“Cats are really interesting animals,” says Dr. Emily McCobb, clinical associate professor of anesthesiology at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University. “While they are predators, they exhibit some prey animal behavior, like masking pain, because they don’t want to get eaten.” 

So how can you tell if a cat is in pain and what should you do about it? There are signs to watch for that can help you determine next steps.

Do Cats Feel Pain?

Before we get into the signs that a cat is in pain, let’s clarify what sort of pain a cat feels. “Cats biologically have the same type of pain receptors that humans do in all parts of the body,” explains Emily Swiniarski, DVM, chief medical officer of PAWS Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. “It may not be the exact same experience as what a human has, but we know they feel pain in the same way that any other animal would when they have injury or ongoing medical issues.” 

Cats can experience both acute and chronic pain. Acute pain is usually sudden, sharp, and caused by an injury (broken bone, burn), illness, surgery, or medical procedure. It typically goes away when the cause of the pain is resolved. Chronic pain, on the other hand, is ongoing and may not even be related to a past injury. Osteoarthritis (often referred to as arthritis) is an example of a progressive condition that can cause chronic pain in cats. Chronic pain is particularly hard to diagnose, as the signs of pain are very subtle. 

Many of the signs of cat pain are similar to signs of other illnesses in cats. The important thing for you to do as a pet parent isn’t diagnosing the cause of the sign but rather noticing it and seeking out help from a veterinarian who is trained in cat health. 

8 Signs a Cat is in Pain

Let’s explore some of the common signs and symptoms of pain in cats. A cat in pain may experience one or more of the following signs:

Changes in behavior

“A big sign that cats are in pain is a change in their activities,” explains Nancy Vail-Archer, DVM, medical director of NorthStar Vets Veterinary Emergency Trauma & Specialty Center in Maple Shade, New Jersey. “These changes can be subtle. For example, a cat that used to jump up on the counter all the time won’t anymore. Or the cat has reduced energy levels and less interest in play. What you’re looking for is the cat becoming less engaged in routine behaviors.”

Remember, it’s a CHANGE in behavior. A cat who has never been interested in toys may just be lazy, not painful.

Hiding

If your cat is typically pretty sociable with people and then starts hiding rather than engaging with your family, this is an indicator of pain and discomfort, Dr. Vail-Archer notes. It’s one of the most common changes pet parents report in their sick or painful cats. If your cat is usually under your feet in the morning as soon as you walk into the kitchen but now needs to be woken up after breakfast has been served, that could be a sign of pain as well. Again, this goes back to the first sign of any change in behavior being a possible sign of pain. 

Not using the litter box

Peeing or pooping outside the litter box technically falls under “change in behavior” too, but this is another big indicator that something is off with your cat. They could be suffering from a painful health condition like a urinary tract infection (UTI) or arthritis. Cats with joint pain due to arthritis may have trouble climbing in and out of the litter box, whereas a cat with a UTI may strain to urinate and associate the litter box with pain so they find somewhere else to go. 

Vocalizing

Some cats are more vocal than others, but if your normally quiet kitty starts meowing, crying, or moaning, especially when you touch a certain spot on their body or while they are using the litter box, there is an issue that needs to be addressed. 

Limping/holding up a leg

Limping is one of the more obvious signs that a cat is in pain because you can see what body part is causing issues. Limping is ALWAYS a sign of pain. If a cat is favoring one leg over another, or won’t put a certain paw on the floor, that’s a clear signal that something is wrong.

Abnormal posture

Dr. McCobb notes that a relaxed cat will have a stretched-out body posture. If a cat is more crouched or curled, that is an indication that the cat is ill, uncomfortable, or in pain. For example, a cat with stomach pain may not stretch out fully. Or a cat may only lay down on one side of their body to minimize pressure on a painful limb. 

Aggression

Cats who are in pain are more likely to be irritable and may even lash out at their humans. So if your cat is usually friendly and then becomes aggressive for seemingly no reason, pain could be to blame. Cats may lash out at their housemates—other cats or dogs—instead of their people.

Loss of appetite

Refusing to eat is a general sign of pain in cats that could be associated with a number of conditions, ranging from dental problems to urinary disorders to cancer. The key is paying attention to other behaviors your cat is exhibiting along with loss of appetite. For example, “if you notice food is falling out of their mouth or they want to eat but they can’t seem to eat, those are signs of dental pain,” Dr. McCobb explains. A cat who is painful when walking may visit the food bowl fewer times per day.

Next Steps When Your Cat Is in Pain

While pet parents should always be on the lookout for signs and signals their cat might be in pain, there are some situations that are more urgent than others. “If there’s a very small behavior change, say, for example, a small change in appetite, but your cat is still eating, drinking, and using the litter box, I would suggest monitoring them for a week to see if things turn around and go back to normal,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “If they don’t, you’ve probably noticed something that’s indicative of a chronic issue or something that’s not going to go away on its own, and you should seek out your veterinarian.” 

Of course, if your cat gets worse, you should see a veterinarian immediately. “If your cat stops eating, stops using the litter box, isn’t active at all, or is unable to get up, those are signs of an emergency and you should see a veterinarian right away,” Dr. Swiniarski says.

Pain is easier to diagnose—and can be caught earlier—when pet parents are tuned into their cat’s behaviors and keep a thorough medical history, Dr. Vail-Archer says. “History is so important because the owners are the ones who really know their cat’s behavior. They’re an incredibly important part of the health care team when it comes to recognizing pain,” she says. “Getting a good history helps us to hone in on what exactly is wrong.”

How to Manage Pain in Cats

So what do you do once your cat has a pain diagnosis? You treat it. “A lot of cat owners don’t realize that there are many ways that we can treat pain and make our cats feel more comfortable,” Dr. Vail-Archer says. “These treatment options include acupuncture, physical rehabilitation, laser therapy, massage therapy, and even weight loss.”

Dr. McCobb adds that there are pharmaceutical options for pain relief in cats as well. “We didn’t have a ton of great options for pain management in cats, especially when it comes to chronic pain, until very recently,” she says. “There’s a bunch of newer medications and treatment modalities that are safe for cats long term and can help us improve their quality of life as they’re living into their late teens.”

Different sources of pain require different treatments. If you have questions about how to alleviate and manage your cat’s pain, call your veterinarian to talk about what treatments would work best for your individual cat.

The post How to Tell If a Cat Is in Pain: 8 Signs appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Naturally, you might be wondering if seasonal allergies can affect our canine companions, too. And if so, do dogs experience the same allergy symptoms as humans? Keep reading to find out.

Can Dogs Have Seasonal Allergies?

Yes, dogs can have seasonal allergies! Seasonal or environmental allergies are relatively common in dogs, but they don’t cause the same symptoms as they do in humans, says Emily Swiniarski, DVM, chief medical officer of PAWS Chicago. “The difference between dogs and humans is that dogs typically show seasonal allergies through skin and ear disease,” she describes. 

While any dog can experience seasonal allergies, they are more common in certain breeds. Shar-Peis, Wirehaired Fox Terriers, Golden Retrievers, Dalmatians, Boxers, Boston Terriers, Labrador Retrievers, Lhasa Apsos, Scottish Terriers, Shih Tzus, and West Highland White Terriers are noted as being more susceptible to developing seasonal allergies (2).

What Causes Seasonal Allergies in Dogs?

Seasonal allergies in dogs can be triggered by a wide range of irritants, including “different kinds of pollen, dust, grass, basically anything that a human may be allergic to outside,” Dr. Swiniarski explains. 

“Dogs can also be allergic to fleas, which tend to come out during the spring and summer—just when plants start to bloom,” she adds. “As such, it can be difficult to determine whether an allergy is related to something like pollen or flea bites.”

Seasonal allergies most often manifest as skin and ear irritation in dogs. Unfortunately, these are also symptoms of food allergies in dogs. “Skin and ear disease are the most common symptoms of food allergies in dogs, but food allergies can also result in GI (gastrointestinal) disease,” Dr. Swiniarski explains. “So intermittent vomiting, soft stool, or occasional diarrhea all indicate a food allergy rather than a seasonal allergy.” 

Dog Seasonal Allergy Symptoms

Again, the biggest signs that a dog is suffering from seasonal allergies manifest in their skin and ears. Possible symptoms of seasonal allergies in dogs include:

• Itchiness
• Redness
• Fur loss
• Scratches
• Discharge (indicates infection)
• Red and/or crusty bumps
• Ear infection
• Foul odor from the ears
• Discharge from the ears
• Head shaking
• Ear scratching

Non-ear related allergy symptoms can happen anywhere on a dog’s body, but you’re more likely to notice it in areas where the fur is thinner, like on the belly.

And, while sneezing isn’t on the list of common dog allergy symptoms, don’t rule it out entirely. “That doesn’t mean that there can’t be some clear nasal discharge because of seasonal allergies, but that’s not a common symptom,” Dr. Swiniarski says. 

Diagnosing the cause of an allergy in dogs can become complicated, Dr. Swiniarski says. “Any dog could be allergic to one of three things—fleas, food, or seasonal triggers,” she says. “You have to rule each possible allergy out. The biggest hint, however, is that seasonal allergies are seasonal. They don’t last all year.”

Diagnosing Seasonal Allergies in Dogs

Suspected allergies don’t necessarily require that you jump in the car and rush Fido to the vet. If your dog has some of the above symptoms but seems comfortable, you can monitor them at home to see if the symptoms pass. 

“However, if he’s scratching so hard that he’s bleeding or is head shaking or scratching at his ears, something hurts and you need to go to the vet right away,” Dr. Swiniarski says. She adds that if your dog has thick, green nasal discharge or is coughing, you should make a vet appointment.

Once your dog is being examined, the vet will take a detailed history to try and determine the allergy trigger. However, since allergies can be difficult to diagnose, a history might not be enough to determine what your dog is reacting to. 

There are a couple of dog allergy tests that vets might use to help diagnose a seasonal allergy. The first is an intradermal allergy test. Intradermal allergy tests can only be administered by veterinary dermatologists, and they require shaving a patch of your dog’s fur and scratching their skin with allergens to see if there is a reaction. This is similar to how allergists make diagnoses in humans.

There is also something called a RAST (radioallergosorbent) test. RAST tests are blood tests that look for certain allergy antigens. A RAST test is much easier to administer than an intradermal allergy test, because your regular vet can do a simple blood draw. However, RAST tests are not as definitive as intradermal tests and are known for producing false positives.

How to Treat Dog Seasonal Allergies

There are several treatments available for dogs with seasonal allergies that your veterinarian may recommend.

Medicated shampoos could make a difference if the allergen sticks to the dog’s fur. You could also try supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to have a positive effect on dogs with allergy symptoms. 

If your dog is really uncomfortable, your vet may recommend antihistamines. Dr. Swiniarski notes that one of the most popular antihistamines, Benadryl, has fallen out of favor with a lot of vets. 

“Benadryl is a very weak antihistamine. We have much more effective options today,” she explains. “Also, Benadryl has a lot of side effects. It can make dogs very drowsy, and in rare cases it can have the opposite effect and make dogs hyper.”

Dr. Swiniarski frequently recommends cetirizine, which you probably know as Zyrtec. “You can buy it over the counter, you only need one dose a day, and it’s safer and more effective than Benadryl,” she says. 

While effective, antihistamines do take some time to kick in. Dr. Swiniarski says that you won’t see their full effect until your dog has been taking them for at least a month. For fast-acting relief, your veterinarian may prescribe Apoquel, an oral tablet for dogs that stops allergic itch at the source. It starts to relieve itch within four hours and controls it within 24 hours.

And remember: NEVER give your pet any new medication or supplement without checking with your vet first. They will give guidance regarding dosage and possible drug interactions.

Preventing Seasonal Allergies in Dogs

While it’s impossible to guard your dog from all possible allergy triggers, there are ways to mitigate symptoms. For example, if your dog is allergic to dust or pollen, you might need to clean your house more frequently. You could also consider purchasing air purifiers or high-efficiency air filters. 
The best course of action is to work with your vet to find the right treatment option for your pet. It could be a combination of medication and additional grooming, or maybe omega-3 supplements will do the trick. Sometimes, finding the solution requires some trial and error.

The post Can Dogs Have Seasonal Allergies? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Luckily, cats are not typically allergic to humans, but we do share some common allergens. Cats can be allergic to environmental allergens like dust and pollen, certain types of food, and flea saliva. But how can you tell if your cat has an allergy, and how do you pinpoint what is causing the reaction? Here’s what you need to know.

Signs of Allergies in Cats

The most common signs of environmental and flea allergies in cats are seen in the skin and ears. “Skin and ears can become itchy. There could also be fur loss,” explains Emily Swiniarski, DVM, chief medical officer of PAWS Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. “However, cats are very secretive, so you might not see them scratching.”

Cats with allergies often get secondary skin infections or have red bumps, especially if fleas are involved. Cats can also get a rash-like skin condition called miliary dermatitis in response to allergens.

In addition to thinning fur behind the ears, allergy cats can have inflammation and hair loss on the face, neck, lower back/rump, belly, and thighs.

With food allergies in cats, the most common sign is itchy, irritated skin. That being said, there is the possibility that a food allergy could also cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, change in appetite, and weight loss.

It can be very difficult to diagnose allergies in cats. “Sometimes we joke that cats don’t read our textbooks, because there can be a wide variety of clinical presentations for different ailments, including allergies,” says Dr. Ekaterina Mendoza-Kuznetsova, V.V.Z., DECVD, assistant clinical professor in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in North Grafton, Massachusetts. “On top of that, it can also be difficult to differentiate allergies from similar conditions.”

What Are Cats Allergic To? Common Allergens

As mentioned earlier, cats and people can be allergic to many of the same things. “Anything that could create allergies in a human can create allergies in a cat,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “They can be allergic to all sorts of grasses, pollen, and plants, as well as dust mites, fleas, and dogs or other pets.”

Allergies in cats can be broken down into a few general categories, including:

• Flea allergies (flea allergy dermatitis, caused by flea bites)
• Environmental allergies (e.g., pollen, grass, dust, mold)
• Food allergies
• Contact allergies (anything that comes in contact with the skin, such as shampoos, or fabrics like wool)
• Feline asthma (triggered by inhaled substances in the air like smoke or perfume)

Perhaps the most common allergen for cats is flea bites. “With a flea allergy, a single bite can cause a hypersensitive reaction that could potentially last for a couple of weeks,” Dr. Mendoza-Kuznetsova says. “And you might never see a flea. All it takes is one bite and for the flea to jump to a different host.”

What Plants Are Cats Allergic To?

In addition to common environmental allergens like dust and mold, pollen spread by plants can cause allergies in cats. Common culprits include tree pollens, grass pollens, weed pollens, and flower pollens.

If your cat is showing signs of an environmental allergy, your veterinarian may treat them without knowing exactly which allergen is to blame. “Cats can be allergic to a variety of grasses, trees, shrubs, and flowers, but it’s hard to figure out which one is causing the reaction,” Dr. Swiniarski says. There is also a lack of scientific research into which plants cats might be most allergic to. This may have to do with how difficult it is to diagnose allergies in cats.

What Foods are Cats Allergic To?

When it comes to food allergies, cats are most often allergic to proteins, such as meat and dairy. Common food allergens in cats include:

• Chicken
• Beef
• Turkey
• Egg
• Soy
• Milk

Food allergies can present suddenly, even if a cat has been eating the same food for years, Dr. Mendoza-Kuznetsova notes. “A cat may have been eating chicken for a decade without any problems. But suddenly—and no one knows why—this cat may develop an allergy to chicken. Onset is unpredictable.” 

Cats cannot be allergic to a food that they have never tried before, Dr. Mendoza-Kuznetsova adds. So, if a cat presents with a chicken allergy, a common solution is to transition that cat’s diet to a novel protein, such as lamb. 

How to Help Your Cat with Allergies

If your veterinarian determines that your cat is suffering from allergies, there are some steps you can take to help your feline companion.

For cats with flea bite allergies, the most important step is to get them on a good flea control product. “It may take a few months, but a flea control product will decrease the number of fleas around a cat, which will lead to less bites,” Dr. Mendoza-Kuznetsova says.

If your cat has a food allergy, an elimination diet is necessary to pinpoint the food that is causing the issue. “The only way to diagnose a food allergy is a diet trial, which is very strict and not easy for picky eaters like cats,” Dr. Mendoza-Kuznetsova explains. You will work with your veterinarian to systematically remove different foods from your cat’s diet until there is an improvement in symptoms. To confirm that a particular ingredient is the culprit, you add it back to the diet and see if clinical signs reappear. Any offending foods are then permanently removed from your cat’s diet. 

As for environmental allergies, there are intradermal skin tests available, but they are not generally used to make diagnoses. “They’re only used for identifying what a cat is likely allergic to once we determine that cat is suffering from an environmental allergy, and they’re only utilized after a clinical workup has been done by a veterinarian,” Dr. Mendoza-Kuznetsova says.

It’s impossible to keep your cat safe from all allergens, especially ones like pollen and dust that get into your home, no matter how clean you keep it. That means that pet parents who have cats with environmental allergies should focus on treating symptoms, rather than trying to prevent them from happening.

“Your vet may recommend an antihistamine like cetirizine—also known as Zyrtec—to help mitigate your cat’s symptoms,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “We also have medications that can help with itchiness that we prescribe relatively frequently.” Many cats with allergies usually need more than antihistamines alone—they might need cyclosporine (Atopica) or another immunomodulator. Allergy shots (allergen-specific immunotherapy/ASIT) are also used in cats to help improve their tolerance to allergens.

As with any medical issues, pet parents should work with their cat’s care team to develop a treatment plan and should not give any medication without consulting with their veterinarian first.

The post What Are Cats Allergic To? Common Allergens  appeared first on Great Pet Care.

There are also official entities that have acknowledged feats of feline athleticism. In 2018, Guinness World Records awarded Waffle the Warrior Cat the world record for longest jump by a cat when he managed a 7-foot horizontal jump!

But a cat’s physical abilities aren’t a simple party trick – cats are ideal hunters, and many of their physical features make it easier to hunt and catch prey. These same features also protect cats from injury in the event that something goes wrong, like falling out of a tree or even off a building. In fact, there was a cat who survived a 32-story fall in New York City!

While cats can do many impressive things, today we’re going to talk about vertical jumps. So, how high can cats jump, anyway? Spoiler alert: It’s high, and very impressive. 

How Do Cats Jump So High?

Before we get into measurements, let’s break down how and why cats are spectacular jumpers. “A cat’s ability to jump comes from their powerful leg muscles, the flexibility of their spine, excellent balance, and a strong ability to judge distances and heights,” explains Dr. Christina Montalbano, a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation who works for NorthStar VETS Veterinary Emergency, Trauma, and Specialty Centers. “For bigger jumps, cats will crouch down, which allows them to use their legs and their spine in a spring-like fashion. Just as a compressed spring releases potential energy and bounces in the air when released, so does the cat in response to the forceful contractions of their leg and lower back muscles.”

Cats will often use their jumping skills to get to a high vantage point, which, according to Dr. Emily Swiniarski, medical director of the Anti-Cruelty Society in Chicago, is a natural behavior for felines. “Cats like to view potential predators and prey from a safe place, which is why they like to go up high,” she says. “Heights also offer a nice, comfortable, and – most important – safe resting place.”

How High Can a Cat Jump? 

Dr. Swiniarski explains that the average cat can jump 9 times their height. “However, every cat is different, and factors like age, breed, and health can impact how high a cat can jump,” she adds. 

Dr. Swiniarski explains that she’s seen some impressive jumps from cats over the years, but the one that sticks out in her mind was a shelter cat who managed to jump straight up from the ground and balance on top of a door. “We pulled up the security footage because we found the cat up there and couldn’t figure out how he did it. It was just crazy.”

How High Can Kittens Jump?

Kittens can’t jump as high as adult cats. This is because they are still developing their strength and balance. “As they grow, kittens start to attempt vertical or distance jumps and may have many misses before gaining enough strength, balance, and good judgment of distances [to land correctly],” Dr. Montalbano explains. 

She says that kittens need opportunities to practice jumping, or it could affect their future abilities. “Cats lacking these opportunities are more likely to be land-bound as adults,” she says.

Other Factors That Impact a Cat’s Jumping Ability

Young adult and middle-aged cats have the greatest jumping prowess. “Older cats are less likely to be able to jump as high, because 90 percent of geriatric cats have arthritis,” says Dr. Swiniarski. “If their knees, backs, hips, are arthritic, that greatly reduces jumping ability.”

Further, if a cat has any medical conditions that affect their bones, joints, or muscles, that could impede jumping ability. Neurological conditions that impact balance could affect a cat’s ability to jump. There are also certain breeds, like Munchkin cats, which are bred to have shorter legs, that cannot jump as high.

How Do Cats Always Land on Their Feet?

Cats are amazing at jumping, so it makes sense that they would also be amazing at falling. Cats have a “righting reflex,” which allows them to instinctively put their feet below them when they fall. 

“There are two factors that contribute to why cats are so good at landing on their feet,” says Dr. Swiniarski. “The first is that they have very specific structures in their inner ear that help with balance. There are three of them, and they are all at 90-degree angles from each other. Because of that, any direction a cat flips, their body can instantly tell that the cat is off balance and can send impulses to the brain that help the cat right herself.”

The other factor has to do with how a cat’s muscles and joints work. “Once a cat knows she’s off balance, she can deal with that information and rotate her body very quickly. Their strong muscles and flexibility are key here, but the other piece is that their shoulder joints are connected with muscle, not bone,” she adds. “That means they’re able to throw the front half of their body in the direction they need to land without much issue.”

However, Dr. Montalbano cautions that it’s not true that cats always land on their feet. There are a few factors in play. If a cat falls with her feet up, she needs a certain amount of time to flip over in mid-air to be able to land on her feet. So, a short fall may not give cats enough time to right themselves before the landing. However, if the fall is too great, there are other dangers. “While they might be able to right themselves and land on their feet from a higher fall, this can cause excessive forces to their body and cause injury,” Dr. Montalbano explains.

Cats and Jumping: Helpful Tips for Around the Home 

Jumping and climbing are definitely among cats’ favorite activities, and there are ways to ensure that your feline can engage in these feats around your house safely. 

“We can’t expect cats not to climb and jump because it’s a natural behavior,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “So, we need to take the initiative and create safe spots for them, whether it be a shelf or a cat tree, that lets them get up high and view the entirety of the room.”

Dr. Montalbano suggests installing cat furniture, like a sturdy cat tree, next to a window so that your kitty can enjoy the view from their high perch. But cat trees just scratch the surface (pun intended). 

“For households that are all about their cats, installing shelving is another option. Commercial cat shelves are available, as are DIY instructions that can provide guidance on building your own – how many shelves are needed, and how far apart to space them,” she says. “Shelves should be sturdy and properly installed into walls. They should also offer good traction, like carpeting.”

If you can’t install cat furniture, at the very least, make sure that items like bookshelves and cabinets are securely screwed into the wall. “Even though cats aren’t that heavy, they will climb, and they will jump, and if they miss and have to scramble, it could throw furniture off balance, causing it to tip over and break and possibly injure your cat,” Dr. Swiniarski says.

Both Dr. Swiniarski and Dr. Montalbano say there’s no way to stop cats from climbing and jumping, so creating a safe space for them to do so is a good idea for your entire household.

The post How High Can Cats Jump? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

But can cats eat honey? And if so, what sort of limitations should you put on honey consumption for your kitty companion?

Can Cats Have Honey?

“Yes, cats can eat honey,” says Dr. Emily Swiniarski, chief medical officer of PAWS Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. “However, they shouldn’t eat honey as a major part of their diet. It could be considered a treat.” 

Dr. Swiniarski explains that treats should only comprise about 10 percent of a cat’s diet, and because of honey’s high sugar content, she doesn’t recommend offering it often, if at all. “You want to give your cats treats with a higher nutritive value,” she says.

It’s also worth noting that studies have shown that cats do not have the capacity to taste sweetness, which means that honey is not likely to be a very enticing treat for kitties. 

Can Kittens Eat Honey?

Dr. Swiniarski notes that kittens can also have a bit of honey now and then if they show interest, but it should be restricted to an extremely small amount. “Kittens grow extremely rapidly and need good nutrition to support that growth,” she adds. “Honey doesn’t offer that nutrition.”

What About Raw Honey?

Raw honey is not recommended for cats or kittens. “Raw honey is not pasteurized, so there is a risk that it might have harmful yeast or bacteria in it,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “Cats, like humans, can get infections or food poisoning from eating unpasteurized honey.” 

Manuka Honey?

Manuka honey is ok for cats to eat, but cats can get more benefits from this type of honey if it’s used in other ways. “Manuka honey has fantastic antibacterial properties and has been shown to kill and prevent the growth of bacteria,” Dr. Swiniarski explains. “There’s not a strong medical basis for feeding a cat Manuka honey, but it is frequently used in medicine to help heal large wounds and even in some orthopedic and bone surgeries.”

Manuka honey has been used to preserve bone allografts and studies have shown that wounds treated with a wound gel containing honey have exceptional outcomes. Dr. Swiniarski adds that topical Manuka honey can also reduce edema in cats, which is swelling caused by excess fluid.

Is Honey Good for Cats?

In humans, honey does offer some health benefits. It has anti-inflammatory properties and contains essential nutrients like iron, zinc, and potassium. It’s also a natural way to relieve a sore throat. But what about in cats? 

“There hasn’t been much, if any, research into how many nutrients that cats are able to absorb from honey,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “So yes, it’s possible that cats can get some nutrition from honey, but no one has really studied that, so it’s an unknown area.”

She adds, “Since we don’t know if honey is actually offering health benefits to cats, I wouldn’t recommend that owners put it in their cat’s mouth or in her food or treats if the cat didn’t express interest.”

When Is Honey Bad for Cats?

While honey won’t hurt most cats, there are some felines out there who should not be eating honey. “As mentioned before, honey contains essential minerals. Cats with chronic illnesses should not be fed honey as it could upset the balance of minerals in their system,” Dr. Swiniarski explains. “For example, cats with chronic kidney disease could have elevated phosphorus levels. Phosphorus is in honey, and it would be dangerous to give that cat even more phosphorus.”

Also, cats who have diabetes should not be fed honey as it can cause their sugar levels to spike. “There is one exception, though,” Dr. Swiniarski says. “Honey can be an emergency remedy for a cat or kitten that has passed out from low blood sugar. You can rub it on their gums and they will absorb the sugar,” she describes. 

That said, you should always consult with your vet before administering any sort of emergency treatment.

Honey and Cats: Helpful Feeding Tips

While most cats can eat a small amount of honey without any health issues, it’s not something that should be in the regular treat rotation. There are a lot of options for cat treats that offer much more from a nutrition standpoint than this sweet goo. 

However, if you’re enjoying a yogurt or some other snack with some honey, and Fluffy sneaks a bite, don’t fret. A little bit won’t hurt!

The post Can Cats Eat Honey? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Every pet parent has experienced it at one point or another…the look. You know, it’s that beseeching, sometimes-reproachful gaze cats and dogs tend to give you when mealtime rolls around and their food bowl is empty.

Or maybe your pet is a little more vocal about their hunger, yowling or howling without rest until you fix the no-food situation…stat.

Even if your pet isn’t fixated on feeding time, consistent, regular meals are a must for all cats and dogs. And, in addition to providing the right food in the right quantity, pet parents must also keep food bowls clean and safe. My own kitty’s bowl sometimes requires several scrubbing sessions a week.

No doubt about it, keeping up with feeding chores can feel like a full-time job for any pet parent. Luckily, the Whisker company has a host of solutions designed to make taking care of our pets easy and automated, including the revolutionary Feeder-Robot.

Shop now and save $25 off your Feeder-Robot or Litter-Robot purchase

Recently, my cats and I had the chance to put the Feeder-Robot to the test. I don’t know who was more excited about that…me or my cats. Here’s what we learned .

What is the Whisker Company?

Over 20 years ago, Brad Baxter was a busy pet parent, struggling (like so many of us) to stay on top of all the chores that came along with the two cats he’d inherited.

But, as an inventor, Baxter didn’t just see a stinky litter box he needed to empty. He saw a challenge. As he cleaned, he started brainstorming ways he could make the process easier on him and better for his cats. Many sketches and prototypes later, the Litter-Robot was born–an automatic, self-cleaning litterbox that handled the most dreaded litterbox duties so cat parents didn’t have to.

While the Litter-Robot wasn’t the first self-cleaning litterbox on the market, it worked a lot better than previous inventions. And, based on that success, Baxter founded the company now called Whisker with one mission: to make life with our pets endlessly better.

To that end, Whisker has continued to innovate, developing many other pet care solutions, including the Feeder-Robot, all designed, manufactured and serviced right here in the USA.

What is the Feeder-Robot and How Does it Work?

Launched in 2020, the Feeder-Robot is a more recent addition to the Whisker product arsenal and the first of the brand’s products designed for both dogs and cats. The Feeder-Robot is an automatic pet feeder that dispenses a pre-set amount of dry or semi-moist kibble at a scheduled time, making feeding your pet a breeze.

While there are a lot of automatic pet feeders on the market, the Feeder-Robot–much like the Litter-Robot before it–stands out from the competition. In addition to its thoughtful design and easy-to-use features, what really sets the Feeder-Robot apart is its user-friendly app. The Feeder-Robot is WiFi-enabled, so you can control it from wherever you are using the Whisker app, which is compatible with both Apple and Android mobile devices.

The Whisker app allows you to program when and how much your cat is fed. Plus, it can notify you when it’s time for a refill and provide insights into your pet’s feeding habits. You can even use it to dispense a “snack” whenever you feel like Fluffy deserves an extra special treat.

The Feeder-Robot can be programmed to feed up to 8 portions per day. And the tamper-proof hopper holds a whopping 32 cups of food, so you don’t have to worry about constantly refilling it.

The Feeder-Robot even features anti-jam technology to ensure your pet doesn’t miss a meal due to unexpected technical difficulties…a big bonus for anyone who doesn’t relish dealing with a hangry pet.

The Feeder-Robot costs $299 and is available in four different color combinations (a black or white feeder with a clear or “smoke” hopper). 

Putting the Feeder-Robot to the Test

That all sounds great, doesn’t it? But here’s the true test: I tried out the Feeder-Robot in the real world, introducing it to my crew of hungry, food-motivated felines. Here’s what the kitties and I thought about the Feeder-Robot test run.

I had tried out the Litter-Robot before, so I was familiar with Whisker brand products. However, I found the Litter-Robot a bit trickier to set up than the Litter-Robot. There was some assembly required and I had a little trouble with the instructions. After some trial-and-error, though, I got it up and running.

Though my cats had been slow to warm up to the Litter-Robot, they took to the Feeder-Robot immediately. However, our cats have been eating from an automatic pet feeder for a while, so that probably helped a lot.

For pets who may be hesitant to try new things, Whisker recommends giving them a day or two to get used to the Feeder-Robot before it’s even turned on. You might want to add a small handful of food or a few treats to the bowl to entice your pet. Once they warm up to that, you can try filling the unit and pressing the feed button to get them used to the noise.

Though both my cats and I were accustomed to automatic feeders, it’s safe to say that the Feeder-Robot is an improvement over the previous feeder in almost every way.

For one thing, it’s much quieter—we don’t even notice when it dispenses. It’s also impossible for our kitty to get food out of the feeder when it’s not dispensing (she had figured out a way to knock food out of our previous feeder). I really like the transparent hopper, which allows me to see how much kibble is left and whether I need to buy more.

Then there’s the app. It’s easy to use, which makes the feeder easy to program. I can also check and make sure food was dispensed if the cats are being dramatic and acting as though they’ve never eaten before in their lives.

Things We Like About the Feeder-Robot

• Easy to program from the app or the unit
• Super quiet
• App keeps track of how much food is dispensed and when
• Transparent hopper lets you see when kibble is running low
• Optional battery backup ensures pets are fed even if power goes out

Things to Consider

• Setup was challenging
• App had a bit of a learning curve
• 1-year warranty included; 3-year warranty available for $50

Is the Feeder-Robot Worth It? Our Verdict

When I tell other pet parents about the Litter-Robot, I admit that it may not be for every cat. However, my experience with the Feeder-Robot was so positive, I recommend it to just about everyone I meet with no reservations.

Though some might balk at the price tag, it my opinion the device is worth every penny. It’s quiet, efficient, and helps you keep track of how much your pet is eating. I also love the app functionality and reporting. But what I love most of all is the peace of mind I get knowing that my pets are being fed regularly and in the right amount, without me having to lift a finger.

The Feeder-Robot does offer several add-on accessories for an extra charge, including a glass bowl for $30, a stainless steel bowl for $20, and special Feeder-Robot Cleaner Wipes for $15. I didn’t opt for these extras, so I can’t really say if they’re worth the splurge. But I did find the basic unit very easy to clean, as is. The removable parts can be washed by hand, which Whisker suggests doing at least once a month.

Overall, our Feeder-Robot test was a huge success–for both me and my cats. While this advanced model costs more than other automatic feeders, it’s really not a fair comparison because it’s a much better product than the other automatic feeders I’ve tried in the past. Well worth the investment!

Shop now and save $25 off your Feeder-Robot or Litter-Robot purchase

The post Whisker Feeder-Robot Review: Mealtime Magic for Cats and Dogs appeared first on Great Pet Care.

One mode of communication pet parents might not know about is the slow blink. This action, which involves your cat narrowing her eyes at you and blinking very slowly—and, ideally, you do the same back—indicates a positive relationship between a person and their cat [1]. Some studies show that cats in shelters who slow blink at humans are adopted faster than those who don’t [2].

But what about other eye movements, like cat winking? Does a wink mean that your cat wants to communicate, or is it just a twitch? And are there times that winking may be a sign of something serious? Let’s break it down.

Cat Winking: What Does It Look Like?

A cat “wink” is the same as a human wink, closing one eye at a time instead of both. That said, human winks are often intentional, while cat winks are more likely an involuntary eye movement. 

“A cat ‘wink’ can be as simple as closing the eyelids slowly to more of a spastic, fluttering closure of the eyelids, depending on its underlying cause,” says Dr. Terri Baldwin, a veterinarian at BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital in Clearwater, Florida. She adds that winks are within the range of a cat’s normal eye movement, but a spastic, fluttering closure indicates an abnormality in the eye.

What Does it Mean When a Cat Winks at You?

Winking is not a typical cat behavior, but it does happen and can be a show of affection. 

“Cats often close both eyes at the same time in a show of comfort or intense affection,” Baldwin says. Sometimes, the cat may only close one eye rather than both, which has the same meaning as the aforementioned “slow blink.”

There are several theories about why cats slow blink. Some believe it was a learned behavior reinforced by humans that reacted positively to the slow blink. In contrast, others suspect that slow blinking emerged as a way for cats to break a stare, which could be interpreted by other animals as a threat. Regardless of origins, the consensus is that the slow blink—or wink—is a sign of affection and trust between cats and humans.

However, some winks and blinks are less innocuous. If a cat is consistently closing just one of her eyes, or if that blinking motion isn’t slow and controlled, it could mean she may have a medical condition.

How to Decode Cat Winking and Blinking

So how to tell the difference between a “good” wink and a “bad” wink? Good winks, the ones that have the same meaning as a slow blink, come with specific bodily cues. Your cat will be relaxed and calm, not anxious or fidgety. She’ll be making prolonged eye contact. Also, your cat may not close her eyes all the way—a half-closed eye can count as a good wink. 

When is Cat Winking a Problem?

If you notice that your cat is winking a lot, especially in a jerky and irregular way, you should be on the lookout for other symptoms of an eye infection, including:

• Eye redness and swelling
• Discharge from the eyes
• Eye cloudiness
• Rubbing or pawing at the eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Your cat is withdrawn
• Your cat is not engaging in normal grooming behaviors
• Your cat is not eating

Abnormal cat winking may also be caused by neurological issues, since nerves control a cat’s ability to blink. Although uncommon, facial nerve paralysis may cause a cat to be unable to blink one eye, which can appear as winking. 

“You should take your cat to the veterinarian if you notice one eye is closed more often than the other eye, especially if the blinking is a spastic, fluttering closure or it is accompanied by discharge,” Baldwin says. “You should also take your cat to the veterinarian if you notice a change in behavior, decrease in appetite, or weight loss.”

She strongly cautions against treating your cat with any over-the-counter medications or eye drops before seeking out the advice of a veterinarian. 

“Cats are susceptible animals and can have allergic and even anaphylactic reactions to certain medications. Therefore, it is best to only give your cat eye drops based upon the advice of a veterinarian that has examined your pet,” Baldwin says.

If your cat consistently blinks or winks at you slowly and with control while you’re hanging out, it’s a good thing. It’s a sign of trust and affection, and you can even slow blink back at her to let her know that you feel the same.

Adversely, if the winking or blinking is uncontrolled and presents in a spastic or fluttering manner, see your veterinarian.

The post Cat Winking: Why They Do It and What It Means appeared first on Great Pet Care.

If your kitty is constantly frolicking in puddles or jumping into a full bathtub, you might be wondering if it’s time to take the plunge (pun intended) and let her have a proper swim. But would that be safe? Can cats swim? And what sort of precautions should you take?

Do Cats Like Water?

Generally speaking, cats are not fans of water. This may have to do with the fact that domestic cats originated in the desert and didn’t have many opportunities to swim in their native environment [1]. However, some cats are drawn to water and may enjoy taking a dip. Certain breeds are known for liking water (more on those later).

According to Dr. Maranda Elswick, a Florida-based veterinarian and founder of The Meowing Vet, LLC, enjoying the water isn’t necessarily an innate trait but something that cats can learn if you introduce them early enough. “You should start when your cat is young. That’s the best time if you want your cat to learn how to not only swim but also enjoy the water,” she says.

Elswick warns that if a cat isn’t introduced to water at their own pace, they could panic, which is extremely dangerous. “It’s the panicking that causes cats to drown, not necessarily that they don’t know how to swim,” she notes. 

Can Cats Swim?

Short answer: Yes, cats can swim.

Cats have webbing between their toes, meaning they should instinctively know how to swim if needed. That said, you don’t want to toss a cat into a large body of water to see if she’ll swim. It’s best to start slow and ensure that your cat is well-equipped to paddle around.

“I would start in shallow water, just a couple of inches,” Elswick says. “Let them get used to the water before increasing the depth. You always want the cat to feel comfortable. Don’t push it and stop immediately if your cat starts to panic.” 

Once your cat is comfortable in shallow water (Elswick recommends starting with a warm bathtub), try holding her in deeper water and gently letting go to see if she’ll start swimming. Make sure to supervise the process from start to finish.

With some diligence in training, most cats will learn to swim, says Elswick. “if you stick with it and are patient as your cat acclimates to the water, chances are she’ll learn,” she adds. “However, some cats are never going to like water, and you should never force your cat to swim if she doesn’t enjoy it.”

Swimming Cat Breeds

Certain cat breeds enjoy the water, notably Maine Coons and Norwegian Forest Cats. 

Maine Coons are a long-haired breed known for their easy-going disposition, large stature and shaggy coats. The Cat Fanciers’ Association notes that Maine Coon cats are particularly known for their love of water and may join you in the shower or “help” you wash the dishes [2]. 

Norwegian Forest Cats (known affectionately as “Wegies”) look like Maine Coons and share their affection for water. This could be because they have a double coat with a water-resistant outer layer that protects a warm undercoat. Their double coats help them survive cold winters in their native Norway and make playing in the water more appealing. 

Elswick mentions a few additional breeds that like the water, including Bengals, Turkish Vans and even some Manx cats. She does add, though, that liking water doesn’t necessarily mean your cat will want to go swimming. “A lot of them may just want to put their feet in, walk around in a puddle or just play in the bathtub or sink. They may also be easier to bathe,” she says.

Cat Swimming Safety Tips

Even if your cat loves water and is a proven swimmer, pet parents should keep some important safety tips in mind. 

First and foremost, cats shouldn’t be swimming in any body of water with a strong current or tide. “And if they are in a large body of water, they should be wearing a leash or harness so that you can get to them quickly if there are any issues,” Elswick says.

While many pet parents may consider life jackets for their cats, Elswick doesn’t necessarily recommend them. She says that wearing any type of clothing, including a life jacket, may make your cat panic in the water and can limit movement, making it more difficult to swim.

If your cat takes to the water like a fish, there are still a few potential pitfalls to consider. First, water can upset the balance of oils on cats’ skin and in their coats. 

“This can cause dry skin and dry fur. It could also lead to overgrooming as your cat tries to fix that balance,” Elswick says. This is especially true if your cat is swimming in a pool with chemicals like chlorine. Other health issues to look out for are GI upset, coughing and respiratory problems. 

For pet parents with a pool or a pond in their yards, ensure there’s a gate or safety fence surrounding that water. “A pool alarm, which should alert you if a small child falls into the pool, is a good idea if you have pets,” Elswick says.Finally, Elswick says all pet parents should learn pet CPR. “Whether your pet likes to swim or not, is a strong swimmer or a weak one, it’s just a good thing to know.”

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If you’re a fan of this tropical treat, you may be wondering if cats can have bananas, too. The answer may surprise you!

Can Cats Eat Bananas?

Short answer: Yes! “Cats can eat bananas safely and they are digestible,” says Dr. Emily Swiniarski, medical director for Anti-Cruelty Society in Chicago, Illinois. “While cats are obligate carnivores—meaning they must eat meat—their digestive systems can handle some carbohydrates and fiber.”

However, just because cats can eat bananas doesn’t mean it should be a staple of their diets. Bananas are best served as an occasional treat. 

“Treats, including bananas, should not constitute any more than 10 percent of a cat’s diet,” Dr. Swiniarski explains. She adds that if you’re serving your cat bananas, that would mean you’re feeding no more than 1-to-2 tablespoons per day, and that’s only if you’re not giving Fluffy any other treats.

So, now that we’ve established that bananas themselves are safe to eat, what about banana-based snacks?

Can Cats Eat Banana Bread?

Dr. Swiniarski doesn’t recommend feeding banana bread to cats. “Food items made with bananas can have added sugars, fats, or potentially toxic ingredients like chocolate,” she says. “Before feeding a cat anything made with bananas, pet parents should know what the ingredients are and feed very, very little,” she notes.

Can Cats Eat Banana Peels?

Unlike banana fruit, banana peels are not good for cats to eat. “The peels hold very little nutrition and are extremely fibrous,” says Dr. Swiniarski. “Besides being tough to chew, they will be tough to digest and cats’ tummies may become upset.”

Can Cats Eat Banana Chips?

Depending on how they’re prepared, cats may be able to eat banana chips. If the chips are simply dehydrated bananas with no added sugar, spices, or salt, they should be fine for cats to eat. If there are added ingredients—especially salt and sugar—pet parents should pass.

Can Kittens Eat Bananas?

Kittens can eat bananas. But it’s important to keep in mind that kittens have different nutritional needs than adult cats, so their banana intake should be limited. “Because kittens need high levels of protein and fat in their diet, [pet parents should] keep bananas to a minimum and ensure your kitten is eating a high-quality diet approved for kittens or all life stages,” Dr. Swiniarski recommends.

Are Bananas Good for Cats?

While cats can eat bananas, they aren’t necessarily good for cats. Most cats also don’t have a drive to eat sweet things like humans or dogs, and may not enjoy the taste of bananas. As stated above, cats are obligate carnivores and must eat meat to survive. In terms of nutrition, cats require a high-protein, moderate fat, minimal carbohydrate diet that mimics the prey they would eat in the wild. There are certain vitamins and minerals that cats need in a healthy diet, but those are typically covered if you’re feeding your cat a high-quality commercial cat food, ideally one that meets AAFCO standards.  

Are Bananas Bad for Cats?

While bananas are healthy for humans, they are high in carbohydrates and naturally occurring sugar, which are not a major part of a balanced feline diet [3]. They’re also high in potassium, which isn’t necessarily bad for a healthy cat, but it could be a problem for cats with underlying health conditions.

“Any cat with healthy kidneys will have no problem getting rid of extra potassium,” Dr. Swiniarski explains, “And some kitties with kidney problems actually need more potassium. But if a cat has kidney disease, and their potassium is too high, feeding your cat bananas would not be a great choice.”

Bananas and Cats: The Verdict

Bananas are safe to give a healthy cat in small quantities, no more than 1-to-2 tablespoons per day if you’re not giving your cats any other treats. Think of bananas as a “sometimes treat” for your cat, like a cookie or a candy bar might be for a human. 

The one caveat is that if your cat has existing health issues, the potassium in bananas may be dangerous, so be sure that your cat has a clean bill of health before sharing your snack. 

The post Can Cats Eat Bananas? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

You might not be the only one in your household who enjoys scrambled, hard-boiled or poached eggs – your cat might want a few bites as well. While you may be inclined to give your cat a few bites of egg, you might also be wondering if it’s safe to feed your cat eggs.  

Can Cats Eat Eggs?

The short answer is: yes, cats can eat eggs. 

“Eggs are a very high-quality source of nutrients. Cats can eat them, and they are used as a protein source in some commercial cat foods,” says Dr. Cailin Heinz, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist.

That said, while cats can eat eggs, there is much more to consider before making eggs a staple in your cat’s diet.

Can Cats Eat Cooked Eggs? 

Cooked eggs should be the only type of egg your cat eats. The yolk should not be runny, and the whites should be completely solid. It doesn’t matter if the eggs are scrambled, fried, hard-boiled or poached, they just need to be cooked. 

And if you sneak your cat a bite of cooked eggs from your plate, be sure that those eggs have not been seasoned with onions or garlic, both of which are unsafe for cats to eat. A little bit of salt or pepper should be fine, but don’t overdo it.

You should also avoid feeding your cat eggs that have been cooked in a lot of butter or oil, as they can cause weight gain.

Can Cats Eat Raw Eggs?

While you sometimes hear about bodybuilders or other athletes eating raw eggs, eating an egg without cooking it is generally not recommended, especially if you’re feeding your cat eggs. For an egg to be consumed safely, it needs to be cooked. 

“Eggs should always be cooked—for both human and pet consumption—because of the risk of salmonella,” Heinz says. Salmonella is a bacterium sometimes found in raw eggs that can cause food poisoning. If you’re interested in feeding your cat a commercial raw diet with eggs, some studies have shown that freeze-drying eggs and other protein sources can kill a percentage of bacteria.

Heinz also cautions pet parents against feeding their cats raw eggs because raw eggs can cause a biotin deficiency. Biotin is essential for digestion and helps break down fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients. Raw eggs contain a substance that decreases biotin absorption, but this substance is inactivated by properly cooking the eggs.  

Can Cats Eat Eggshells?

Eggshells are made of calcium carbonate, a common supplement used as a calcium source. “Calcium carbonate is very commonly used in animal food for all types of animals. So, in theory, yes, your cat can eat eggshells,” Heinz says.

However, Heinz says that giving your cat eggshells as a source of calcium isn’t necessarily the best or easiest way for a cat to get the nutrients it needs. She adds that there’s no reason to feed your cat eggshells if you’re feeding a commercial diet, as those diets will already be nutritionally balanced and include all of the calcium your cat requires. 

And if you’re looking to serve your cat a home-cooked diet, you should work with a veterinary nutritionist to make sure you’re adding the proper nutrients in the right amounts for your cat’s health.

“If you’re making a home-cooked diet for your pet and wanted to use eggshells as a source of calcium, you could, but that would require a lot of calculations to ensure you’re giving them the right amount,” Heinz says. 

Can Cats Eat Egg Yolks?

Yes, cats can eat egg yolks, the most nutrient-dense part of the egg. 

“Egg whites only contain protein,” Heinz says. “It’s a good quality protein, but it doesn’t bring any other nutrients with it. The yolk, however, brings fat, protein and a lot of other nutrients. A whole egg is more nutritionally complete than just the egg white.” 

She also says that egg yolks are higher in calories than just egg whites, which should be considered when incorporating eggs into a cat’s diet. “An average egg is 70 to 80 calories. The white accounts for just 17 of those calories. The rest is the yolk,” she says.

How to Feed Cats Eggs

Eggs can be given as an occasional treat for cats on a commercial diet. For example, if you make yourself a plate of eggs for breakfast, feel free to drop a few morsels into your cat’s dish as well.

However, there is a big difference between sharing a couple of bites of your eggs and cooking eggs specifically for your cat. 

“If you’re going to feed your cat a whole scrambled egg or you’re going to make them a homemade diet, you’re going to need a lot more than just eggs to meet their nutritional needs,” Heinz says. “If you feed your cat a homemade diet that uses egg as the main protein, you might need more than one egg, but you also need to add extra vitamins and minerals to make sure the meal is nutritionally balanced.” 

Heinz adds that if you’re feeding your cat high-quality commercial cat food, there’s no need to add eggs, at least from a nutritional standpoint. “The nutrients in the egg aren’t going to bring anything new,” she says.

Precautions When Feeding Cats Eggs

The most important thing you can do when feeding your cat eggs is to make sure they are fully cooked. Salmonella can be very dangerous, and you don’t want your cat to have to suffer through a bout of food poisoning. 

If you choose to feed your cat eggs, be careful not to overdo it. Heinz says that a typical cat should only eat about 250 calories per day, and a single egg has 70 to 80 calories. “Depending on the size of the cat and the size of the egg, a single egg could constitute anywhere from a third to a half of your cat’s suggested calorie intake,” she says. 

Additionally, if you’re transitioning from commercial cat food to home-cooked meals, Heinz strongly encourages partnering with a veterinary nutritionist. A nutritionist can formulate a balanced diet for your cat, while also creating a transition plan that will minimize the risk of diarrhea (which can accompany an abrupt diet change). 

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These fiery felines are unmistakably special. And they deserve orange cat names that are equally distinctive. If you’re struggling to find one that’s just the right fit, read on! We have some excellent suggestions for your furry ginger friend. 

The Best Orange Cat Names (In Our Opinion)

• Ginger
• Red
• Juice
• Cheddar
• Mango
• Jonesy 
• Pumpkin
• Leo
• Figaro
• Cider

Female Names for Orange Cats

• Lucy
• Marigold
• Mimosa
• Sansa
• Pippi
• Ariel
• (Queen) Elizabeth
• Annie
• Clementine
• Peaches

Male Names for Orange Cats

• Morris
• Rusty
• Ron
• Milo
• Conan
• Heathcliff
• Nemo
• Hobbes
• Garfield
• Mars

Black and Orange Names

• Tiger
• Ember
• Cinder
• Monarch
• Bandit
• Marbles
• Rusty
• Thomas
• Tigrat
• Monet

Orange and White Names

• Creamsicle
• Daisy
• Butterscotch
• Lightning
• Agave
• Cappucino
• Gerbera
• Harlequin
• Marmalade
• Venus

Funny Names for an Orange Cat

• Julius
• Nacho
• Carrot
• Blue
• Ketchup
• Infurrno
• Hermione Ginger
• Apricat
• Peter Paw
• Ron Fleasley

Cartoon-Inspired Names for Orange Cats

• Tigger (Winnie the Pooh)
• Simba (The Lion King)
• Nala (The Lion King)
• Puss in Boots (Shrek)
• Diego (Ice Age)
• Stimpy  (The Ren & Stimpy Show)
• Garfield
• Clawhauser (Zootopia)
• Tai Lung (Kung Fu Panda)
• Fritz (Fritz the Cat)

Movie Names for Orange Cats

• Lucille (Ball)
• Clawhauser (Zootopia)
• Crookshanks (Harry Potter)
• Ulysses (Inside Llewyn Davis)
• Goose (Captain Marvel)
• Thomasina (The Three Lives of Thomasina)
• Milo (Milo and Otis)
• Tonto (Harry and Tonto)
• Fred (Gifted)

Book-Inspired Names for Orange Cats

• Ms. Frizzle (Magic Schoolbus)
• Anne (Anne of Green Gables)
• Ron Weasley (Harry Potter)
• Pippi Longstocking
• Fancy Nancy
• Tintin (The Adventures of Tintin)
• Aslan (The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe)
• Madeline
• Glinda (The Wizard of Oz)
• Jamie Fraser (Outlander)

Cutes Names for Orange Cats

• Foxy
• Gingersnap
• Mai Tai
• Sunshine
• Goldfish
• Clownfish
• Pumpkin Pie
• Angel
• Honey
• Butterscotch

Irish Names for Orange Cats

• Clover
• Blarney
• Dublin
• Finnega
• Lucky
• Molly
• Murphy
• O’Reilly
• Orla
• Paddy

Food Names for Orange Cats

• Sweet Potato
• Mimosa
• Frito
• Creamsicle
• Amaretto
• Butternut
• Tang
• Squash
• Nacho
• Carrot

Historical Names for Orange Cats

• Alexander (The Great)
• Queen (Elizabeth I)
• Winston (Churchill)
• Galileo
• Mark (Twain)
• Mary (Magdalene)
• Florence (Nightingale)
• Cleopatra
• Genghis (Khan)
• Oliver (Cromwell)

Nature-Inspired Names for Orange Cats

• Copper
• Willow
• Reed
• Maple
• Misty
• Sunny
• Thunder
• Aura
• Cedar
• Birch

Gemstone Names for Orange Cats

• Jasper
• Pearl
• Jet
• Amber
• Garnet
• Onyx
• Quartz
• Crystal
• Amethyst
• Malachite

If you’re still having a tough time picking the perfect name for your orange cat, try our pet name generator to get personalized recommendations for your new family member!

The post 160 Orange Cat Names for Ginger-Colored Felines appeared first on Great Pet Care.

So, is your cat the loveliest, sweetest, most wonderful kitty on the planet? Does she need a name representative of her winning personality and charming nature? Look no further! Below you will find a list of good girl cat names for your sweet feline companion.

Prissy: Let’s start with something obvious. Prissy is a name that sets all the right expectations for a girl kitten.

Kitty: Another classic name for a female cat. You can also call her “Miss Kitty” on more formal occasions.

Daisy: A sweet name for a sweet girl, calling to mind open fields, pretty flowers, and beautiful days.

Baby: A name that just fits for the feline that will always be your baby. 

Bébé: A French twist on “Baby” that also tells everyone that you’re a fan of Schitt’s Creek and love Catherine O’Hara as Moira Rose.

Moira Rose: If Bébé doesn’t fit the bill, perhaps naming your sweet girl after Moira Rose herself will strike the right note. 

Princess Penelope Tunabreath: This name is very descriptive, bringing attention to your kitty’s regal manner and semi-gross breath all at the same time. 

Olivia: Olivia has been number one on the U.S. Census list of popular baby names for two years running! That means it’s the perfect name for a perfect girl cat. And any kitty called Olivia shares her name with Taylor Swift’s much beloved Scottish Fold.

Meredith: If Olivia doesn’t strike your fancy, you could name your lovely girl after Taylor Swift’s other Scottish Fold, Meredith.

Blanche: Your cat is your golden girl, and this name is a great way to thank her for being a friend.

Cleo: A shortened form of Cleopatra, Cleo is a name that brings to mind the grace, power, and wisdom of that famous queen of Egypt. It’s the ideal Egyptian cat name. 

Minnie: Is there a sweeter namesake than Minnie Mouse? We think not. It’s the ideal Disney cat name for the kitty who makes all your dreams come true.

Fancy: If your special gal is the epitome of elegance, the name Fancy is only fitting.

Mittens: This classic cat name is classic for a reason—it calls attention to your pretty kitty’s tiny, adorable feet. And really, can you imagine a cat named “Mittens” doing anything naughty?

Belle: Is your girl the belle of the ball? Then this beautiful name is perfect for her. 

Sorbet: This sweet treat is delicious inspiration for a good girl cat name. Plus, it’s a perfect food name for your cat.  

Marie: Maybe your cat should share her name with the feisty girl from The Aristocats. Marie was sweet, smart, and sassy—qualities we should all aspire to!

Nala: Another Disney-inspired name, Nala is the brave lioness from The Lion King who helps Simba reclaim Pride Rock. If your intrepid girl kitten needs a name that spotlights her adventurous nature, this is it!

Chantilly: Crème Chantilly is sweet whipped cream, making it the perfect name inspiration for a sweet kitty as well!

Sprinkles: Sprinkles is just an adorable name, and perfectly fitting for a cat that sprinkles joy into your life.

Zazzles: If you, like Sheldon Cooper, think that a certain cat is super zazzy, this is the obvious name for her. Just be sure to sing her favorite song, “Sleepy Kitty,” whenever it’s time for her to take a snooze. 

Ambrosia: In Greek mythology, ambrosia is the food of the gods. It’s also a beautiful sounding name for an elegant girl cat.

Strudel: We’ve always had a soft spot for cats named after food (as this list would indicate). This name is perfect for a little girl kitten who is as sweet as a pastry!

Frida: Frida Kahlo was a Mexican painter known for her fantastic and passionate self-portraits. She’s considered one of Mexico’s great artists. Any girl cat would be honored to carry her name. 

Birdy: There’s something a little funny about naming a cat Birdy, right? And it’s a super-cute name!

Coco: Is your cat seemingly channeling famed fashion designer Coco Chanel with her unending refinement and sophistication? This is the name for her.  

Persephone: Persephone is a beautiful name with a hint of darkness—she was Queen of the Underworld in Greek mythology, after all. The only downside to this name is that it’s a bit of a mouthful when you’re calling your girl kitty for dinner!

Paris: The City of Lights is great inspiration for a name when your kitty lights up your life. She’s as bright as the Eiffel Tower on a clear night!

The post 28 Good Girl Cat Names for Your Prissy Pet appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Dr. Adam Miller, a board-certified internal medicine specialist at NorthStar VETS in Robbinsville Township, N.J., says that for nutritional purposes, a cat is recognized as “senior” at just 7 to 8 years old, and is considered “geriatric” between the ages of 10 and 12. “However, it is important to keep in mind that cats can live for a very long time and it is not uncommon for my feline patients to be 18-22 years of age,” he adds.

So, is your cat celebrating his 7th birthday this year? It may be time to make the switch to senior food. Here’s all that you need to know.

Featured in this article

• Best Wet Food for Senior Cats: Purina Pro Plan Prime Plus (See Price)
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• Best Dry Food for Senior Cats: Blue Buffalo Healthy Aging (See Price)
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• Best Fresh Cat Food for Senior Cats: Smalls Human-Grade Fresh Cat Food (See Price)
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• Best Cat Food for Senior Cats with Kidney Disease: Darwin Intelligent Design Kidney Support (See Price)
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• Best Wet Cat Food for Geriatric Cats: Royal Canin Aging 12+ (See Price)
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• Best Cat Food for Senior Cats with Digestive Issues: Hill’s Science Diet Adult 7+ Perfect Digestion (See Price)
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• Best Bone Broth for Senior Cats: Open Farm Bone Broth Bundle (See Price)
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• Best Cat Treat for Senior Cats: Hartz Delectables Bisque Lickable Wet Cat Treats  (See Price)
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What Should Senior Cats Eat?

Senior cats’ nutritional needs are closely tied to their overall health. “Senior cats become less active and tend to have reduced lean body mass, which ultimately results in a lower basal metabolic rate,” Miller explains. “Additionally, senior cats are more prone to the development of diseases that alter nutritional requirements.” This means that a cat with chronic kidney disease will have different nutritional needs than a cat with gastrointestinal issues.

While there is no “one-size-fits-all” solution for senior cat nutrition, Miller notes that the most important food consideration for a senior cat is managing a consistent weight, which can impact longevity, and keeping your cat hydrated. “Aging can impair thirst drive. I typically recommend either transitioning to a moist diet or adding low salt broth, meat juices (i.e. tuna), or ‘pet drinks,’” he says.

Senior Cat Food vs. Regular Cat Food: What’s the Difference?

A recent study showed that senior cat foods generally differ from regular cat food in one major way: food marketed as “senior” cat food has significantly more fiber than “regular” cat food. Further, the study found no major difference in the crude protein, fat, and mineral concentrations between foods (1).

That doesn’t mean that all senior cat foods are the same – the amount of protein, fat, and fiber can vary greatly from brand to brand. Miller recommends that senior cats get a moderate protein diet, that is, food that is 30 to 45 percent crude protein. He also says that senior cats should get more calorically dense food. He again notes that a food that works for one cat may not work for another.“Every cat is an individual and there is no one diet that fits all cats. But, regardless of the formulation of the diet, I typically recommend higher protein, lower carbohydrate foods, and these can be in both wet and dry formulations.”

Senior Cat Food: What to Look For

Most commercially available cat foods will meet your pet’s nutritional needs. Miller explains, “Commercial cat foods meet certain base-level criteria for nutrition. I recommend foods manufactured by companies with long-established histories of making quality food, that consult with veterinary nutritionists, and have stringent quality control measures.”

While counting calories isn’t the most fun activity, Miller adds that cats should be consuming about 200 calories per day. “I recommend quantifying how many calories your cat is eating on a per-day basis so you can quickly recognize a decrease in appetite,” he says.

Further, if your senior cat is experiencing age-related health issues, you should talk to your veterinarian about which diet would be most beneficial.  

Best Senior Cat Food: 8 Great Options to Consider

All featured products are chosen at the discretion of the author. However, GreatPetCare may make a small affiliate commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Keeping in mind senior cats’ nutritional needs, here are some of the best senior cat foods, treats and toppers on the market.

Best Wet Food for Senior Cats 

Our pick: Purina Pro Plan Prime Plus

Purina Pro Plan Prime Plus Adult 7+ is our favorite wet food for senior cats. There are a few reasons this is the case. First is the food’s proprietary nutrient blend, which is specifically formulated to maintain and improve the health of cats 7 years of age or older. In particular, this food promotes lean muscle mass, which helps your senior cat maintain a healthy weight, which is critical to his overall well-being. It also supports a healthy immune system and contains microflora that contribute to a balanced digestive system. This Seafood Favorites Variety Pack comes in three different flavors—Ocean Whitefish & Salmon, Salmon & Tuna, and Cod & Shrimp–so Fluffy won’t get bored with his meals.

Highlights

• Grain-free and meat is the first ingredient
• Easy to find and inexpensive 
• Contains nutrients that support a balanced digestive system
• Contains vitamin A and taurine
• Formulated for cats age 7 and up
• Also available in Poultry & Beef Favorites Variety Pack

Things to Consider

• Only available as a pate, which some cats might not prefer
• Like all wet cat food, this needs to be refrigerated after opening
• Only available in 3-oz cans

Best Dry Cat Food for Senior Cats

Our pick: Blue Buffalo Healthy Aging

If your cat is partial to dry food, Blue Buffalo Healthy Aging is the way to go. Meat is the first ingredient and the high-quality protein helps cats maintain strong muscles. The food also contains whole grains, veggies, and fruit, ensuring your senior cat gets all the nutrients he needs to maintain his health. Blue Buffalo Healthy Aging is also formulated with taurine to support heart and eye health in aging cats. Further, the formula contains Blue’s “LifeSource Bits,” a blend of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals selected by holistic veterinarians and animal nutritionists for your cat’s immune system health.

Highlights

• First ingredient is chicken
• Contains vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants for immune system support
• Contains taurine, which helps support heart and eye health
• Proteins and carbohydrates help maintain your cat’s energy levels

Things to Consider

• Contains grains
• Dry food alone may not be enough for senior cats—make sure there is always fresh water available or pour water or a low-sodium broth into the kibble
• Kibble may be difficult for cats with dental problems to eat

Best Fresh Cat Food for Senior Cats

Our pick: Smalls Human-Grade Fresh Cat Food

25% off + free treats for life with code GPC5

Containing only USDA-certified, humanely harvested, sustainably sourced ingredients, Smalls is a subscription meal service for cats that offers high-in-protein, human-grade wet food with no fillers. Available in three “proteins”—chicken, beef, and turkey—and two textures, smooth and ground, this food is ideal for cats who can be a bit picky about what they eat. Even though this food isn’t specifically formulated for senior cats, we like it for older kitties for a few reasons. First, the food has super-high quality ingredients with a plethora of tastes and textures for even the pickiest cat. Second, the food is high-protein, which is a desirable trait for senior cat food. And third, we especially enjoy that Smalls is available via a delivery service, so you will never run out and have to rush to the store for your kitty’s supper. 

Highlights

• Shows up at your doorstep—no trip to the store required
• High-protein food without any fillers
• USDA-certified and sustainably sourced ingredients
• Made in the USA

Things to Consider

• Food arrives frozen and should only be thawed 24 hours before you are ready to use it
• Open wet food must be kept in the fridge and only keeps for 5-7 days
• This food is only available through a subscription service

Best Cat Food for Senior Cats with Kidney Disease

Our pick: Darwin Intelligent Design Kidney Support

As cats age, they sometimes develop chronic health problems. One of the most common issues in older cats is kidney disease (2), and there are foods specially formulated to help maintain kidney function. Our favorite of those is Darwin Intelligent Design Kidney Support. This recipe was formulated by experts in pet nutrition to provide a minimally processed cat food that maintains vital nutrients and is only available via prescription. Darwin only makes raw cat food, which means it isn’t cooked. It arrives at your house frozen, and you just thaw and serve!

Highlights

• Raw food created to be easy-to-digest
• Delivered to your door via subscription service
• Made from antibiotic-free and pesticide-free meats
• No grains, fillers, or chemical preservatives

Things to Consider

• Comes in 2-lb packages
• Arrives frozen
• Only available via subscription
• Requires a prescription

Best Wet Cat Food for Geriatric Cats

Our pick: Royal Canin Aging 12+

Cats that are really getting along in years have different nutritional requirements than those spritely 7-year-old senior cats. We like Royal Canin Aging 12+ for those “geriatric” kitties. Royal Canin canned formulas are designed around a cat’s nutritional needs and offer a balance of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. This food brand was also developed with long-term palatability and dietary satisfaction in mind. This means that it’s specifically formulated to entice your cat to eat, even when his interest in food might be naturally waning.

Highlights

• High levels of essential fatty acids, EPA, and DHA
• Reduced phosphorus levels support kidney health
• Soft wet food is easy on older cats’ teeth and gums

Things to Consider

• Contains grains
• Comes in a 1-oz. can
• Like all wet food, open cans must be stored in the fridge

Best Cat Food for Senior Cats with Digestive Issues

Our pick: Hill’s Science Diet Adult 7+ Perfect Digestion

If your cat isn’t pooping consistently or his stools are loose and runny, this might be the cat food that makes the biggest difference. This kibble from Hill’s Science Diet is meant for adult cats aged 7 and up, blending high-quality chicken with probiotics, whole grain oats, and pumpkin into a small-bite kibble that promotes proper digestion. It does so by creating a healthy microbiome in your cat’s digestive system, promoting overall digestive well-being. 

It also contains antioxidants and vitamins C and E.

Highlights

• Supports regular and healthy stools
• Cultivates a healthy gut microbiome
• Combines high-quality chicken with probiotics, antioxidants, and pumpkin

Things to Consider

• Contains grains
• Dry food alone may not be enough for senior cats—make sure there is always fresh water available or pour water or a low-sodium broth into the kibble
• Kibble may be difficult for cats with dental problems to eat
• Only for pets with digestive issues, not for every cat

Best Bone Broth for Senior Cats

Our pick: Open Farm Bone Broth Bundle

Save 20% off your first auto-ship order! Use code GPC20

Since senior cats can have a low thirst drive, consider pouring a savory bone broth onto your pet’s favorite wet or dry food to help keep him or her hydrated. Open Farm’s Bone Broth Bundle offers a buffet of tasty choices–Homestead Turkey, Harvest Chicken, and Grass-Fed Beef. Harvest Chicken Bone Broth is made with gently simmered chicken bones, carrots, pumpkin, parsley, turmeric, and cinnamon. The result is a delicious, collagen-rich topper that can help support digestive, skin and coat, and immune health. And you can rest easy knowing that this topper is free of antibiotics, salt, garlic, or onion.

Highlights

• Made with humanely farmed proteins raised without antibiotics
• Rich source of collagen to promote healthy joints and glycine for healthy liver
• 100 percent human-grade ingredients
• High protein, low fat
• Suitable for both cats and dogs

Things to Consider

• To be served as a topper
• Feed 2 tablespoons of broth daily for every 10 pounds body weight, or as desired
• Shake well before use
• Serve it cool or warm but not hot
• Refrigerate for up to 7 days after opening

Best Cat Treat for Senior Cats

Our pick: Hartz Delectables Bisque Lickable Wet Cat Treats 

If you want your senior cat to get an extra treat, Hartz Delectables Bisque Lickable Wet Cat Treats are a good option. The treat comes in a texture that entices your senior cat to eat every bite and is soft and moist so it won’t disturb any dental issues your cat may have. This treat comes in a senior formula that adds vitamin E and various B vitamins that support your cat’s health. 

Highlights

• Highly enticing texture and flavor for picky eaters
• Contains vitamin E and various B vitamins that support your cat’s health
• Available in a variety of flavors

Things to Consider

• This is a treat, not a meal replacement

Senior Cat Food: Tips and Advice

As you consider which food would work best for your senior cat, perhaps the most important factor is whether the food helps your cat maintain a consistent, healthy weight. “It is vital that senior cats stay at a healthy weight,” Miller says. “At checkups, your family veterinarian will check your cat’s weight, muscle tone, and body condition to make sure they’re not too lean or too overweight. To maintain good health, senior cats should eat enough appropriate food to maintain their weight. If you notice a change in your senior cat’s weight—either an increase or decrease—or if they stop eating and using the litter box, see your veterinarian as soon as possible.”

The post Best Senior Cat Food: 8 Options to Meet Your Aging Feline’s Nutritional Needs appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Dr. Jerry Klein, an emergency and critical care veterinarian with more than 35 years experience and chief veterinary officer of the American Kennel Club (AKC), explains that big dog breeds known for their fluffiness were no accident—they were bred that way to perform certain tasks and excel in specific environments. 

“When we’re talking about standard dog breeds, their physical attributes—like fur length and texture—aren’t arbitrary,” he says. “Those attributes are based on the function that those breeds were bred to have. Almost all of the big fluffy breeds were, at one time, working breeds.”

What Makes a Dog Fluffy?

Before we dive into the specific breeds, it’s worth covering what makes a dog fluffy. Heather Cameron, a certified dog groomer and owner of Good Dog Grooming in Glen Gardner, New Jersey, says that the fluffiest dog breeds have a double coat. “That means that their fur has two layers; an outer layer and an undercoat,” she explains.  

It’s the combination of the two that make fluffy dogs so fluffy.

Klein adds that the undercoat helps insulate dogs from cold and wet weather, which is especially important when a dog was bred for a certain kind of work.

10 Big Fluffy Dog Breeds

Ready to be overwhelmed by fluff? Here are 10 big, fully dog breeds you should know.

Alaskan Malamute

Alaskan Malamutes have “big, dense coats that are very, very thick to protect them from the extremely cold elements in Arctic climates,” Klein describes. 

These dogs are one of the oldest Arctic sled breeds and were bred to help transport goods over long distances. Alaskan Malamutes are typically a combination of white and either gray, black, or sable (brown or tan fur with black). They have white faces and big fluffy tails. 

Bernese Mountain Dog

While Bernese Mountain Dogs aren’t quite as furry as Alaskan Malamutes, they have a similar fur texture. “They’re from Switzerland, so they had to be accustomed to cold climates,” Klein explains. These dogs have a distinctive black, brown, and white coat and they shed a lot. 

Bernese dogs should be brushed weekly most of the years, but during shedding season they should be brushed daily to keep their coats looking great. 

Chow Chow

Though they aren’t the biggest dogs on this list, Chow Chows boasts an impressive amount of super-cuddly fur. 

One of the oldest dog breeds, Chow Chows originated in China and are known for the immense “lion’s-mane” ruff that goes around their head and shoulders. Chow Chows can have black, gray, brown, white, or red fur. They should be brushed at least twice a week and the wrinkles in their faces have to be cleaned regularly.

Collie

While Collies are on the smaller side of big fluffy dogs, they may be among the fluffiest, so we’re including them in this list. Collies should be brushed regularly to prevent matting.

“Collie fur is a little dryer than most fluffy dogs because of the terrain they were bred to function in,” Klein says. While most people picture collies as tan and white, they come in a variety of color combinations.

Great Pyrenees

Great Pyrenees dogs are big, fluffy fellows with long white fur. They were first bred hundreds of years ago in the Pyrenees Mountains to protect sheep. Their coats are tangle-resistant, but still require diligence from pet parents. As with other fluffy dog breeds, regular brushing will help keep shedding under control. 

Leonberger

Leonbergers are enormous dogs that can weigh up to 170 pounds. While they may look imposing, they’re generally sweet dogs and make good family pets. 

They are not low-maintenance, though. Leonberger dogs should be brushed every day, and benefit from a more thorough grooming at least once per week. These guys shed a lot, but daily brushing should help control the amount of fur left around the house.

Newfoundland

Black and white and furry all over, Newfoundland dogs were bred to be water rescue dogs. “The Newfoundland was basically meant to go in cold water and rescue people. They were often kept on boats,” explains Klein. “Their fur has a more water-resistant texture than other dogs and is a little oiler to better repel water,” 

Like most of the other dogs on this list, Newfoundlands should be brushed at least once a week.

Old English Sheepdog

These gray and white living balls of fluff are known for their easy-going nature. They are also one of the only double-coated dogs that may get trimmed at the groomer. “You almost never trim a double-coated dog,” Cameron says. “But we make an exception for Old English Sheepdogs. Otherwise, their fur would get out of control.” 

Between professional grooming sessions, pet parents should brush out Old English Sheepdogs on a weekly basis.

Samoyed

Samoyeds originated in Siberia, so a thick, warm coat was essential to their survival. Klein notes that Samoyeds have a similar coat to the Alaskan Malamute—a course and thick outer coat protecting a soft, wooly undercoat. Samoyeds are typically light-colored and also require daily brushing.

Tibetan Mastiff

The Tibetan Mastiff breed is so old that no one really knows when it actually originated. They do know where it originated, though: The Himalayas. 

“Some of the most difficult weather in the world is in the Himalayas,” Klein notes. “These very imposing guard dogs had to have a lot of fur to be able to weather that climate.” 

Tibetan Mastiffs have a wooly undercoat and their fur is actually pretty easy to maintain. They should be brushed out once a week and pet parents should untangle any knots they find.

How to Care for Your Big Fluffy Dog

Caring for a large dog with a whole lot of fur can be challenging, and people who are looking to bring a big fluffy dog into their homes should be sure they understand the care requirements of one of these cuddly beasts before taking the plunge.

Grooming Necessities

First and foremost, big fluffy dog parents must commit to regularly grooming their dogs—and that doesn’t mean a cursory, two-minute brushing once a month. “Many people don’t brush their dogs thoroughly enough, which means when it’s time for the dog to get groomed, things are usually much worse than they look,” Cameron says. “The top layer looks nice, but there’s sometimes more than two inches of fur that didn’t get brushed, and that can lead to mats, hotspots, and other skin and fur problems.” 

Mats in particular can be an issue for big fluffy dogs. They occur when fur becomes so knotted that it starts to pull on the dog’s skin. Klein says that if a fluffy dog has a mat, do not cut it with scissors; the risk of cutting your dog is too great. “You should gently work the mat apart with your fingers and be sure to brush it out completely,” he recommends.

When bathing a large dog with lots of fur, Klein also says that pet parents should be sure to rinse away all of the shampoo. “Rinsing a dog off should take longer than shampooing,” he says. “Shampoo that isn’t rinsed away can cause dry, flaky skin.”

Nutritional Needs

Beyond grooming, large fluffy dogs need to eat a solid diet to keep their skin and fur healthy. According to Klein, this shouldn’t be an issue if you feed your dog a high-quality dog food. 

“I think that these days, quality pet food manufacturers work really hard to include the right amount of nutrients,” he says. “However, if a large breed dog with lots of fur is on a low-quality diet, that could cause issues and you may need to supplement.”

Love and Cuddles

Above all else, pet parents should be prepared to shower their pup with love. “There’s a reason that big, fluffy dog breeds are so popular,” Klein says. “They are usually wonderful companions and the amount of joy they bring counteracts any excessive hair that you may have in your home. There’s just nothing better than snuggling up with them on a cold night.”

The post 10 Big Fluffy Dog Breeds You Can’t Help But Cuddle appeared first on Great Pet Care.

While kind of gross to think about, this isn’t actually a bad thing. Many of these microbiomes contain good bacteria that can help the body perform physiologic functions and protect against pathogens. 

So what does this all mean for your dog or cat? Well, your pet’s body contains microbiomes, which means their overall health and wellness can be impacted by those microbiomes, too. 

Many people take probiotics to keep their gut microbiome balanced and some pet parents are starting to wonder if Fido or Fluffy would benefit from the same.

There’s a fast-growing market for pet probiotics. But, like any emerging science, pet parents would do well to learn a bit more about them before starting to administer these supplements to their dogs and cats. 

What are Probiotics for Dogs and Cats?

“Probiotics are live organisms that help promote or improve the health of the gastrointestinal flora (bacteria) after they are ingested in appropriate quantities,” explains Karah Burns DeMarle, DVM, a doctor on the internal medicine team at NorthStar VETS Emergency, Trauma, and Specialty practice in New Jersey. 

Probiotics are sometimes confused with prebiotics, which are the non-digestible food ingredients that nourish good bacteria in the gut [3]. The fact that probiotics are alive is what differentiates them from prebiotics. 

While the veterinary community generally agrees that probiotics can be beneficial for certain health issues and ailments, it’s still a relatively new area of study. 

“There are many different theories about how they actually work,” Burns DeMarle says. “[One theory involves] increasing the numbers of ‘good bacteria’ in the gut, which changes the environment and makes it more difficult for pathogenic bacteria to grow.”

This means that probiotics have the potential to benefit your pet’s digestive health, preventing different types of intestinal distress. According to Medical Director Ronald Hamilton, DVM, of the Gulf Coast Veterinary Center in Tampa, Florida, probiotics can help restore balance to the gut’s microflora after it becomes disturbed — such as after taking antibiotics or eating something that affects the microbiome’s ecosystem. “[Probiotics] work by displacing pathogenic or potentially disease-causing bacteria with those that have potentially beneficial effects,” says Hamilton.

Further, there is data that suggests that the health of your pet’s gut microbiome can impact not just gastrointestinal health, but also overall health, affecting allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease, to name a few [4]

5 Myths Behind Probiotics for Dogs and Cats

While pet probiotics are a relatively new addition to many pet health and wellness regimens, plenty of myths and misinformation have taken hold since they emerged. 

Here are five of the biggest myths pet parents should know about probiotics for pets—and the facts that dispel them.

Myth 1: Probiotics are a cure-all.

Administering probiotics does not guarantee your pet’s good health. There still isn’t much scientific data about how probiotics work in pets. “We do not fully understand the complexity of the microbiome in dogs and cats, and therefore our knowledge on the true benefits of probiotics in these species are lacking,” Burns DeMarle says. “There have been multiple studies looking at the efficacy of these products in our small animal companions and the results are extremely variable.”

She adds that while more research is warranted, she believes that probiotics can positively impact patients’ health and doesn’t see any harm in recommending them. “I do think that they have potential to help. Have I used them in my patients? Absolutely.”

Myth 2: All probiotics are the same.

The amount and variety of bacteria that inhabit our pets’ microbiomes is simply staggering. As such, not all probiotics are the same, and different strains of bacteria have different effects on the host.

Here’s just one illustration of how that translates to the real world:  “There have been multiple studies in the veterinary literature that have assessed the use of probiotics for different health conditions in cats and dogs,” Burns DeMarle says. “Enterococcus faecium has been shown to increase the diversity of bacteria in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Other potential uses include canine atopic dermatitis, feline herpes virus infections, and chronic kidney disease.”

While many veterinarians, like Burns DeMarle, may agree that it is worth pet probiotics a try, that doesn’t mean just any probiotic will do. Pet parents can research the specific strains that address their pet’s health issues or ask their veterinarian for recommendations. As with medications, be sure to monitor time and amount of the probiotic dose, and track any health changes to measure impact.     

Myth 3: Probiotics are highly regulated.

Both Hamilton and Burns DeMarle stress that probiotics are not well regulated and that pet parents cannot always believe what is on the label. 

“Probiotics are not drugs and therefore are not regulated as tightly. Studies have shown that many of these products have claims on their labels that are not supported by appropriate research,” Burns DeMarle explains.

Hamilton adds that several companies manufacture untested probiotics and that the strains listed on the bottle are not necessarily the strains in the bottle. 

Further, a study from the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association showed that out of 13 probiotics, only two had labels that accurately described what sort of organisms and concentrations were in the products. [5]

In the absence of regulations against misleading or just plain deceptive probiotics claims, the amount of information on the product label and the level of detail are two key clues that can help pet parents figure out if they’re dealing with a reputable manufacturer. Look for labels that contain “specific (and valid) bacterial names (genus and species), with no spelling errors and a clear statement of the number of viable organisms that are expected.” [7] 

Myth 4: The number of live cultures at the time of manufacture is the number of live cultures you’ll get.

For probiotics to be effective, they must still be alive. Many commercially-available probiotics will claim each dose had a certain number of live cultures “at the time of manufacture.” This is a misleading claim because that number is not necessarily true by the time the probiotic reaches the consumer. Depending on a supplement’s shelf life, half of those cultures or more could be dead by the time it reaches consumers. If a pet parent sees this verbiage on a probiotic label, it’s a red flag. 

Once again, probiotics are not well regulated. Medical professionals have been calling for improved quality control in probiotics for some time (6) and pet owners must be diligent regarding sourcing their supplements from trusted brands.

Myth 5: All probiotic pet food has the same benefits as probiotic supplements.

Veterinarians note that store-bought pet foods touting the addition of “live cultures” may not deliver on that promise. Keeping probiotics viable in commercial pet food requires careful attention to the organisms’ stability during manufacturing, shipping, and storage, which is not always an easy matter for pet food manufacturers.

If the idea of probiotic pet food seems like a win-win to you, be sure to do your research and make sure “probiotic” isn’t just a buzzword on the packaging. Look for language that speaks to the importance of strain stability and whether the product has been tested to ensure the probiotics are robust enough to survive commercial manufacturing practices. A high-quality pet food, produced by a reputable manufacturer with attention to research and development, is more likely to contain viable probiotics than a pet food manufacturer without a full scientific team.

How to Find the Right Probiotic for Your Pet

Even with all of these myths debunked, pet probiotics remains a complex topic. So how can pet parents navigate the potential benefits while avoiding the pitfalls?

Burns DeMarle and Hamilton agree that pet parents looking to start their dog or cat on probiotics should consult with their veterinarian to find the correct strain and the best manufacturer. 

“Although [probiotics] are not drugs and a prescription is not required, a veterinarian can help guide pet parents as to which product may actually be the most beneficial to their pet. Additionally, their veterinarian can help direct them toward a product from a reputable manufacturer,” Burns DeMarle concludes.

The post 5 Myths Behind Probiotics for Dogs and Cats appeared first on Great Pet Care.

“Like people, dogs are shaped by their background and their environment,” says Dr. Christopher W. Shapley, DVM CVA CVCH, who specializes in integrated medicine at NorthStar VETS Veterinary Emergency, Trauma, and Specialty Center in New Jersey. “While every dog is an individual, there are certain breeds that are more likely to be calm than others.” 

Want to learn more about some of the best calm dog breeds? Keep reading!

8 Most Calm Dog Breeds

If you’re looking to add a calm canine to your family, here are eight chill breeds to consider. 

Basset Hounds

Known for their big floppy ears and adorable sad eyes, Basset Hounds are also regarded as one of the most calm dog breeds out there. 

Originating in France and Belgium, these dogs were bred to be superior trackers and hunting partners. Standing at a maximum of 14 inches at the top of their shoulders, Basset Hounds are low to the ground—the better for sniffing out game like rabbit and deer. In fact, in the world of domestic canines, only the Bloodhound has a better nose.

As far as looks go, Basset Hounds come in a variety of color combinations, including black, tan, brown, and white. They usually weigh between 40 and 65 pounds. 

Basset Hounds are typically very easygoing, friendly toward people and other dogs, and known to be good with children. They can be lazy and stubborn, which makes them prone to obesity, so owners should be prepared to work a little harder to ensure their Basset Hound gets enough exercise.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels offer a lot of love in a small package. A toy breed, these little guys usually don’t get bigger than 18 pounds and are well-known lap warmers and snugglers. They’re also generally good with children and other dogs, making them an ideal family pet.

As far as looks go, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels have a distinct appearance, with long silky fur and big warm eyes. Their coats can be a combination of brown, black, chestnut, red, and white, and there are four distinct color patterns, each of which was, at one time, associated with a noble English family.  They get their name from King Charles I of Britain, who was a major fan of the breed.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels require moderate exercise, but they are also very happy to be couch potatoes.

Pekingese

Originally bred by Chinese Emperors and their courtiers, Pekingese are known for having a friendly and loving personality. 

These are the smallest dogs on this list, with a height of 6 to 9 inches and weight topping out at just 14 pounds. They’re also one of the most striking, with a voluminous double coat that’s longest around the head and shoulders, giving the appearance of a lion’s mane. It probably isn’t a surprise that Pekingese dogs’ coats require a lot of upkeep to ensure they remain in top-top shape.

Pekingese tend to bond strongly with their families, but it is worth noting that they do not suffer fools and will not tolerate rough handling by small children. They make really good watchdogs and will sound the alarm if there are intruders.

English Bulldogs

English Bulldogs are extremely mellow dogs, with a reputation for being friendly, outgoing, and loyal. This breed is short and stocky and individuals can weigh up to 55 pounds. They have short and glossy fur that comes in a wide range of colors and patterns.

Caring for an English Bulldog can be challenging. This is because these dogs are brachycephalic, which means they have a flat face and a pushed-in snout. As a result, English Bulldogs can find it difficult to breathe if they over-exert themselves. They also do not do well when it’s hot outside, so if you’re thinking about adopting an English Bulldog, be sure you have an air-conditioned room for him to lounge in on hot summer days. 

A quick additional note: The English Bulldog is a much calmer dog breed compared to the French Bulldog.

Greyhounds

While they may be the fastest dog breed, Greyhounds are not just speed demons—they’re also sweet and gentle companions.

A calm medium dog breed, Greyhounds usually weigh between 60 and 70 pounds and grow to about 30 inches in height. They come in a wide variety of colors and markings. Most impressively, these dogs can run up to 45 miles per hour!

Even though these dogs are known for their speed, most of the time, Greyhounds are perfectly happy to lounge around and hang out with their humans. That said, these dogs require regular exercise, including ample opportunities to run around at top speed. They also have a high prey drive, so it is imperative to keep Greyhounds leashed when they’re not in an enclosed area.

With a 5,000-year history, Greyhounds are also one of the oldest dog breeds. Their likeness has been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to about 3000 B.C.

Irish Wolfhounds

We’ve talked about calm small dog breeds, now let’s go to the other end of the spectrum with calm large dog breeds! Irish Wolfhounds, despite their intimidating name and even more intimidating stature, are some of the sweetest dogs you’ll ever meet.

Measuring at about 35 inches at the shoulder and weighing up to 180 pounds, these dogs were originally bred as big game hunters. They have a shaggy dual coat consisting of a wiry outercoat and a softer undercoat, which requires regular brushing to keep in good condition.

Irish Wolfhounds are very calm, but it is not recommended to have a Wolfhound around small children, as their size can make them dangerous when playing.

Before deciding to add an Irish Wolfhound to your family, consider that feeding these dogs is more costly than other, smaller breeds, since they require more food. Wolfhounds also have a short lifespan when compared to the other dogs on this list, usually only 6 to 8 years.

Bernese Mountain Dogs

These striking dogs were built to work, but Bernese Mountain Dogs are also some of the nicest doggos you’ll ever have the pleasure to meet. Their breed standards note that “Berners” are “gentle, easygoing, and tolerant.” They’re good with children and thrive around people. 

Berners are large dogs, weighing up to 115 pounds and measuring up to 27.5 inches at the shoulder. They have a heavy coat and enjoy cold weather. Like Bulldogs, however, they don’t do well in excessive heat, and it’s recommended that Bernese Mountain Dogs have an air-conditioned space to hang out in during the hot summer months.

Originally bred as farm dogs who herded cattle and protected livestock, Bernese Mountain Dogs require space to exercise and mental stimulation. It’s recommended they get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise each day.

Newfoundlands

We have one more supersized and super sweet big calm dog breed on this list: Newfoundlands. These gentle giants can weigh up to 150 pounds and are known for devoted to their people. As far as appearance goes, Newfies’ coats come in a variety of colors, including gray, brown, black, and black and white. Their fur is coarse and requires weekly brushing to maintain.

Newfoundlands are good with people, good with children, and good with other dogs. In fact, the breed standards for Newfoundlands state that a “sweet temperament is the most important single characteristic of the breed.” They’re vigilant watch dogs and have a reputation as excellent “nanny dogs” for kids. 

While Newfoundlands are considered calm, they do require moderate exercise to remain happy and healthy. They’re built for outdoor activities and especially enjoy swimming. 

Calm Dog Breeds: Tips and Advice

While the calmer dog breeds mentioned above are known for their relaxed demeanors, that doesn’t mean that caring for these dog breeds is easier or less labor-intensive than caring for other, high-energy breeds.

“Don’t think that just because old Duke likes to lay on the couch that he doesn’t have any other needs. Calmer dogs might be slow starters, but they need exercise, mental stimulation, and love and attention just like every other dog,” Dr. Shapley notes. “And, because these dogs are loungers, they can get progressively lazy, which can in turn lead to health issues like obesity and depression.”

Make sure that your dog is always getting the right amount of physical activity, Dr. Shapley advises. “You have to get them up and moving, even if they don’t want to,” he says. “And you have to put in the time. The distance you travel on a walk doesn’t matter; it’s the time you spend. It’s the same with mental stimulation. It’s not the number of toys, it’s the amount of time those toys occupy your dog.”

It can be very easy to fall into bad habits and rely too much on treats as your primary form of social engagement with a calm dog, he adds. “If a calm dog is getting a treat, more than any other dog, you need to make sure that they work for it, mentally and physically.”

In addition, a dog being calm doesn’t mean that they won’t ever disobey you or act unpredictably. “You can’t let your guard down, because something in the environment could grab their attention and cause them to bolt off or react in some way to another dog or person,” Shapley explains. “Remember, all dogs are individuals, and even the calmest ones aren’t calm all the time.”

The post 8 Calm Dog Breeds for Peace and Quiet  appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Milk isn’t necessarily the best method of hydration for your feline friend, and some cats can’t drink it at all. 

So, can you give your cat milk? More importantly, should you? Let’s do a deeper dive.

Can You Give Milk to Cats?

Let’s cut right to the chase—you can give cats milk, but pet parents should take care and do so in moderation.

“You can give milk to some cats in small quantities,” says Dr. Sarah Wallace, a veterinarian based in the Washington, D.C.-area.“It should comprise less than 10 percent of your cat’s daily food intake. If you give them more than that 10 percent, then you may throw off their diet.” 

This advice is based on your cat getting all the nutrition they need from their food. Because more isn’t necessarily better. For instance, an excess intake of calcium from milk can cause a deficiency in phosphorus. So, you don’t want to let your cat drink milk often, and no more than 10 percent of their daily calories at any one time, to make sure their diet remains balanced.

Dr. Jon Rappaport, co-medical director of the Advanced Veterinary Care Center in Davie, Florida, concurs, adding that milk is not a nutritionally balanced food. “Providing a large portion of the cat’s caloric intake in the form of milk may dilute out essential nutrients,” he says.

Some cats digest milk better than others. Rappaport explains that giving milk to a cat who cannot digest it may have some adverse effects, including vomiting, diarrhea, gassy bowels, abdominal discomfort and cramping, and flatulence. 

Can Cats Digest Milk?

While many cats can handle a little bit of milk, that doesn’t mean it’s easily digested—or even digested at all.  

“Most adult cats are lactose intolerant, meaning they do not have the digestive enzyme—lactase—needed to digest the sugar in milk—lactose,” says Rappaport. “The sugar then remains in the digestive tract and can contribute to fermentation, which can cause problems.” 

Those problems, says Wallace, include pulling extra liquid into the digestive tract, which can cause diarrhea. 

“That happens in some cats more readily than others,” she notes. “In turn, diarrhea can cause dehydration and decreased absorption of vitamins and minerals.”

Kittens are better equipped to digest milk than adult cats, as they have more lactase in their systems. However, the enzyme disappears quickly as they get older. According to a 2019 study, most cats cease producing lactase entirely by the time they’re 12 months old (1). This means the vast majority of cats can only tolerate a very small amount of lactose before they get symptoms.

When Is Milk Okay for Cats?

If your cat can drink milk without adverse effects, it’s fine to give your feline some milk as a treat.  

“I’m generally a supporter of feeding our pets pet food and ourselves people food. I tend not to mix the two,” Rappaport notes. “With that said, feeding very small amounts of milk or milk alternatives to cats that have no adverse gastrointestinal effects is not expected to pose a great problem. Everything in moderation.” 

Beyond appealing to cats as a treat, milk can also have therapeutic benefits. “A low-fat milk can serve as a source of hydration for cats who have a hard time seeing water in their bowl and don’t drink that much to begin with,” adds Wallace. “I’ve also heard of doctors using it to entice cats with health issues to eat more.” Remember, though, that there are cat-safe milks out there without lactose, and these are likely better for your cat.

Some veterinarians might also recommend milk in small quantities for cats dealing with constipation. 

“The lactose in milk pulls water into the intestines and can help move things along,” says Wallace. “You don’t want to give them diarrhea, but if you can find the right balance, it can work really well and you don’t have to give the cat any medications.” 

However, it’s important to remember that there are lots of causes of constipation in cats. Before giving your cat milk at home, make sure to speak to your veterinarian to determine the root cause.  

What About Non-Dairy Milk for Cats?

There are many non-dairy milks out there for humans including oat milk, almond milk, coconut milk, cashew milk, and soy milk. But are these non-dairy milk products safe for cats? 

According to Wallace and Rappaport, the answer is, mostly, yes. 

“These products don’t contain lactose, and therefore there is not a lactose intolerance issue,” Rappaport says. “However, they might have artificial sweeteners, added sugars, artificial flavor additives, and/or preservatives, which may not be beneficial to your pets.”

Wallace agrees that additives in non-dairy milk products are what pet parents should avoid and watch for on labels. “As long as you’re offering milks without a lot of additives, I think they should be ok,” she says. “However, I would caution that every cat is different, and while one cat may not be sensitive to almond milk, another could be. There is a lot of variation from individual to individual.”

Some of the milks, in particular those made from nuts, can be high in fats. Eating nuts has been known to cause pancreatitis in dogs—so it’s worth being cautious in cats.

Reasons Not to Give Your Cat Milk

Beyond the aforementioned adverse effects, there are a few reasons you should limit your cat’s milk intake. First, milk has a lot of fat, which Rappaport cautions can cause cats to gain weight.

“Products such as 2 percent and whole milk contain higher amounts of fat, which can lead to weight gain, and many of our feline friends are overweight to begin with,” he says. 

Milk also contains sugar. “Sugar is bad for cats’ health just like it’s bad for ours,” Wallace says. In fact, cats are very prone to diabetes when overweight or on a high-sugar diet, so it’s best to take care. 

Milk with sugar substitutes, like xylitol, can also produce adverse reactions in cats. “Although cats may not experience the same toxic effect to xylitol that dogs do, that doesn’t mean I would advocate giving xylitol or any product with added sugar to cats,” Wallace adds. 

Other possible side effects of regularly ingesting milk could include acute gastroenteritis (inflammation of the digestive tract), colitis (inflammation of the colon), irritable bowel syndrome, loss of appetite, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration.

The post Can You Give Cats Milk? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

But, not all bad breath is created equal. Sometimes, bad breath in dogs is caused by your dog raiding the kitchen trash can or getting into your cat’s litter box (ewww). If that’s the case, bad breath should pass. Other times, though, your dog’s bad breath could be the sign of a serious illness.  

Let’s explore the causes of bad breath in dogs, discuss options for getting rid of it at home, and when it’s best to give your veterinarian a call. 

Causes of Bad Breath In Dogs

Bad breath—also called halitosis—in dogs can have many causes. Poor oral hygiene, nutrition, and underlying health issues can all impact breath, according to Dr. Sarah Wallace, a veterinarian based near Washington, D.C.

Wallace notes that the best-case scenario for a dog’s breath is that it doesn’t smell like anything. “It may briefly smell like what they just ate, especially if it’s something like garbage,” she says. “But healthy mouths just smell like nothing.”

If your dog’s breath does smell bad, chances are that he has periodontal disease caused by poor oral hygiene. “This is overwhelmingly the main cause of bad breath in dogs,” Wallace says. 

Periodontal disease often starts out as gingivitis, which is the inflammation of the gums. As gingivitis progresses into periodontal disease, bad bacteria start to accumulate in your dog’s mouth, which causes foul smells.  

“If periodontal disease is the root cause, that means that the bacteria living in your dog’s mouth have gotten under the gums around the teeth and are eating away the connection between the two,” says Wallace. “As those bacteria go through their metabolic cycle, they give off sulfur. It’s their waste, and that’s what’s causing the bad breath smell.”  

She adds that untreated periodontal disease in dogs can cause loose and broken teeth and dental pain. 

While any dog can develop oral disease, small-jawed and flat-faced (brachycephalic) dog breeds are more likely to suffer from mouth-related ailments because their teeth are closer together. Wallace notes that these types of dogs are also more prone to tooth and jaw abnormalities. “Flat-faced dogs often have skeletal deformities,” she says. “Technically speaking, a (purposefully bred) skeletal deformity is why their faces are flat, and it creates tooth arrangements that aren’t conducive to good oral health.”

Small breeds in general often suffer from an increased incidence of periodontitis. Big dogs are affected too—though Greyhounds appear to have above-average chances of getting periodontitis.

While bad breath in dogs can be caused by periodontal disease or a dog simply eating garbage or poop, bad breath may also be a symptom of certain diseases. 

Wallace says that vets can use your dog’s breath to raise suspicion of certain diseases. “If a dog has an intestinal obstruction—maybe from eating a sock or a toy that then gets stuck in the intestines—it’s very common for that dog’s breath to smell like a sewer,” she describes. “If a dog’s breath has sort of a sweet, fruity smell, it could mean that he has diabetes.” 

If bad breath comes with other symptoms, such as low energy, vomiting, a lack of appetite, or obvious jaw pain (your dog jerks away or starts chattering his teeth if you touch his mouth), Wallace says it’s time to visit the veterinarian.

How to Treat Bad Breath in Dogs

Different causes of bad breath require different treatments. An intestinal blockage may require surgery to remove the foreign object. Diabetes requires a specialized diet and potentially an insulin regimen. Kidney disease needs careful dietary management. Once the problem is treated, the bad breath should clear up or minimize. 

If your dog has been cleared of an underlying health condition, though, most bad breath in dogs is treated with a thorough dental cleaning. This is a very common procedure in veterinary offices due to the prevalence of periodontal disease in dogs. 

Wallace explains that dogs need to be anesthetized for oral exams and dental treatment, so the veterinarian can take X-rays and do a thorough cleaning. 

“We need to be able to see what is going on under the gums, and the only way to do that is with an X-ray,” she says. “If you can’t see below the gum line, you’re only getting half the story. The outside can look perfect, but there may still be severe oral disease below the gums.” 

Once a dog is under anesthesia, a veterinarian is also able to do a thorough dental cleaning, getting rid of the bacteria that causes decay and bad breath.

Wallace also notes that she has noticed anesthesia-free dental cleaning being offered at groomers and clinics, but does not recommend them to her patients. “They can get tartar off your dog’s teeth, which makes the teeth look clean, but that’s not where the problem is and that’s not where the bad breath is coming from.”

Home Remedies for Dogs with Bad Breath

Wallace says that the best defense against dog halitosis is a toothbrush. 

“Getting your dog used to daily tooth brushing is invaluable when it comes to preventing periodontal disease,” she says. “It works exactly the same way for dogs as it does for people—you’re removing plaque and stimulating the gums. This prevents the build up of bacteria and strengthens the dog’s oral health so that his immune system can fight off bacteria.”  

Tooth brushing should start when your dog is a puppy so that he can get used to it as a part of his daily routine. You should use a canine toothbrush, as they’re stronger and less likely to break if accidentally chewed. You’ll also need canine toothpaste. It’s gravy or chicken flavored, to make it more fun, and doesn’t contain fluoride. You should never use human toothpastes on dogs, as the high fluoride levels can be toxic to animals. Only use a toothpaste specifically made for pets. 

If your dog isn’t amenable to a toothbrush, Wallace suggests trying cheesecloth or even just your finger. “Dog toothpaste tastes good, so they shouldn’t fight you too much, and even just getting the enzymes from the toothpaste onto your dog’s teeth can help.”

Wallace also recommends dental treats, which helps keep the surface of teeth clean and stimulates the gums. “They aren’t quite on the level of a toothbrush, but they work well and help fight bacteria,” she notes. They can carry a lot of calories, though, so shouldn’t be used in pets that are obese, and the diet needs to be adjusted to account for the additional calories.

There are also anti-plaque water additives and food additives, though Wallace cautions that many of them don’t work as advertised. “If you want to try a water additive, look for one that is approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council,” she says. Specialized diets, also listed on the VOHC website, can be used, and are especially useful for dogs that resist brushing.

How to Prevent Bad Breath in Dogs

Depending on the cause, preventing bad breath in your dog may be as easy as getting a locking trash can lid or keeping him out of the area where you keep your cat’s litter box.  

If the bad breath is caused by periodontal disease, your best bet is to combat its progression with a combination of daily tooth brushing, dental treats, and annual dental checkups and cleanings.  

“Don’t put anything off. Start maintaining oral health when they’re puppies and make dental X-rays a part of your annual checkup,” says Wallace. “Tooth brushing and dental treats should help prevent dental disease, not be your main course of treatment.” 

She admits that X-rays can be expensive, running between $700 and $1,200, but stresses that staying ahead of dental issues will cost less in the long run.  

“Bad breath may be the least of your problems,” says Wallace. “Tooth removal—if the dental disease progresses enough—can cost up to $100 a tooth, and your dog will be in horrible pain until that tooth is removed.”

The post How to Get Rid of Your Dog’s Bad Breath appeared first on Great Pet Care.

But think twice before giving your dog that steak. While treating your pup can be fun, pet parents should know that fatty, human foods can bring on an attack of pancreatitis. 

This condition can cause severe abdominal pain, and in certain cases may lead to overnights at your veterinary hospital and ongoing health problems. But what is pancreatitis exactly? And how is it treated if your dog is suffering from it? We’re here to help you make sense of this condition.

What Is Pancreatitis in Dogs?

Pancreatitis happens when a dog’s pancreas gland is inflamed, says Dr. Karlin Erk, an emergency veterinarian at The Center for Animal Referral and Emergency Services (CARES) in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. The pancreas assists the body in processing food.  

“The pancreas is a gland in the abdomen that has a few major functions including secretion of digestive enzymes into the gut and secretion of hormones—insulin especially—into the bloodstream,” he says. 

Types of Pancreatitis in Dogs

Erk notes that there are two types of pancreatitis in dogs—acute and chronic. 

“Acute means it has come on suddenly, and chronic implies a more long-term condition that can wax and wane with time,” he says. “Acute pancreatitis is generally more serious and can sometimes cause life-threatening systemic complications.”

What Causes Pancreatitis in Dogs?

Erk says that veterinarians aren’t always able to pinpoint the exact cause of a specific instance of pancreatitis, but there are factors known to incite an attack. 

“We know there is a strong dietary influence on pancreatitis, specifically dogs that are fed a high fat diet or get into something they shouldn’t have, like a turkey carcass,” he explains. 

Dr. Sarah Wallace, a veterinarian based in Washington, D.C., with a background in dog nutrition, says that even feeding dogs one-time treats, like a piece of fatty steak from the table, can kick off an attack of pancreatitis. “Don’t feed your dog human food from the table. It can cause an attack, especially if the dog’s diet isn’t very well controlled,” she says.

Beyond diet, research shows that there is a connection between dog pancreatitis and diabetes (1). Erk says these dogs are much more prone to pancreatitis than the general population, and that he often sees the two conditions together. 

Any dog can get pancreatitis, regardless of breed, but Erk adds that Miniature Schnauzers are more likely to develop the condition because they are prone to chronically high lipid levels, which is a contributing factor.

Symptoms of Pancreatitis in Dogs

Wallce says that pancreatitis is a painful condition, so dogs may guard their stomachs or react negatively to touching. “A dog may harden his abdominal muscles to protect his belly,” she says. “And if you get too close, he could react, either by vocalizing or even biting.”

She adds that drooling might also be a sign of pancreatitis, because it indicates nausea. 

Other signs of pancreatitis, according to Erk, include:

• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy
• Diarrhea

Diagnosing Pancreatitis

Wallace says that pancreatitis is typically diagnosed through a blood test or body imaging—or both. 

“After a physical exam, the veterinarian will usually do a combination of imaging and blood panel. The imaging could be an X-ray or an ultrasound,” she says.

Diagnostic imaging can also rule out other conditions that may present like pancreatitis, such as an intestinal obstruction. 

The specific blood test used to look for pancreatitis in dogs scans for  pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, or PLI. It tests for an enzyme called lipase, which is released by the pancreas to digest food in a dog’s intestines.  

“When the pancreas is inflamed and upset, it releases more of this enzyme, which then gets absorbed into the bloodstream,” says Wallance. “If there’s an elevated lipase level, chances are that your pet is suffering from pancreatitis.”

Pancreatitis in Dogs Treatment

Once your dog has been diagnosed with pancreatitis, the next steps are pretty open-ended. 

“There is no definitive therapy for pancreatitis,” Erk says. “Veterinarians focus on supportive care, specifically intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, anti-nausea medications, and pain medications.” 

Wallace says fluid support is especially important. “You have to make sure that the pancreas and all of the organs are getting enough blood and oxygen to function properly. Since many dogs with pancreatitis are experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, they’re losing fluids, so you have to make an effort to keep them hydrated.”

In addition to hydration and fluid therapy, veterinarians focus on counteracting nausea. Wallace explains that veterinarians may prescribe an antacid or anti-nausea medication. Your pet may also need to take pain medication if diagnosed with pancreatitis. 

Medications Used to Treat Pancreatitis in Dogs

• Omeprazole (antacid)
• Cerenia (anti-nausea medication)
• Pain medications
• Antibiotics (only used in severe cases to prevent bacteria from entering the bloodstream)

Since pancreatitis is a painful condition, Wallace says that pet parents should try to make their dogs comfortable during the recovery process.  

“Bring them extra blankets and cozy bedding. Bring their food and water to them—don’t make them get up,” she says. “Eating and drinking is important to their recovery, so any way you can get them to eat is good.”

General Cost of Treatment

The cost of treatment for pancreatitis in dogs can vary depending on your location and veterinary provider. It also depends on the severity of the attack and the recommended treatment plan. 

However, Wallace offers the following cost estimates for treating pancreatitis in dogs: 

• Exam/testing: $60-$100
• Hospitalization (recommended to get fluids into a dehydrated dog): $1,000-$2,000 a day, includes personalized nursing care, medication, and getting regular exams from the veterinarian
• Medications: $100-$300
• Low-fat diet: $50-$100/month

How to Prevent Pancreatitis

Both Erk and Wallace note that a low-fat diet is key to managing pancreatic health. 

“Refraining from feeding your dog human food, like table scraps, is one of the most important things,” says Erk. “Maintaining a healthy body condition and preventing obesity is likewise important.” 

If your dog has other health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, work with your veterinarian to get these well managed. Your veterinarian may also prescribe medications that may help prevent future recurrences of pancreatitis. These can include anti-nausea medications, pentoxifylline, anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants or nutritive supplements like omega 3 fatty acids.

Related Conditions 

• Gallbladder Disease
• Liver Disease in Dogs 
• Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
• Diabetes mellitus

The post Pancreatitis in Dogs appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Scooping poop is by no means a pleasant task, but the state of your cat’s litter box can provide insight into his health. For example, you might notice that there isn’t anything to scoop for several days, which could mean that your cat is constipated. 

Yes, like people, cats can get constipated. While most cases of cat constipation aren’t particularly serious, there are times where the condition requires veterinary attention. 

Here’s everything you need to know at cat constipation, including causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

What is Cat Constipation?

If your cat is constipated, it means he isn’t pooping regularly or he’s having difficulty emptying his bowels. Cats typically defecate one to three times per day, so if you notice that it’s been more than a day or two since new poop has appeared in the litter box, it’s time to start really watching your cat’s bathroom habits for further symptoms.

A cat who occasionally goes a day or two without defecating shouldn’t cause much worry, but if the lack of feces is ongoing and you start noticing further symptoms—like your cat straining to go without success or crying as he uses the litter box—it could indicate that a bowel obstruction has become severely impacted and that it’s time to visit your veterinarian (1). In extreme cases, untreated constipation can be fatal.

Causes of Constipation in Cats

Feline constipation is usually idiopathic, meaning there is no identifiable cause, says Dr. Karlin Erk, an emergency veterinarian at The Center for Animal Referral and Emergency Services in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. “However, there are certainly factors that can contribute to constipation, including disease and nutrition,” he says.

For example, constipation is common in older cats with chronic kidney disease. “The kidney insufficiency causes subclinical dehydration, and this draws water out of the colon just like all other tissues in the body,” Erk says. “The result is hard and dry fecal material that is harder to excrete.”

Obesity can also play a role in constipation. A 2019 study of 189 cats admitted to veterinary emergency rooms found that older, overweight cats with chronic kidney disease or previous episodes of constipation were more likely to be constipated (2). 

Improper nutrition, prior pelvic fractures, and megacolon (a pathologic distention of the colon) can also contribute to cat constipation, Erk says. 

Other possible causes of cat constipation include traumatic injury, infection, adverse reaction to medication, lack of access to drinking water, intestinal tumors, neurologic disease, and metabolic abnormalities (1). 

Cat Constipation Symptoms 

If you think your cat might be constipated, there are symptoms you can observe. Straining to defecate and pain while defecating are the most common signs of constipation, Erk says. Other cat constipation symptoms may include:

• Fecal material that is hard, dry, or abnormally large 
• Small amounts of diarrhea (a cat can pass liquid around an impacted mass, but not the mass itself)
• Blood in stool
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Lethargy
• Litter box aversion

Diagnosing Constipation in Cats 

If it’s been more than a couple of days since you’ve scooped fresh poop from your cat’s litter box, or if you’ve seen other signs of constipation, it’s time to visit the veterinarian for an official diagnosis. 

Constipation is usually diagnosed through a combination of the cat’s history and clinical signs, a thorough physical and rectal exam, and X-rays, Erk says. Your veterinarian may also feel your cat’s abdomen to determine whether the colon contains hard stool. 

Diagnosis may also include blood tests, ultrasounds, and urinalysis to rule out a urinary tract infection—a condition that often presents like constipation, but is much more dangerous, especially for male cats (1). 

Cat Constipation Treatment 

Luckily, most cases of cat constipation are mild and can be managed with outpatient care. “This includes the administration of an enema, subcutaneous fluids (fluids given under the skin), changes in diet, and stool softeners,” Erk says. These treatments are relatively inexpensive, he says.

Unfortunately, more serious cases often require hospitalization. “At this point, the cat would be given intravenous fluids and anesthesia for manual removal of the impacted fecal material,” Erk describes. 

In the most severe cases, the colon can be irreversibly distended and damaged, which would require surgical intervention.

Though some pet parents might think that a belly massage could help break up a blockage, Dr. Sarah Wallace, a veterinarian based in Washington, D.C., says that this is not the case and a cat constipation massage should never be attempted. 

“We can feel if there are feces in the intestines causing a blockage, but we never want to massage that area,” she says. “It doesn’t break things up or get them moving. Imagine a rock is in your intestines. If you start massaging it, it’s just going to rub against the sides of intestines around it, causing more discomfort and not solving anything.”

Common Medications for Cat Constipation 

Medications that veterinarians rely on when treating cat constipation include lactulose, a non-digestible synthetic sugar that acts as a stool softener. “Lactulose works by pulling water into the intestines, which makes it easier for things to move,” Wallace explains.

Another is Miralax, an over-the-counter laxative and stool softener. Miralax is available in a powder, which Wallace says works much like lactulose. Though pet parents may be able to get Miralax over the counter, Wallace asserts that they should not administer it before consulting with a veterinarian.

Cost of Treatment 

The cost of treating constipation varies, depending on the diagnosis and which course of treatment is chosen, as well as geographic location.

“For less severe cases, which require an exam and maybe some medications, fluids, or an enema, I’d estimate between $400 and $500,” Wallace says. “In instances where it’s been about a week since the cat has defecated and is severely dehydrated, treatment could require a laxative and anesthesia so that the veterinarian can manually remove stuck fecal matter, as well as fluids. Any procedure with anesthesia is going to be pricier—in the $700 to $1,200 range.”

In some cases, procedures will need to be repeated to ensure the cat’s system is clear, meaning that costs can stack up pretty quickly, Wallace adds. She also says that surgical intervention for a distended colon would be between $5,000 and $6,000.

Home Remedies for Cat Constipation

Home remedies, like stool softeners and changes in diet, may relieve cat constipation, but like Wallace mentions above, Erk cautions that pet parents should never administer home remedies before checking in with their veterinarian. “Cat owners should always have their pet evaluated before trying any home remedies, specifically because of the risks of delaying appropriate care or mistaking constipation for other potentially life threatening situations, like a urinary blockage,” he says.

Wallace says that the best thing that cat parents can do at home to combat constipation is to ensure their cat is drinking enough water. “The number one thing I recommend to patients is a kitty water fountain,” she says. “Cats like drinking running water better than still water.” If that doesn’t work, or a water fountain isn’t in your budget, Wallace also suggests adding either low-sodium chicken broth or a bit of tuna juice to your cat’s water. “It flavors it and they’ll drink more because it tastes good,” she explains.

Another remedy Wallace mentions is psyllium powder—a soluble fiber that can be added to a cat’s food as either a powder or a liquid. She also says that adding pumpkin to your cat’s food may help with constipation, as it adds both fiber and moisture. However, it’s not a given that your cat will actually eat it. “They have to like pumpkin, and we know that cats don’t eat anything they don’t like.”

Wallace adds that exercise can also help get things moving, but only if the constipation isn’t too severe.

How to Prevent Constipation in Cats

While nothing is 100 percent preventable—especially when it comes to the notoriously unpredictable creatures that are cats—there are steps that pet parents can take to minimize the chance of their cat becoming constipated. “Preventing obesity and feeding a high quality commercial diet are most important,” Erk says. 

Wallace concurs, adding that exercise is key to helping a cat maintain a healthy weight, which helps prevent constipation.

Increasing the amount of fiber in your cat’s diet can also boost the production of short-chain fatty acids, which stimulate colonic smooth muscle contraction, noted Dr. Susan Little while speaking at the World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings in 2011 (3). That being said, diets high in fiber can increase the amount of feces a cat produces, which can be counterproductive to decreasing constipation. She recommends a canned food diet, to ensure the cat is getting enough hydration. 

There is no one-size-fits-all solution, though. Your veterinarian can help determine the best diet for your cat. 

Related Conditions 

As previously mentioned, cats with untreated constipation may develop a megacolon, that is, a colon that is permanently distended and does not function properly. While megacolons are usually the result of constipation, it could be a congenital condition (4).

Urinary blockages can sometimes present with similar symptoms as constipation, such as straining and vocalizing in the litter box. These are extremely dangerous for cats—especially male cats—and should be treated by a veterinarian immediately.

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