We asked the experts whether cats feel love—and rounded up some surefire ways to express our affection to older cats.

Do Cats Feel Love? 

When it comes to our feline friends, the answer is a resounding yes, according to certified cat behavior consultant Mikel Maria Delgado, Ph.D. And it doesn’t matter whether they are young or old.

“All cats who are socialized with humans can give love to us and receive love from us,” she says.

Different cats have different ways of expressing their love. Delgado notes that some cats are more subtle in their affection and might express their love by sitting nearby or spending time in the same room; others may rub against you to send the message that you are part of their family. Then there are cats who are total love bugs, seeking out cuddling and petting and will even head butt you to elicit additional touch.

The ways your cat expresses love may change with age.

“As cats age, they tend to be less active [and] spend less time playing, exploring, and running around,” Delgado says. “They also lose body fat and muscle mass that may make them more likely to seek out warmth.”

The changes could mean that older cats may be more likely to seek humans out for some lap time and cuddles, because they have more free time and your lap is a good source of heat.

How to Show Your Senior Cat You Love Them: 9 Surefire Ways

Now that we know for sure that cats feel love, here are some smart ways to shower your senior kitty with affection.

Call the vet

Your cat might not interpret a trip to the vet as a loving gesture, but regular vet visits are essential as cats age. 

Starting at age 10, your cat should see the vet at least twice a year, recommends Bruce Kornreich, DVM, Ph.D., DACVIM, director of the Cornell Feline Health Center.

“There are some conditions that older cats are prone to, like chronic kidney disease, that would be better to catch early,” he explains. “And there are interventions that can improve outcomes.”

Your vet may recommend bloodwork to monitor for age-related diseases or suggest specific vaccines that are essential for protecting aging cats with weaker immune systems. 

Adapt the environment

Changes in mobility are one of the hallmark signs of aging in cats. 

Roberta Westbrook, DVM, chief animal welfare and medical officer at the Houston SPCA, notes that older cats may spend more time sleeping and become less interested in high-energy activities. “If a pet parent is noticing their senior cat slowing down a bit,” she says, “it may be time to boost some of the creature comforts in the environment.” 

Consider adding ramps or steps so your senior cat can still reach their favorite spots when their joints can’t handle the stress of jumping. You can also swap out old litter boxes for new boxes with lower sides that are easier for senior cats to access. 

Rethink their diet

As your cat ages, their dietary needs may change, too. 

While a complete and balanced adult maintenance diet is suitable for most cats, including senior cats, you might need to adjust the calories or nutrients in their diets.

“Most senior pets do not require as many daily calories as younger, more active pets,” says Westbrook. 

Your vet may recommend switching from kibble to canned food if your cat has dental disease or transitioning to a therapeutic diet to manage age-related diseases, such as kidney or liver disease.

Consider supplements

There is a reason pet store shelves are stocked with dietary supplements. Research found that cats fed a diet that included antioxidants, prebiotics, and essential fatty acids lived significantly longer than those fed only a complete and balanced food without added nutrients (3).

Talk to your vet about whether adding supplements to a complete and balanced diet could offer benefits to your senior cat.

Create cozy spaces

Cats can spend more than half their day snoozing, and senior cats are especially prone to long naps. 

Providing cozy beds and favorite blankets can make it easier to snuggle in and drift off to dreamland. Westbook suggests looking for beds with extra padding that will be more comfortable for cats with joint disease.

“A bed placed near a sunny area to encourage warmth is a great idea,” she adds. “Cats love to sunbathe and some senior pets have a more difficult time regulating their body temperature; a warm spot to relax would be welcomed.”

Provide more mental stimulation

Senior cats may experience cognitive dysfunction, which can include symptoms like disorientation, altered sleep cycles, and increased anxiety and vocalization (4). 

Activities to provide mental stimulation can instill a sense of well-being. Kornreich advises spending at least 10 minutes a day playing with your cat. 

“As cats get older, maybe they won’t be able to jump as much, but that doesn’t mean you don’t still try to keep them engaged,” he says.

Instead of laser pointers and feather wands, which are better suited to active kittens who love to run and jump, try puzzle feeders and soft toys.

Schedule a ‘spa day’

Grooming can be more difficult for senior cats, especially in hard-to-reach places.

“Cats that develop osteoarthritis can’t reach certain parts of their bodies to groom,” says Kornreich. “So grooming older cats is important, because sometimes they won’t do it as well as they did when they were younger.”

In addition to removing loose hair and preventing matting to keep your senior cat’s coat looking good, regular grooming sessions also provide an opportunity for affection and bonding. 

Go slow

Your senior cat may not see or hear as well as they used to, and the loss of senses can make your cat startle more easily, according to Kornreich. He suggests approaching your cat slowly from the front—not behind—when possible and avoiding sudden movements that could startle your senior cat and cause stress.

Provide a change of scenery

Outdoor cats have an average lifespan of just three years (1)—and the risks are especially high for senior cats. 

Changes to their mobility and loss of vision and hearing can put senior cats at greater risk of traffic fatalities and make them more vulnerable to predators; a senior cat with cognitive dysfunction might not remember how to get back home.

“It’s really important that as cats get older that owners really consider keeping them inside,” Kornreich says. 

If you’re worried your senior cat will become depressed or restless without access to the outdoors, look for opportunities to provide more enrichment, install a “catio,” or consider using a leash for supervised outdoor time.

Signs Your Senior Cat Loves You Back

Your cat might not write a thank you letter for all of the ways you demonstrate your love and ensure that they are happy and healthy long into their golden years, but Westbrook believes there are some surefire ways to know that your cat appreciates the effort.

“Your senior cat may still rub against your leg, make biscuits in your lap, have normal eating and drinking habits, and keep up with grooming habits,” she says. “These are all great signs.”

References

1. Loyd, K A T et al. “Risk behaviours exhibited by free-roaming cats in a suburban US town.” The Veterinary record vol. 173,12 (2013): 295. doi:10.1136/vr.101222
2. Sprinkle, D. “Seniors are a growing part of the pet population.” GlobalPETS. Nov. 2022. Retrieved from: https://globalpetindustry.com/article/seniors-are-growing-part-pet-population
3. Cupp, C.J. & Jean-Philippe, Clementine & Kerr, W.W. & Patil, Avinash & Perez-Camargo, Gerardo. (2006). Effect of nutritional interventions on longevity of senior cats. Int J Appl Res Vet Med. 4. 34-50. 
4. Sordo, Lorena and Danièlle A. Gunn-Moore. “Cognitive Dysfunction in Cats: Update on Neuropathological and Behavioural Changes Plus Clinical Management.” The Veterinary record 188 1 (2021): e3 .

The post 9 Ways to Show Your Senior Cat Some Extra Love appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Studies show that 38 to 56 percent of dogs that check into emergency veterinary clinics are in pain. And although there are many situations that can cause your dog to feel discomfort, including injuries, ear infections, dental disease, arthritis, and surgery, no pet parent wants to see their dog in pain. 

So, how do you provide care and relief for a dog in pain? In this article, we’ll go over the basics of how to help a dog in pain, including specific tips on how to provide them with a sense of comfort.

What to Do When Your Dog Is in Pain

“Whether your dog experiences acute pain, chronic pain, or situational pain following surgeries or dental extractions, it can affect their mood and their quality of life,” says Dr. Amber Karwacki, veterinarian and partner at Heart + Paw vet clinic in Philadelphia. “Dogs who are in pain will not want to interact with their family as they normally do.”

Your veterinarian will be able to determine the source of the pain and then determine the best course of treatment. Providing pain relief medication to help manage a dog’s pain could be part of the plan, but Dr. Karwacki notes that you should skip the drug store because most over-the-counter pain medications made for pet parents are toxic to dogs.

In addition to veterinarian-prescribed pain meds, there are other ways to comfort a dog in pain.

8 Tips for Comforting a Dog in Pain 

Set Reminders

It’s important to stick to a schedule with medications that help relieve dog pain. Set a reminder in your smartphone to ensure that you don’t miss a dose or accidentally give your dog their medication before the next dose is due, which could increase the risk of side effects.

Create a Safe Space

Dogs in pain might need more rest and not feel up to interacting with their families or other pets, according to Dr. Karwacki. Setting up a crate in a spare bedroom or other quiet spot will give your pet a space to recover and decrease the risk of making the pain worse.

“You want to provide a space where your dog feels safe and protected,” Dr. Karwacki adds. “This will keep them from having any fight or flight reactions and possibly reinjuring themselves.”

Your veterinarian may also recommend crate rest and limited movement as part of the healing process.

Keep in mind that for some pets, particularly those with separation anxiety, being restricted to a separate room may increase their anxiety levels, causing them to exacerbate their pain. For these dogs, it may be best to set their safe space in an area you frequent.

Keep Them Cozy

Providing items like an orthopedic bed and soft blankets will keep your dog comfortable while they recover from an injury or surgery, or rest during illness — but think twice before setting up a heating pad.

“Heating pads can be helpful but most likely should not be on for long amounts of time,” Dr. Karwacki says. “If your dog is unable to get off the heating pad, a thermal burn could occur.”

She also advises keeping their water bowl and food bowl nearby so your dog doesn’t have to move too far to eat or drink when they aren’t feeling well.

Consider Complementary Therapies

When it comes to managing pain in dogs, massage or acupuncture could help. 

Dogs with musculoskeletal pain due to injuries, arthritis or other orthopedic conditions showed improvements in gait, posture and behavioral issues, and were more able to engage in daily activities after receiving massage [1]. 

Acupuncture can also improve quality of life for dogs suffering from neurological disorders and ​​musculoskeletal diseases [2]. Dr. Karwacki also suggests cold laser therapy and physical therapy for dogs in pain. 

“Not every veterinarian offers these services, but make sure to ask your vet who does offer these services as we usually know what is available in your area,” she says.

Make Movement Easier

For dogs experiencing pain due to arthritis or other chronic illnesses, adding ramps up to the bed, couch, or cars makes it easier for your dog to get to their favorite spot without jumping and putting added pressure on their joints.

Installing non-slip mats or carpet runners on hardwood or tile floors can also prevent your dog from slipping and improve their ability to move around the house.

Consider Supplements

For acute pain due to injuries or post-surgical pain, Dr. Karwacki suggests veterinarian-prescribed anti-inflammatory medications, but supplements could help dogs dealing with arthritis or other types of chronic pain.

Among dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis, a supplement containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate was found to be “significantly beneficial” for alleviating pain and reducing symptoms [3]. CBD supplements may be another option, with one study at Cornell showing that 80 percent of dogs that received CBD supplements experienced decreases in osteoarthritis pain.

Talk to your veterinarian about which supplements might be helpful if your dog is in pain and confirm that supplements are safe to use with their current medications.

Prioritize Quality Time

Pain may make it difficult for your dog to go for long walks or play in the backyard so it’s especially important to prioritize their wellbeing while they heal.

Set aside special time for bonding and gentle snuggles to provide comfort — but make sure your dog welcomes the attention. Some dogs may prefer to be left alone (and pain may sometimes cause fear or aggression) so watch for clues that your dog takes comfort in gentle petting and the reassuring sound of your voice, or whether they would prefer to have some alone time.

Alternatively, buying a new squeak toy or special bone that your dog can play with on their cozy bed can provide important mental stimulation. 

“Puzzle toys can also help occupy their time if your dog can no longer do their normal activities,” Dr. Karwacki adds.

Watch for Signs

Sometimes pain management plans need to be tweaked. Watch for signs that medications, supplements, alternative therapies and lots of TLC aren’t easing your dog’s pain.

Dr. Karwacki advises looking for things like limping, a hunched back, a stiff gait, shying away from being touched, ears in a down position, or laying in unusual positions, adding, “If signs of pain are seen, you should bring your dog to the vet for an exam to determine the source and receive treatment.”

It’s hard for pet parents to see their four-legged companions in pain. Working with your veterinarian to identify the source of the pain, creating an appropriate treatment plan, and incorporating strategies to ease your pup’s discomfort can help them feel a little better while they rest and recuperate.

References:

1. Riley, LM, Satchell, L, Stilwell, LM, Lenton, NS. Effect of massage therapy on pain and quality of life in dogs: A cross sectional study. Vet Rec. 2021;e586. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.586 
2. Silva NEOF, Luna SPL, Joaquim JGF, Coutinho HD, Possebon FS. Effect of acupuncture on pain and quality of life in canine neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. Can Vet J. 2017 Sep;58(9):941-951. PMID: 28878418; PMCID: PMC5556488.
3. Martello E, Bigliati M, Adami R, Biasibetti E, Bisanzio D, Meineri G, Bruni N. Efficacy of a dietary supplement in dogs with osteoarthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022 Feb 16;17(2):e0263971. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263971. PMID: 35171954; PMCID: PMC8849458.

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In this article, we’ll provide a better understanding of dog dandruff –  including the possible causes and treatment options – giving you the tools to offer your dog relief from the itchy condition.

Can Dogs Get Dandruff?

As you may have guessed, the answer is yes, those white flakes you’re seeing on your pup could be dandruff. In fact, dog dandruff is common, according to Dr. Jennifer Frione, veterinarian and owner of Lakeside Animal Hospital in Plantation, Florida.

The condition, also known as seborrhea, occurs when the sebaceous (oil) glands in the skin produce too much oil, leading to dry, red, inflamed, and itchy skin. “Dandruff appears as flakes of dead skin cells on the coat,” Frione says.

Despite the ick factor, dog dandruff isn’t a serious medical condition – but it can be uncomfortable. Skin irritation and itching are common when your dog has dandruff, and it can cause them to scratch excessively, which can lead to hair loss.

It’s possible for dandruff to appear anywhere on your dog’s body, but it tends to be more common along their back. Dandruff can also cause red, inflamed skin, especially in areas with skin folds, including the feet, thighs, bellies, armpits, neck, and lips.

In some breeds, including Basset Hounds, American Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels, Dachshunds, Golden Retrievers and West Highland White Terriers, dog dandruff can be an inherited condition. If dandruff is inherited, the symptoms usually appear when dogs are 18 to 24 months of age and last throughout their lives.

What About Puppy Dandruff? 

Puppies can get dandruff as well. In fact, they may be more prone to dandruff than older dogs. The reason: their sebaceous glands are still developing and need time to regulate. 

Dog Dandruff: What Does it Look Like?

Dog dandruff can appear as white, flaky scales on the coat, according to Dr. Frione. The white flakes “tend to be more prominent [along] the back and can often have red and itchy skin associated with it,” she adds.

Dandruff is easier to spot in dogs with short, dark coats and harder to see on dogs with long, light hair, including white hair, that can camouflage the flakes.

Why Does My Dog Have Dandruff? Causes to Consider

When a dog has dandruff, veterinarians will do an exam to check for things like oiliness in the skin, odor, texture of the skin and coat, and degree of flakiness to figure out what’s causing the flakes, redness, and irritation. 

Your vet will diagnose “primary seborrhea” if the dandruff appears to be inherited or genetic. If it’s not an inherited condition, it’s considered “secondary seborrhea,” which means another medical condition is causing dog dandruff.

6 Common Possible Causes of Dog Dandruff

Hormonal disorders. Certain diseases that cause hormone imbalances, including hypothyroidism and Cushing’s disease, can lead to dry, flaky skin. This dog dandruff typically appears in middle-aged or older dogs who have flaking skin but aren’t super itchy.

Allergies. Dogs who are diagnosed with dandruff before they are five years old may have allergies.

Infections. Both bacterial infections and fungal infections, including yeast infections on the skin, can cause dog dandruff. When dandruff occurs alongside symptoms like boils, pimples or other bumps on the skin, it could be a sign of a bacterial infection. 

Nutrition deficiencies. Dandruff in dogs is often a side effect of a diet that doesn’t contain enough Omega-3 fatty acids. 

Obesity. When dogs are too overweight to groom themselves, it can cause oil to build up on the skin and lead to dandruff.

Environmental factors. Changes in temperature and humidity can cause changes in your dog’s skin.

Given that there are a number of potential causes of dog dandruff, it’s important to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

They may recommend a blood test, hormone tests, and skin scraping, culture or biopsy to help diagnose the cause of dandruff.

Walking Dandruff

Interestingly, sometimes dandruff is not dandruff at all, meaning the white “flakes” you see on your puppy or adult dog are actually parasites. The condition is called walking dandruff.

“Walking dandruff, or Cheyletiellosis, is a skin parasite that affects dogs, cats, rabbits, and even humans,” Dr. Frione says. “It’s not very common, but it is very contagious and is characterized as large white mites ‘walking’ on the coat. The condition causes excessive scaling and itchiness.” 

How to Get Rid of Dog Dandruff: Treatment Options

There is no one-size-fits-all dog dandruff treatment. “The treatment depends on the cause and should be tailored to the underlying condition,” says Dr. Frione. 

Often, treating bacterial or fungal infections, changing diet, losing weight, or treating allergies will cause dandruff to disappear. When dog dandruff is genetic, treating the symptoms to provide itch relief and prevent secondary infections is the best option. 

Your vet may recommend one (or more) of these treatments:

• Omega-3 fatty acid supplements
• Medicated shampoos to alleviate dry skin and itchiness
• Prescription corticosteroid medications 
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antifungal medications
• Parasite treatment to kill mites (walking dandruff)

Pet owners have tried a variety of home remedies for dog dandruff and itching. For example, bathing your dog in a 50/50 mixture of apple cider vinegar and water is said to help soothe some itching. However, home remedies can also cause skin conditions to worsen. Therefore, it’s important to consult your veterinarian before trying any home remedies.

It’s also important to note that you should never treat dog dandruff with non-pet dandruff products. Be sure to skip any dandruff treatments meant for humans, including shampoos. Some human supplements and medications contain ingredients that are toxic to dogs, and dandruff shampoos that weren’t made for pets could make their skin even more red and irritated.

Can You Prevent Dog Dandruff?

No one wants their dog to live with red, flaky, inflamed skin and/or irritation and itchiness. These strategies can help prevent dog dandruff:

Good grooming. Brushing your dog not only removes dead hair; it also helps distribute the oil across their skin and coat, which could reduce dandruff.

Proper diet. Commercial dog diets contain all of the nutrients your dog needs for a healthy skin and coat. Your veterinarian may recommend dog food that has a fish protein, which is higher in Omega-3 fatty acids, to see if it helps alleviate itchy, flaky skin.

Weight loss. A dog that is too obese to groom themselves isn’t able to spread the oils from their sebaceous glands throughout their skin and coat or remove excess hair. Talk to your veterinarian about a safe weight management approach.

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We get it. All species of ticks are gross, but the ick factor is nothing compared to their potential to transmit tick-borne diseases to your dog.

Different tick species can carry different diseases and pose a variety of risks to your canine companions. In this article, we’ll be focusing on the brown dog tick and what you need to be aware of if your dog is bitten by one.

What Is a Brown Dog Tick?

As you may have guessed, the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) was named for its color. These parasites are reddish-brown in color and have elongated bodies.

Nymphs (younger ticks) grow up to 1.3 millimeters long and 0.66 millimeters wide, with four pairs of legs. Adult brown dog ticks also have four pairs of legs and the same reddish-brown coloring but grow up to 3.18 millimeters long and 1.68 millimeters wide. After a blood meal, engorged female brown dog ticks can increase their size 100-fold.

The brown dog tick can be found in all 50 states, and it’s the most widespread species in the world. And even though brown dog ticks prefer tropical and temperate climates, the blood-sucking parasites can survive indoors anywhere in the world, says Dr. Katie Clow, veterinarian and assistant professor at Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph. “Because dogs move all around the world, either with their owners or to find new homes, these ticks can be transported vast distances and end up in new places,” she explains.

In fact, Dr. Clow notes that one of the things that makes the brown dog tick unique is the fact that it thrives in indoor environments, including homes and kennels that are too arid for other tick species to survive.

“When [brown dog ticks] are not actively looking for a host…like a dog, they can hide in cracks and crevices within the home,” she adds.

Brown Dog Tick vs. Deer Tick

The deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) is another common tick species. It’s found mainly along the east coast of the United States, especially in forests, meadows, and wetlands where white-tailed deer are plentiful. Dogs pick up the ticks while hiking or running through these areas.

At first glance, the deer tick might be mistaken for a brown tick, but a closer look reveals some distinct differences between the species. For starters, male deer ticks are dark brown to black in color, and female deer ticks have colorful orangish-red markings on their backs.

Both male and female deer ticks have dark heads with dark spots behind their heads (called a dorsal shield) and four pairs of legs that are dark brown to black in color, earning them the nickname “blacklegged tick.” 

5 Brown Dog Tick Dangers

Brown dog ticks are known to carry diseases that can be potentially dangerous to our canine companions, causing symptoms ranging from mild illness to death. Let’s go over some of the most common brown dog tick diseases, as well as the dangers associated with them.

Anaplasmosis

Deer ticks and Western black-legged ticks are typically associated with anaplasmosis, but one form of the disease, Anaplasma platys, is transmitted by the brown dog tick.

Symptoms like lameness, joint pain, fever, and lack of appetite most commonly appear within one to seven days after an infected brown dog tick bites a canine. In more severe cases, dogs may experience vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, trouble breathing, and seizures.

Antibiotics are used to treat the disease. The prognosis is good, with most dogs showing significant signs of improvement within 24 to 48 hours of starting treatment.

Babesiosis

Brown dog ticks can transmit a number of Babesia species, intracellular parasites that attack red blood cells. The most common symptoms of babesiosis include fever, anemia-related low energy and weakness, and low platelets that can increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. 

“The symptoms range from mild to severe, with younger animals generally experiencing more severe disease,” Dr. Clow says.

Babesiosis is treated with a number of different medications. However, eliminating this organism can be challenging. Some dogs remain chronically infected, despite aggressive treatment.

is found throughout the United States. Ehrlichiosis can cause symptoms ranging from fever, low energy, and lack of appetite to weight loss and nosebleeds. These symptoms usually occur one to four weeks after infection. 

Although treatment for acute ehrlichiosis is available and can lead to recovery, some dogs don’t show any symptoms and are never treated. This can lead to infected dogs becoming

 “subclinical” carriers of the bacteria. “This means brown dog ticks that bite them can pick up the bacteria and then transmit it to other dogs,” Dr. Clow says. “It also means they may develop the chronic phase of disease, which can be severe and fatal.” 

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rickettsia rickettsii causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and brown dog ticks are among the species that transmit the bacterium. “Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is a severe and potentially fatal disease in dogs,” Dr. Clow says.

The main symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of balance, seizures, swelling of the limbs and muscle/joint pain that can make it difficult to walk, and other neurological signs.

Humans can also be diagnosed with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. While you can’t get the disease from your dog, you can get it from tick bites, so it’s important to check yourself for ticks after being in the same environments as potentially infected brown dog ticks.

Hepatozoonosis 

Unlike other tick-borne diseases that are transmitted when an infected tick bites a dog, hepatozoonosis infection occurs when dogs ingest an infected tick. Hepatozoon, a single-celled organism, is released from the ingested tick into the dog’s intestine and travels through the liver, lungs, and other organs and bone marrow.

Hepatozoonosis can be found throughout the United States but it’s more common in warmer climates, including the southern and southeastern regions of the country. Most hepatozoon cases associated with brown dog ticks are asymptomatic, but signs may include fever, weight loss, and lethargy. Medications are used to manage the signs associated with symptomatic infection, but the infection typically cannot be cured.

Brown Dog Tick Symptoms

Dr. Clow notes that “tick bites are rarely noticed,” so it’s also a good idea to be on the lookout for signs that your dog may be sick from a tick-borne disease, including:

• Lethargy
• Joint pain
• Poor appetite
• Dark-colored urine
• Fever
• Muscle wasting
• Swollen lymph nodes

If you notice any of these symptoms, call your veterinarian.

What to Do if You Find a Brown Dog Tick on Your Dog

If a brown dog tick has chosen your pup as its host, grab the tweezers (or a tick removal tool)! You’ll need to remove it and you may want to take it to your veterinarian to have the species identified and talk about the next steps. 

You may also need to contact an exterminator. “If you find repeated brown dog ticks on your dog, you could have a home infestation,” says Dr. Clow. “Especially if you live in colder climate areas where ticks are not known to be found outdoors.”

Brown Dog Tick Bite Prevention

You might not always be able to prevent a brown dog tick from biting your dog, but you can take action to prevent the parasites from transmitting disease.

It’s important to do regular “tick checks” to make sure that a brown tick isn’t using your dog for a blood meal. Check your dog’s entire body but pay special attention to the head, ears and back, between their toes, and the area where their legs meet their bodies, which are favorite spots for brown dog ticks to attach.

But the best way to prevent brown dog ticks and other tick species is to give your dog regular flea and tick preventatives. “Pet parents should consider veterinary prescribed tick preventatives that are effective against brown dog ticks,” Dr. Clow says.

These easy-to-administer products can kill ticks as soon as they bite your dog, preventing disease transmission and ensuring your dog stays healthy. 

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All dogs have the potential to entertain with their wacky personality or their kooky character, but these 11 goofy dog breeds definitely have it nailed.

11 Goofy Dog Breeds

Boxer

These large-breed dogs are big goofballs. With playful and outgoing temperaments, Boxers consider everyone they meet their next BFF and will happily trot out their favorite tricks in exchange for some attention.

Marissa Sunny, dog behavior specialist for Best Friends Animal Society, believes one of the Boxer’s most endearing traits is jumping in circles when they get excited. “The Boxer is an incredibly goofy breed,” she says, adding that they “…have a sense of adventure that leads them to running, jumping and playing all around.”

That being said, the breed has a serious side too. Boxers are often used as police dogs, guide dogs, and watch dogs.

Brussels Griffon

When it comes to looks, the Brussels Griffon – with its wiry beard, big eyes, pouty lips and pronounced underbite – always elicits an “awwwww.” Sunny calls it “a cute, scruffy appearance.”

Weighing in at less than 10 pounds, Brussels Griffons were once used as rat dogs but later earned the affections of Marie Henriette Anne, Queen of the Belgians, and became popular among the upper classes as lap dogs.

In addition to their eccentric looks, Brussels Griffons have been described as a “comically self-important” breed that prefers constant companionship.

Chihuahua

Chihuahuas are natural entertainers, appearing on the big screen in movies like Legally Blonde and Beverly Hills Chihuahua. And who can forget about those famous Taco Bell commercials? Although Chihuahuas are lap dogs, the breed is known for its big bark and willingness to play pint-sized guard dog.

Despite their small size, Sunny notes, “Chihuahuas can have quite a bit of energy, especially in their younger years, so they enjoy playing, brain games, and other activities.”  

However, Chihuahuas don’t entertain just anyone. Sunny calls them “particular dogs” who often bond more closely with a single person and tend to be wary of strangers.

French Bulldog

This breed, called “Bouledouge Francais” in their native country of France, are known for being playful and smart in equal measure.

Frenchies have sweet, easygoing personalities that make them great with people and other pets, but AKC Executive Secretary Gina DiNardo believes it’s not just their temperaments that make them stand out.

Frenchies are easily identified by their unique appearances, like their thick bodies and large, square heads with deep wrinkles – as well as another feature that captures attention. “Frenchies have large, bat-like ears which makes their physical appearance one of a kind,” DiNardo says.

Golden Retrievers

Sunny describes Golden Retrievers as “silly, goofy balls of love.” 

In the 1800s, Golden Retrievers were bred as working dogs, but their gorgeous golden locks and sweet temperaments allowed them to become popular companions.

The longhaired lovebugs are affectionate with their families and great with kids, and they get along well with other pets, earning them a reputation for being loyal, gentle and patient. The breed is also highly trainable: Golden Retrievers can learn to dribble balls, twirl hula hoops, and walk tightropes. 

Their exuberant personalities and zest for all tasks, from fetching and swimming to romping at the dog park, make Golden Retrievers a joy to watch.

Miniature Bull Terrier

Bull Terriers were bred in England in the 1830s, but it took much longer to develop the Miniature Bull Terrier, a more diminutive version of the muscular breed. Minis quickly became popular companions known for their comical behavior and big energy.

“Miniature Bull Terriers are silly by nature,” DiNardo says. “They have square bodies and egg-shaped heads, and their personality can be described as upbeat, mischievous, and comical, like a class clown.”

The goofy dog breed is also fearless yet loving. Miniature Bull Terriers make excellent watchdogs but are affectionate and social with their families.

Pembroke Welsh Corgi

Pembroke Welsh Corgis might have been regal enough to reside in Buckingham Palace, but they have a silly side too. “They are very intelligent, which can lead to fun games and training,” says Sunny 

Pembroke Welsh Corgis don’t just have quirky personalities; their appearances also attract attention.

The “long and low” breed has short, muscular legs and stout bodies, and are fast on their feet. In fact, Pembroke Welsh Corgis are among the most popular herding dogs in the world – and nothing elicits a laugh like watching a goofy little dog command a herd of sheep.

Pomeranian

Poms are small dogs with big personalities. Weighing less than seven pounds, the breed is affectionate and protective in equal measure. It’s not uncommon to see Pomeranians as social media stars, delighting followers with their offbeat antics, from wearing costumes to pretending to play dead to avoid walks.

Pomeranians were prized for their regal appearances and even captured the attention of Queen Victoria, who owned many. Those fancy, fluffy coats do require regular grooming, though. “Pomeranians need consistent brushing as well as regular grooming appointments for hair trims and blowouts,” Sunny says. “Their thick double coats can be blown out with a blow dryer to give them a fluffy ‘just left the salon’ look and feel.” 

Poodle

Poodles aren’t just one of the most intelligent dog breeds; they’re also one of the most entertaining. “Poodles are active and very smart dogs with an exceptional learning ability,” says DiNardo. “The Poodle’s personality lends itself to making them natural entertainers.”

Their supreme smarts have helped Poodles earn lead roles in movies like Best in Show and Look Who’s Talking Now, score a place in the spotlight on fashion runways (often with their hair dyed bright colors), and take top honors in national dog shows.

Pug

The Pug’s history dates back to the 1500s when it became the mascot of the Royal House of Orange in Holland, and it’s not hard to imagine the Prince of Orange LOLing while looking at the goofy-looking dog’s stout frame, black face mask, wrinkled brow, and bulging eyes.

Their personalities are as entertaining as their looks, according to DiNardo. “A pug has a loving and mischievous personality,” she says. “Pugs live to love and be loved and have a full range of expressions like surprise, happiness, and curiosity because of their wrinkled brow.”

Puli

Few breeds stand out in a crowd (or herd!) like the Puli (pronounced “poo-lee”). These dogs have long, corded coats that look like dreadlocks; the cords are dense and weatherproof and often reach six inches long.

“Once a Puli’s coat has distinct cords, all you need to do in terms of grooming is bathe the dog when necessary and separate the cords,” says DiNardo.

The medium-sized breed once herded sheep for nomadic tribes, and those herding instincts remain strong, as Pulis need regular exercise and mental stimulation.

Pups come in all different shapes, sizes, and personalities, but goofy dogs never disappoint. Whether you’re looking for a dog with a unique, attention-getting appearance or one that will keep you laughing with their antics, these 11 breeds definitely fit the bill.

The post Goofy Dogs: 11 Breeds That Are Super Silly appeared first on Great Pet Care.

It’s estimated that 14 percent of dogs will be diagnosed with a UTI during their lifetime, and urinary tract infections are among the most common reasons dogs visit the vet. Some dogs may only get a single urinary tract infection, while others have chronic or recurrent UTIs, developing three or more infections in a year.

Read on to learn everything you need to know about dog UTI symptoms – and when it’s time to call the veterinarian.

Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs: An Overview

E. coli and other bacteria cause UTI in dogs. Bacteria enters the urethra and travel toward the bladder. Dogs have defenses – like sterile urine – that fight off infection-causing bacteria, but the system isn’t always effective.

Once bacteria reach the bladder, kidney, or prostate (in unneutered male dogs), it can grow and reproduce, causing symptoms of UTI in dogs. Treatment not only alleviates the symptoms, it also prevents the infection from spreading and causing additional damage.

“If a urinary tract infection is left untreated, a dog may develop complications like lower urinary tract dysfunction (or urinary incontinence), kidney infection, [chronic inflammation in the bladder], bladder stones, or an infected prostate gland,” explains Dr. Georgina Ushi, a veterinarian at Fuzzy.

Although male dog UTI symptoms and female dog UTI symptoms are the same, Dr. Ushi notes that females are more susceptible to infections, along with older dogs and dogs with underlying health conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, Cushing’s disease, bladder tumors, or weakened immune systems.

UTIs are also more common in breeds such as English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Pugs that have excess skin folds around their vulvas that provide the warm, dark, moist environments where bacteria thrive.

8 Dog UTI Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

Any of these eight symptoms could be a sign of a dog UTI and warrant a trip to the vet.

Straining to pee. Dogs with UTIs may whine, whimper, or arch their backs during their potty breaks because the infection causes pain during urination.

Bloody or cloudy urine. Any change in the color of your dog’s urine is cause for concern. “Cloudy urine can mean there is pus in the urine, which can indicate inflammation or infection of the bladder,” Dr. Ushi says. “[Blood in the urine] could also indicate infection or inflammation of the urinary tract, and possibly that there are stones in the bladder.” 

Frequent urination. A UTI can make your dog feel like she has to urinate even when her bladder isn’t full. This means that a dog that can normally go several hours between bathroom breaks starts asking to go out much more often.

Potty accidents. When a pup with an A+ track record for doing her business outside starts having accidents in the house, it can be a hallmark sign of UTI in dogs.

Peeing multiple times in a row. Urinary tract infections aren’t just painful; the infection makes it difficult for dogs to control the flow of urine, which means your potty-trained dog can’t hold it until she gets outside. A common symptom of UTIs in dogs is peeing again right after they go to the bathroom.

Increased genital licking. Most dogs are willing to get into some pretty tricky positions to lick their nether regions, and the occasional lick-a-thon is totally normal. However, pay attention to any increased licking of the genitals – it might be one of the first signs your dog has a UTI. “It is believed that dogs experience some pain and discomfort in the genital area from infection and inflammation [of a UTI],” Dr. Ushi says. “Increased licking is their way of trying to soothe the area.”

Low volume of urine. If words like “dribble” and “trickle” best describe your dog’s urine flow, pay attention. Dr. Ushi notes that, “not producing any urine or small drops is a symptom not to be ignored.” The reason: It could be a sign that something is blocking the passage of urine from the bladder.

“If you notice straining with little to no production of urine, an emergency trip to the vet is warranted,” she says. Your vet will want to rule out possible causes for reduced urine flow, including bladder stones, scar tissue that narrows the urethra, or tumors in the urinary tract.

Fever. A normal temperature for dogs is 99.5 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. While fever is not a common sign of UTI in dogs, an elevated temperature in a dog diagnosed with a UTI could be a sign that the infection has spread. “There may be an underlying cause of the fever, such as a kidney infection…prostate infection in unneutered males or infection in another part of the body,” Dr. Ushi says.

Next Steps if You Suspect a Dog UTI

If you notice your dog has common symptoms of a urinary tract infection, call your veterinarian. “A urinary tract infection should be treated as soon as possible,” says Dr. Ushi.

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam, collect a urine sample, and run a urinalysis to detect the presence of white blood cells and bacteria that will help them diagnose a urinary tract infection.

In order to get the best results, they may want a sterile sample, which is collected by passing a urinary catheter into the bladder or using a needle to collect a sample through the skin and bladder wall. This method minimizes possible contamination from the urethra and genitals, according to Ushi.

Dogs that test positive for UTIs may be prescribed antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications to alleviate the symptoms and clear the infection. In the case of a recurrent or chronic UTI, your veterinarian will want to determine the bacteria causing the infection to recommend a targeted medication for treatment.

Not only is a UTI painful for your dog, it could cause additional health issues if left untreated, making it even more important not to ignore the warning signs and make an appointment to get immediate medical attention.

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Understanding the options ahead of time and determining whether dog cremation is the best choice to honor your best furry friend will allow you to focus on grieving your loss, not managing the logistics.

What Is Dog Cremation?

When dogs are cremated, their bodies are placed in cremation chambers, also called retorts, and incinerated. It turns their bodies into bone fragments and ash that are known as “cremains” or cremated remains.

Cremation for dogs is just one option for pet owners. Home burial or burial in pet cemeteries are also possibilities. Dr. Dani McVety veterinarian, founder and CEO or LapofLove.com, a nationwide practice specializing in hospice and in-home euthanasia, estimates that 70 percent of the dog owners she works with opt for cremation when their dogs die.

“The number one reason [dog owners choose cremation] is the mechanical aspect of it,” she adds. “Some dog owners live in apartments and there is no place for home burial and others aren’t living in their forever homes and want to keep pets with them when they move.”

Where to Cremate a Dog

Dog cremation is performed at special crematories for pets. There are national chains that perform this service as well as local, independent facilities.

Although pet cremation is a popular end of life option, Dr. McVety notes that it’s a niche business and the availability of facilities depends on your location.

Some cities might have a few pet crematories while others might have a single option. Most veterinarians have relationships with crematories and will make arrangements for pet owners. It’s rare for pet owners to search out crematories on their own after their pet dies, she adds.  

Dog Cremation Services: Types

You’ll need to decide between different cremation options:

Private Cremation 

During a private cremation, your dog is alone in the cremation chamber. “There is no risk of commingling remains,” explains Barbara Kemmis CAE, executive director of the Cremation Association of North America. You’ll choose private cremation if you want to receive your dog’s ashes.

Partitioned Cremation

Some pet crematories offer partitioned cremation. In this option – also known as individual cremation or semi-private cremation – bricks are placed between pets to partition their bodies while still allowing for air flow within the cremation chamber. 

It might not be an option for larger dogs because retorts might not have the space to separate the bodies. Kemmis notes that there is “minimal” risk of commingling ashes during partitioned cremation and pet owners do receive the ashes following cremation.

This option is less expensive for pet parents than private cremation.

Communal Cremation

In a communal cremation, multiple pets are cremated together and their ashes are spread communally, not returned to the pet parents. “Some crematories on the coast will spread the ashes at sea and one of the crematories we work with spreads the ashes in a butterfly garden,” says Dr. McVety.

Aquamation for Dogs

In addition to traditional heat-based cremation, a newer offering called “aquamation” may also be available to pet owners. The process is water-based. An alkalizing agent is added to the water to help the body decompose, according to Dr. Tessa King, a hospice veterinarian with Compassion 4 Paws in Seattle.

Aquamation takes longer than traditional cremation – up to 21 hours – but it offers some benefits.

“It doesn’t release smoke and other particles into the atmosphere and you actually get more ashes with aquamation,” Dr. King says.

Dr. McVety opted for aquamation for one of her dogs and received her microchip and canine teeth back along with a plate that had been placed in her leg during a previous surgery because the water-based process preserved those items.

Dog Cremation Process: What to Expect

After your dog dies, your veterinarian (or the end-of-life provider you chose) will hold them in a secure, temperature controlled environment until the cremation occurs at their office or the crematorium. Kemmis notes, “these are dedicated crematories with equipment designed and used only for [cremating] animals.”

Depending on the schedule at the crematories, dogs may be cremated between 1 and 7 days following their deaths. Most crematories allow pet owners to witness their dog’s cremation with advanced arrangements if they choose to do so. The process can take anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours.

“For some people, witnessing the cremation may bring some closure,” Dr. King says. “Some people, they just want to see or know that their animals are being treated with care and respect and to know that they’re getting back the ashes from their animal.”

Pet owners who opt for private cremation will receive their dog’s ashes.

Dog Cremation Cost

The cost to cremate a dog ranges from $50 to $250 and up. The biggest factors are the dog’s weight and whether it’s a private, semi-private, or communal cremation. Communal cremation is the least expensive option and private cremation is the most expensive.

To avoid making decisions while mourning the loss of a beloved pet, Kemmis suggests researching options in advance and, when possible, pre-planning your dog’s cremation or funeral.

Dog Cremation Urns and Boxes

All dog ashes are packaged in secure plastic bags but those bags are often sealed in decorative boxes and urns that allow dog owners to keep their pets in a special place in their homes. The options for dog cremation urns or dog cremation boxes range from basic to ornate and the decision to choose an urn depends on the veterinarian and crematorium.

Some crematories have standard boxes included in their fee, allowing dog owners to choose a special box at a later date. Dr. McVety notes that online marketplaces like Etsy have countless beautiful urns and boxes for pet remains that can be personalized to make them extra special.

Dog Cremation FAQs

Should I bury or cremate my dog? 

The decision to bury or cremate your dog is a personal one and might be based on factors such as cost, burial space, access to pet cemeteries and local ordinances related to burying pets.

“We are a more transient society and cremation allows the owner to keep their pet with them,” says Kemmis.

Where can I get my dog cremated? 

Pet crematories specialize in pet cremation. Your veterinarian can provide a list of options but most veterinarians or end-of-life providers have partnerships with pet crematories and will arrange the entire process after your dog dies.

How much does it cost to cremate a dog? 

The cost to cremate a dog ranges from $50 to $250 (and more) and depends on their size and weight, whether pet owners choose private, semi-private or communal cremation, and even location.

How long does it take to cremate a dog? 

Dogs are cremated within one week of their death. The actual cremation process can range from approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours. 

Does pet insurance cover cremation? 

Most pet insurance policies don’t cover cremation. Check with your insurance provider to determine what end-of-life care is covered.

What happens to the microchip when a pet is cremated? 

Your dog’s microchip is incinerated during traditional cremation and can’t be recovered. During aquamation, the microchip isn’t destroyed and can be returned to the pet owner.

Memorializing Your Pet

Your dog was an important member of your family and there are many ways to honor their memory after their death. Some pet owners spread their ashes in the backyard, dog park, or other favorite spot. If you plan to spread your dog’s ashes, make sure there are no laws prohibiting you from doing so. 

You may also want to keep their cremains on display in your home or have a special keepsake made with their ashes. There are a variety of beautiful and meaningful options from memorial jewelry, stained glass and keychains to pottery, memorial stones and engraved boxes that will serve as a continued reminder of your dog’s place in your heart.

The post Dog Cremation: Options, Cost, and What to Expect appeared first on Great Pet Care.

There are cats with short tails, cats with long tails and cats with no tails. But why do cats have tails? 

Regardless of the length of the tail, the appendage is pretty amazing and serves a number of functions, ranging from communication to balance. Let’s take a deep dive into learning more about your cat’s tail. 

Cat Tail Anatomy

Cat tails are complex structures made up of vertebrae, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves, according to Dr. S. Ellen Everett, clinical assistant professor of community practice at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine.

“Cat tails are an extension of their spines,” Dr. Everett explains.

Cats have 18 to 23 vertebrae in their tails. The vertebrae are largest at the base of the tail and get progressively smaller toward the tip of the tail. The vertebrae allow cats to move different portions of their tails.

Cats also have six muscles on each side of the tail. The muscles help with flexion and extension, allowing cats to hold their tails up high or tuck them underneath their bodies. These muscles also allow your cat to move their tail side-to-side, so know that these muscles are working when your cat swishes their sassy tail around. [1]

Why Do Cats Have Tails?

A feline’s tails is used to help with balance, communication, and marking.

Communication

Cats hold their tails in different positions to communicate their feelings. A confident, content cat holds their tail high while a cat that holds their tail low could be feeling stressed or agitated. A puffed-up tail is a sign to back off. When your cat thrashes their tail or thumps it on the ground, they are feeling irritated.

“You can see changes in their tails that go along with changes in their body language,” Dr. Everett says.

Learning cat tail language can help you better understand a cat’s mood and give you cues about whether to approach cats or give them some space.

Balance

Cats depend on their tails to help them balance when running along the back of the couch or climbing on top of the refrigerator. In fact, research shows that the neurons in the brain that respond to vertical, lateral, and angular movements also influence tail movements [2].

“There are some cats who are quite athletic that don’t have tails [because of genetics or injuries] and have learned to balance without it,” says Dr. Everett. “Their balance is better when they do have tails.”

During falls, cats appear to rotate their tails in a direction opposite the rest of their bodies to help maintain their equilibrium.

Dr. Everett notes that our feline friends use their tails like we stick out our arms for added balance, adding, “It helps with their kitty gymnastics.”

Scent Marking

Cats mark with urine and feces but also use gland secretions from their facial and tail areas as a means of marking [3]. Males are more apt to rub up against objects to leave their scents, but females do it, too.

Why Do Some Cats Not Have Tails?

Some cats have short tails, and some cats have no tails at all. Five modern cat breeds – Japanese Bobtail, Manx, American Bobtail, Pixie-Bob and the Kurilian Bobtail – are all born with “abnormal” tail lengths.

If you’ve ever wondered, “why does my cat have a short tail?” the answer could be a genetic mutation. There are 144 genes linked to short or kinked tails in cats. Cats with the genetic mutation often have short or bobbed tails.

“Depending on how many vertebrae are missing, cats [without tails] can have problems,” Dr. Everett says. “It affects the nerve that goes to their anal sphincter and bladder and can cause urinary or fecal incontinence or trouble using their back legs.”

Sometimes, injuries require amputation. Dr. Everett admits that losing a tail might impact communication, balance, and scent marking, but that “most cats adapt well.”

Cat Tail FAQs

Can cats control their tails?

The cat has conscious control of the muscles in their tail, allowing cats to control their tail movements just as they control the movements of other parts of their bodies. . The muscles on each side of the tail and the progressively smaller vertebrae allow the cat to move their tail in many directions. Dr. Everett notes that cats might be so used to controlling their tails (to keep them from getting slammed in doors) that some cats don’t like to have their tails touched.

Do cats wag their tails?

Cats can wag their tails. Unlike dogs, who typically wag when content or excited, cats tend to use small flicks of their tail to signal indecision or excitement and broader, swishing movements as a sign of potential aggression or predatory behavior. Thrashing tail movements often signal irritation.

Why do cats chase their tails?

It’s not just dogs who chase their tails. Tail chasing is a popular pastime for cats, too. The behavior starts with kittens who might be chasing their tails as a means of practicing their hunting and pouncing skills. Adult cats often outgrow the behavior but it’s still possible to see mature cats engaged in games of tail chasing for entertainment [4]. 

Do cats have bones in their tails?

Cat tails are made up of a combination of bones, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves. Most cats have 18 to 23 vertebrae (small bones) that are larger at the base and smaller at the tip.

Can a cat break its tail?

Just as other bones can break, the bones in a cat’s tail can break, too. The vertebrae in the tail are small, making them more fragile but Dr. Everett notes that it takes “pretty good force” to break a cat’s tail.

“More often, when a cat gets their tail caught in something, it ends up being fine,” she says. “If there’s enough force, the tail can break.”

Cats have feeling in their tails and a broken tail will be painful – but amputation is rare unless the vertebrae are crushed or the skin is too damaged to grow back to cover the bone. Your veterinarian may just recommend pain management and monitoring.

In cases where amputation is necessary, the end of the tail may lose feeling and the skin from the injury to the end of the tail may dry up. Amputation may also be recommended if your cat cannot feel the end of their tail after an injury, as they may not know if they catch their tail in a door, sit their tail on a stovetop burner, or run their tail through a candle.

Cats with kinks in their tails often had some sort of trauma, like a broken bone, which has healed out of alignment. Typically, these felines do just fine despite their bent tails!

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Like humans, dogs can experience a range of issues that impact their eyes, from dry eye and allergies to glaucoma and infections. Eye drops are one of the most common treatments for these types of dog eye problems.

Eye Drops for Dogs: Why Your Dog Might Need Them

Your veterinarian may suggest eye drops to treat a variety of conditions, according to Dr. Terri L. Baldwin, veterinary ophthalmologist at BluePearl Veterinary Partners in Clearwater, Florida. Let’s go over some of the more common eye conditions that may require eye drops.

Dry Eye

An autoimmune disease, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (AKA dry eye) causes decreased tear production that dries out the eyes. Tears provide essential lubrication to the eyes, and without tears, dogs can experience redness and irritation and ultimately blindness.

“Medicated eye drops are necessary to stop the autoimmune attack on the lacrimal [tear] gland so that the tear gland can produce tears normally on its own,” Baldwin explains. “Until the tear numbers are normal, artificial tears are used to replace the tear film and lubricate the eye.”

Eye Infections

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause dog eye infections that lead to symptoms like redness, swelling, yellow or green discharge, light sensitivity, and squinting. In cases like this, Baldwin says dog eye infection drops prescribed by a veterinarian are necessary and “may need to be applied as often as hourly to eliminate the infection.”

Allergies

Your pup can be allergic to anything from pollen to certain foods, and two different kinds of allergy eye drops for dogs are used to treat symptoms like itching, redness, swelling, and excessive tearing.

According to Baldwin, antihistamine eye drops interfere with the cellular response to pollen and allergens to prevent allergic inflammation, while topical anti-inflammatory eye drops – including both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and steroidal anti-inflammatory medications – reduce inflammation.  

Glaucoma

Glaucoma increases the pressure in the eye, causing pain, watery discharge, and swelling in the eyeball. Without treatment, glaucoma can also lead to blindness. Baldwin explains that eye drops help reduce the amount of fluid produced inside the eye or increase the outflow of fluid from the eye. 

Eye Drop Frequency for Dogs

When it comes to how long you’ll need to administer eye drops for, it really depends on the issue. For an acute condition like an infection, your dog may only need eye drops for a short period of time. Chronic conditions like allergies, dry eye, and glaucoma may require ongoing eye drop treatment to help alleviate symptoms.

Types of Eye Drops for Dogs

There are a number of different eye drops available to treat canine eye issues. These include:

• Antimicrobials (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals)
• Steroids
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
• Immunosuppressants
• Tear stimulants
• Tear replacers
• Hypertonic saline

Almost all of these eye drops are only available with a prescription. Baldwin notes that while over-the-counter eye drops for dogs do exist, it’s rare to use them to treat dogs.

How to Use Dog Eye Drops

The directions for dog eye drops will vary depending on the medication and issue, but Baldwin offers some general guidelines for the effective use of eye drops for dogs.

Wait five minutes in between drops. The eye absorbs 95 percent of the medication in the first five minutes after drops are given. If dogs need multiple drops, wait five minutes to let the first drop absorb before giving the second drop.

Do not touch the applicator to the eye. This helps keep the applicator tip clean, prevents the spread of infection, and eliminates the risk of injury.

Check the expiration date. You should never give your pet expired medications, including eye drops.

Precautions When Using Dog Eye Drops

As with all prescription medications, Baldwin stresses the importance of using eye drops for dogs as directed — and once you start using them, monitor your dog for any side effects. If the symptoms worsen or don’t improve, call your veterinarian for a recheck.

In multi-dog households, establish a “paws off” rule when it comes to sharing dog eye drops. It’s possible for the dropper to pass infections between dogs, so each pup should have their own eye drops.

Can You Use Human Eye Drops on Dogs?

Yes! “Most of the medications we use on dogs are human eye drops,” Baldwin says. “Very few are actually made specifically for dogs.” 

However, it’s important to note that you should only use human eye drops for dogs when instructed by your veterinarian. Do not assume it’s safe to purchase over-the-counter eye drops for your dog at the drugstore.  

Baldwin explains that there are some human eye drops that can cause systemic side effects in dogs, so it’s crucial to only use ones that have been prescribed to your pet specifically.

Best Prescription Eye Drops for Dogs

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Because every eye issue (and every dog) is different, your veterinarian is the best resource for learning about the eye drops that are best for your dog. If over-the-counter drops will suffice, they’ll let you know. However, some eye issues call for prescription drops, like Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution 0.3%.

Veterinarians may prescribe Ofloxacin (also sold under the name Ocuflox) to treat bacterial infections or corneal ulcers. These eye drops are FDA-approved for humans and used “off-label” in veterinary medicine. You need a prescription from your veterinarian for these drops. 

Pros 

• Fast acting
• Sterile ophthalmic solution is easy to administer
• Clears bacterial eye infections and alleviates symptoms like pain, swelling, and itching

Cons

• Only used to treat bacterial infections; ineffective for other eye conditions
• Must be used under veterinary supervision
• Should be stored at room temperature

The post Eye Drops for Dogs: Types and How to Use Them appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Let’s face it: dogs with pointy ears are downright adorable. And although a number of different dog breeds have them – from Chihuahuas and Papillons to Alaskan Malamutes and Corgis.

“Dogs with pointed ears are guaranteed to provide endless entertainment, as most dogs are highly expressive with them,” says Marissa Sunny, supervisor of lifesaving and care at Best Friends Animal Society. 

Dogs with Pointy Ears: A Brief History

Because it’s a common ear structure, you’ll spot dogs with pointy ears (also called pricked ears) everywhere from the dog park to the pet store to the animal shelter.

This specific (and yes, incredibly cute!) type of ear spans across all sorts of dogs—ranging from big to small, black to white, and long-haired to short-haired. 

When it comes to their senses, dogs with pointy ears may hear better than their floppy-eared friends. In pointy-eared dogs, the pinna, which is the part of the outer ears that captures sound waves and directs them to the eardrum, has a larger surface area to collect sound. In fact, this might be the reason that wild dogs like wolves, jackals, and African wild dogs have pointy ears – it allows them to be more alert to potential danger.

It’s also important to note that dogs that are born with naturally pointy ears are different from dogs who have endured ear cropping. Ear cropping is a cosmetic procedure that is often performed between the ages of 6 and 12 weeks old and involves using a blade or scissors to change the shape of the ear. 

The American Veterinary Medical Association and several animal welfare organizations, including Best Friends Animal Society, oppose ear cropping for cosmetic reasons due to the limited benefits and potential risks.

9 Dog Breeds with Pointy Ears

They might differ in size, coloring, temperament, and grooming needs, but these nine dog breeds all have one thing in common: pointy ears.

Alaskan Malamute

This breed, believed to descend from wolf dogs, is known as one of the oldest Arctic sled dog breeds. Alaskan Malamutes are strong, energetic working dogs that are protective of their families and thrive on positive, consistent training. Sunny describes the breed as “a beautiful, playful working dog [that] is high energy and does best in cool climates.”

Alaskan Klee Kai

If you have a soft spot for sled dogs but live in an apartment or small space, the Alaskan Klee Kai can make an adorable alternative. This companion-sized dog breed was first created in the 1970s using four different types of dogs: Alaskan Husky, Siberian Husky, Schipperke, and American Eskimo Dog. Klee Kai have the endurance, speed, and heart of a Husky but in a smaller, pointy-eared package. Klee Kai can thrive as family pets and often develop a deep bond with their pet parents—although they may choose a favorite human. They are highly intelligent with an independent streak, thus will benefit from regular training—especially a solid recall—throughout their lives.

Australian Cattle Dog

As the name suggests, Australian Cattle Dogs were bred to herd cattle, nipping at their heels to get them to follow directions. These high-energy herding dogs are prized for their skills at working in warm temperatures and rough terrain across long distances. “These dogs are highly intelligent and playful,” Sunny says. “They benefit from a very involved family who can keep them busy.”

Basenji

Weighing just 22 to 24 pounds, Basenjis might be small in size, but their personalities (and pointy ears) are larger than life. The historic African breed was once given to Egyptian pharaohs as gifts. “They are independent and incredibly intelligent,” according to Sunny. Basenjis need a lot of exercise and often enjoy high-energy sports like tracking and agility. 

Chihuahua

Thanks to their diminutive size and short hair, Sunny notes that Chihuahuas are best suited for warm climates. Their adorable appearance, sassy personality, and affectionate nature have made them popular pets. “Chihuahuas are a small, loving breed that bonds deeply with their people,” explains Sunny. “They do best with lots of attention.”

Corgi

When it comes to dog breeds with pointy ears, few may be more famous than the Corgi. Queen Elizabeth loved Corgis and they continue to be popular companions for all types of households. Sunny describes them as “compact” dogs that stand just 10 to 12 inches tall and weigh up to 30 pounds. Corgis are herding dogs that are affectionate with their families and good with other dogs but also have a protective nature that make them excellent watchdogs. “They are a source of endless laughter and playtime,” Sunny says.

German Shepherd

Hailed as courageous, confident, and smart, German Shepherds are the quintessential working dog breed that are just as comfortable on search and rescue teams as they are on movie sets. “German Shepherds are a highly intelligent and even more loyal breed,” says Sunny. “They bond very deeply with their families [and] do best with a family who can keep up with their high energy.” This breed also needs consistent obedience training and lots of exercise to thrive.

Papillon

Papillons got their name from the French word for butterfly due to their oversized pricked ears that stand out like butterfly wings on either side of their heads. The breed was developed during the Renaissance period as companions for noblewomen. Papillons might stand less than 11 inches tall and weigh fewer than 10 pounds, but these dogs are equal parts athletes and lap dogs. “Papillons are beautiful and athletic dogs,” Sunny says. “They tend to be very skilled agility dogs.”

Rat Terrier

Rat Terriers were bred to kill rats and also originally excelled as well-rounded farm dogs that protected chickens, hunted, and guarded properties. With sufficient training, exercise and mental stimulation, these good-natured, affectionate, and playful dogs make great family companions. “Rat terriers are incredibly intelligent, so much that people may even see them as stubborn,” Sunny shares.

Dogs with Pointy Ears: Tips and Advice

All dogs, whether pointy- or floppy-eared, need their ears cleaned as part of their grooming routine, but Sunny notes that it might be easier for dust and dirt to get into the ear canals of dogs with pointy ears. Be on the lookout for excessive head shaking or scratching, which could be a sign of ear irritation.

You’ll also need to monitor for infections or other ear-related issues like mites, allergies, or foreign objects lodged in the ears. 

In general, though, as long as you’re providing the proper care you would to any dog, you should be good to go when it comes to keeping your pointy-eared dog safe and healthy. “Dogs with naturally pointed/pricked ears don’t typically require any special or extra care,” says Sunny.

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“It’s very rare for dogs to be constipated,” Derse says. “It’s not something we see commonly in veterinary medicine.”

In fact, many owners who report constipation in their dogs are actually witnessing the straining that can accompany diarrhea and other gastrointestinal conditions. 

However, on the rare occasion when your dog stops having regular bowel movements for a few days, you might wonder if there are foods that can get things moving or laxatives for dogs that can provide relief. We asked veterinarians for more information about dog laxatives. 

Laxatives for Dogs: Do They Exist?

Yes, laxatives for dogs do exist. In addition to several prescription laxatives and stool softeners made for dogs that are designed to get things moving, there are also chews, treats and herbal tinctures that promise to ease dog constipation. 

Your veterinarian might also recommend over-the-counter laxatives made for humans to help a dog with constipation, but Derse notes that medicines to treat constipation in dogs are almost never needed.

“Things are almost never slowed down enough to need a laxative or other intervention,” she explains. “Depending on the dose and the product, your dog could end up with diarrhea and dehydration.”

Are Laxatives Safe for Dogs?

Wondering what laxatives are safe for dogs? There is no easy answer.

“While humans and dogs use similar laxatives, they are given at different doses,” says says Dr. Leilani Im, manager for the San Diego Humane Society. “So there is a danger in overdosing a dog by giving them a human laxative without discussing it with a veterinarian.”

If you suspect your dog is constipated, make an appointment with your veterinarian before heading to the drugstore. There are other conditions that can mimic constipation, and giving a laxative for these conditions can have negative consequences. Your vet can determine if your dog needs a laxative and, if so, what the proper dosage is for your dog’s size and age.

It’s also essential to make sure that your dog isn’t dehydrated before offering a laxative. The reason?

“[Laxatives] work by inhibiting water absorption in the colon which can result in dehydration,” says Dr. Im. 

Can Laxatives Help With Dog Constipation? 

Laxatives can be a good dog constipation remedy. Some laxatives, called stimulant laxatives, stimulate the movement of the bowels to ease constipation, while stool softeners reduce the firmness of stool and add water and oil-based lubrication into the mass, making it easier for the dog to pass. Dr. Im notes that both can be effective for relieving constipation and getting your dog’s bowel movements back to normal. 

Even though laxatives can help constipation in dogs, it’s important to make an appointment with your vet if your dog shows symptoms of constipation that can include:

• Posturing without pooping
• Whining, crying or showing other signs of discomfort while trying to poop
• Hunched back
• Painful abdomen
• Loss of appetite

Your veterinarian can diagnose the problem and provide appropriate treatment, which may or may not include a laxative or stool softener.

Natural Laxatives for Dogs

While over-the-counter and prescription laxatives can be used to help when a dog is constipated, there are also a variety of natural options that may assist with the symptoms of dog constipation.

Pumpkin: Offering your dog a little fiber-rich pumpkin puree can help with constipation. It’s important to choose canned pureed pumpkin not pumpkin pie filling, which could contain spices, sweeteners and other added ingredients. Dr. Im also suggests purchasing a fresh pumpkin, roasting it, and offering the cooled flesh to your dog. 

Whether you choose fresh or canned pumpkin, Dr. Im recommends one to two tablespoons added to your dog’s food once to twice per day.

Mineral oil: Dr. Derse calls this an “old school” idea but it can work. Never offer mineral oil as an oral treatment for dog constipation. Instead, the Merck Veterinary Manual recommends using mineral oil (or white petroleum) as a lubricant that can be applied around the rectum to help dogs pass stool. Ask your veterinarian for tips and advice before trying this method.

Psyllium: This soluble fiber has a laxative effect in dogs. Researchers found that dogs experiencing constipation that were given a diet supplemented with psyllium had an easier time passing stool than dogs fed a diet without the fibrous supplement. Unprocessed wheat bran and Metamucil are examples of psyllium products. 

Dr. Im recommends 1-2 tablespoons of wheat bran or 1-4 teaspoons of Metamucil mixed into a dog’s food up to 2 times per day to help with constipation.

Probiotics: Probiotics for dogs have been shown to alleviate diarrhea in dogs but there is little research about the potential laxative effects of probiotics. In certain instances, Dr. Derse believes that adding a probiotic supplement could promote beneficial gut bacteria that prevents constipation.

“Probiotics are excellent for overall gut health,” Derse says. “I frequently prescribe them to dogs with gastrointestinal upset on an as-needed basis.”

Veterinary Recommended Laxatives for Dogs

There is no one-size-fits-all laxative for treating dog constipation. Your veterinarian will make a recommendation for suppositories, pills or liquid laxatives based on the specific diagnosis and treatment plan that is best for your dog’s overall health.

In the case of significant constipation, your dog may need a prescription-strength laxative. Prescription laxatives for dogs include:

• Lactulose
• DSS
• Cisapride
• Bisacodyl 

If your veterinarian prescribes one of these medications for your dog, follow the label recommendations carefully to maximize the medication’s benefits while minimizing the risk of side effects. 

Your veterinarian may also recommend a prescription diet, designed to reduce the risk of constipation. These diets are high in fiber, offering the benefits of fresh or canned pumpkin without the need to add anything to your dog’s food.

In cases of severe constipation, your veterinarian may also recommend an enema for your dog. After an enema, a laxative and/or high fiber diet can be used to maintain normal defecation. 

Laxative Side Effects for Dogs

Laxatives may help ease constipation but dogs can experience other side effects, including loose stool and dehydration, according to Dr. Im. It’s important to work with your veterinarian to treat constipation and monitor the potential side effects of laxatives.

“A veterinarian should always advise the owner on the use of these medications to ensure that the dog is getting the correct dose,” she adds.

The most important thing to remember about dog constipation is that the condition is rare and it’s best treated under the guidance of a veterinarian.

“There are different reasons why a dog can become constipated so if natural laxatives like pumpkin, wheat bran, or Metamucil do not work after a few days, it is important that you reach out to your veterinarian so they can help diagnose a reason why this happening and help treat your dog accordingly,” Im says. “Prevention is also key, so ensure that your dog always has fresh water and if they have a history of constipation they should also be fed canned diets to stay hydrated.”

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Do Cats Get Sad?

Pet parents tend to attribute human characteristics to their pets. You might describe your cat as friendly and spontaneous or standoffish and lazy; the same tendency applies to emotion.

Even though it’s impossible to know for certain whether cats experience sadness, it appears likely. 

“We surmise that cats can feel sadness,” says Dr. Bruce Kornreich, director of the Cornell Feline Health Center. 

It’s also unclear whether there’s a biological reason for sadness and depression in cats. Dr. Gary Weitzman, president and CEO of the San Diego Humane Society, believes that the cause might be different in cats than in humans.

“Most likely, depression in cats may have less to do with serotonin, which is our ‘happy’  hormone, and more to do with cortisol released by stress,” he explains. “An increase in cortisol can lead to all sorts of physical changes.” 

What Causes Cat Sadness?

There are a number of factors that could put your feline friend in a funk, from moving to a new home to the addition of a new pet. Cats can also react to loss, notes Weitzman.

“Cats create strong bonds with their loved ones and they certainly experience that loss, sometimes leading to stress, unhappiness, and depression,” he says.

Stress might also be to blame. Weitzman believes that some of the behaviors that cat owners interpret as grief might be stress-related. 

“Cats are creatures of habit and don’t appreciate change if they are happy with their current situation,” Weitzman says. “The longer a cat feels stressed, the more likely they are to become depressed.”

Some illnesses – including feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), diabetes, kidney disease, and dental disease – can cause lethargy, loss of appetite, and a feeling of overall melancholy. Sedative medications and chemotherapy can cause similar symptoms that may be perceived as sadness.

“If you notice signs, visit the vet to make sure there’s not a health problem causing the symptoms,” says Kornreich.

How to Tell If Your Cat Is Sad

Cat sadness can be difficult to detect. Some cats will sleep more often or lose interest in their favorite activities, while others will have decreased appetites. For this reason, Weitzman notes that it’s important to know what’s normal for your cat, and to be on the lookout for changes to their behavior.

Common signs of sadness in cats include:

• Increased sleep
• Low energy levels 
• Loss of interest in favorite activities
• Changes in grooming behaviors
• Decreased appetite
• Increase in litter box accidents
• More vocalization
• Hissing, biting, growling or other aggressive behaviors

Diagnosing Cat Depression

Sadness that lingers (and becomes chronic) might be diagnosed as depression.

There is no blood test or scan to diagnose sadness or depression in cats. Instead, veterinarians will rule out potential physical causes for the symptoms and rely on information from owners about behavior changes that could signal depression.

“If your cat starts acting differently, be extra attentive to identify those behaviors and consult your veterinarian,” says Weitzman. “The first thing you want to do is rule out an illness, injury, or pain. If your vet gives your cat a clean bill of health, start looking for lifestyle changes or environmental factors.”

Cat Depression Treatment

To help your cat overcome depression, start with enrichment.

Providing new cat toys and games, installing a new window perch or cat tree, or building a “catio” can provide stimulation to help alleviate sadness. Remember to dedicate time to play and grooming, too, because bonding activities can decrease stress and allow your cat to rediscover happiness. Other options include synthetic cat pheromones and cat-safe food supplements.

If your cat is still refusing to eat or interact, or showing other signs of sadness, your veterinarian may recommend an antidepressant.

“There are rare cases where cats may benefit from drugs to alter their behavior,” says Kornreich. 

Your vet might prescribe antidepressants like buspirone, trazodone and gabapentin, clomipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine to treat symptoms ranging from urine marking and hypervocalization to obsessive compulsive behaviors in cats. 

Cats taking antidepressants can experience side effects such as lack of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy; more severe side effects, including seizures and liver toxicity, can also occur. 

It is extremely important to never give your cat antidepressants (or any medication) prescribed for a human. Only give your cat the exact medication and dosage prescribed by your veterinarian. 

How to Prevent Cat Sadness

It’s normal for cats to experience sadness during their lives. Your role as a pet parent is to ensure that your cat has the tools to manage transition and to minimize stressors that could lead to sadness and depression whenever possible.

Weitzman suggests maintaining consistent times for meals and enrichment, providing lots of love and affection, and scheduling regular health checkups with your veterinarian to rule out possible physical illnesses. 

Provide toys that allow cats to exhibit natural behaviors like hunting, pouncing, swiping and swatting; offer scratching posts and perches to keep cats from becoming bored, which can lead to stress and sadness.

You should always be on the lookout for signs of behavior change.

“By knowing your cat and checking in on them often, you will be able to catch if your cat is stressed and acting depressed,” Weitzman says. “The sooner you notice, the sooner you can start helping them turn things around.”

The post Cat Sadness: Causes, Symptoms and How to Help appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Brindle dogs are common. The color pattern can be found in breeds ranging from Dachshunds to Irish Wolfhounds and in colors ranging from brown and black to red and blue. 

What is a Brindle Dog?

Brindle is not a breed – it’s a coat color pattern that consists of a solid color coat marked with darker stripes. Most brindle dogs have fawn or red coats with darker stripes in colors like black, brown, or darker red, according to Dr. Jerry Klein, chief veterinary officer for the American Kennel Club (AKC). 

Some of the most common colors of brindle dogs include:

• Blue brindle
• Brown brindle
• Black brindle
• Fawn brindle
• Red brindle
• Liver brindle
• Blue fawn brindle
• White and blue brindle
• White and fawn brindle
• White and red brindle

Brindle Color in Dogs

Some brindle dogs have the color pattern all over their bodies while others have brindle patches on parts of their bodies. Although the color pattern on brindle dogs is often referred to as tiger stripes, the color patterns are more blended or mottled and less distinct than the stripes on a tiger.

Klein notes that “a complex gene process” creates the brindle color pigment with multiple genes playing a role in the overall pigment.“Brindling is very difficult to test for and there are currently no commercially available tests that can detect brindle,” he adds.

The color pattern is created by recessive genes in dogs.

“A dog typically must have two of the brindle genes in order to present with a brindle coat,” explains Dr. Carley Faughn, senior strategist-lifesaving research at Best Friends Animal Society.

Brindle dogs might share common genes or color patterns but the breeds with this distinct coloring are as diverse as the markings on each individual dog. Brindle dog breeds range from large, short-haired dogs like Boxers, Greyhounds, Great Danes and American Staffordshire Terriers to small dogs like Dachshunds and Jack Russell Terriers to Akitas, Irish Wolfhounds and other long-haired breeds. 

14 Brindle Dog Breeds

Akita

The Japanese breed has multiple colors, including brown brindle and fawn brindle and their thick, double coats require regular grooming. Akitas are part of the “working dog” group and were bred as guardians. Klein describes the large dogs as “strong-willed and protective by nature.”

American Staffordshire Terrier

The medium-sized, short-haired dog that can have multiple coat colors, including blue brindle, brown brindle, fawn brindle, red brindle, black brindle, liver brindle and blue fawn brindle. Faughn notes that “AmStaffs” are best described as “playful, gentle and tolerant.”

Boxer

The Boxer is one of the most popular dog breeds in the United States. The breed weighs 65 to 80 pounds and brindle is one of the most common coat colors.

“Boxers are loyal, athletic, affectionate dogs,” says Klein. “Their patience and protective nature make them good with children.” 

Bullmastiff

Their large, imposing appearances make Bullmastiffs popular guardian dogs. In fact, the breed has been described as “fearless at work” for their skill in protecting game preserves from poachers. Despite weighing up to 130 pounds, these short-haired dogs are great family companions. Klein calls the brindle breed, “docile, affectionate, devoted companions.”

Bull Terrier

The Bull Terrier is known for its long oval head and stubborn disposition. The dogs, who can be white or brindle in color, are strong and muscular and, owing to their tendencies to be suspicious around strangers, make great guardians. With their families, Faught says, “They tend to be calm, easy-going and affectionate.”

Cane Corso

The breed dates back to the Roman Empire where their sheer size and stature made them imposing guardians. In addition to black, red and fawn coloring, Cane Corso dogs can also be gray brindle, black brindle, or chestnut brindle. While the Cane Corso can be docile and affectionate at home, Klein notes that the breed “has strong protective and territorial instincts [and] early training and socialization are very important.”

Dachshund

Short in stature and big in personality, dachshunds were bred to burrow into badger dens and retain that same active, curious, fearless nature required to get the job done. The breed comes in different sizes, coat lengths and coat colorings, including brindle.

“Dachshunds are bold, independent dogs,” says Klein.

Dutch Shepherd

The long-haired, medium-sized dog hails from the Netherlands where it was used as a farm dog, tending sheep, herding cows, pulling carts, and minding children. Their silver brindle or gold brindle coats can be short, long, or rough-haired and require regular grooming.

“This independent herding breed is lively, athletic, and smart,” Klein says. “Dutch Shepherds need mental and physical exercise to be happy.”

French Bulldog

Weighing in at under 28 pounds with the ears of  a much larger dog, French Bulldogs are affectionate, outgoing, and playful. 

“Frenchies are often loving lap dogs who enjoy lounging with their owners,” Faughn says. 

French Bulldogs can have brindle and white, fawn brindle and white, or white and brindle coats. It’s a brachycephalic (short-nosed) breed that can overheat easily so avoiding overexertion, especially in warm weather, is essential, says Faughn.

Great Dane

Weighing in at up to 175 pounds, the Great Dane is considered one of the largest dog breeds in the world. Their size earned them a reputation as guardian dogs—a role Great Danes still perform. The breed comes in multiple colors and patterns, including harlequin, merle, and brindle.

“Great Danes are known to be sociable and affectionate with good house manners when fully mature [and] they are courageous and protective with a sensitive, gentle nature,” says Klein.

Greyhounds

“Although they are bred for racing, greyhounds are not actually high-energy dogs and are often known as ‘45 miles per hour couch potatoes,’” Faughn says. “They are happy to nap most of the day and do not need a lot of exercise other than daily walks and occasional runs in secure, fenced-in areas.”

Greyhounds weigh up to 70 pounds and are regarded as independent and gentle. Blue brindle, red brindle, black brindle, and red brindle and white are among their colors. 

Irish Wolfhound

This ancient breed was used for hunting. Despite their reputation as fierce hunters that were skilled in taking down prey, the breed became a popular family companion hailed for its calm demeanor and agreeableness. The Irish Wolfhound stands at least 30 inches tall and weighs up to 180 pounds and their wiry outer coats come in a combination of colors, including gray and brindle and wheaten and brindle.

“They have plenty of endurance and need a fenced-in yard to run,” says Klein.

Plott Hound

The large scent hounds were bred to hunt bears. One of the coonhound breeds, the Plott Hound was developed in North Carolina and, true to their rural roots, love having space to roam. Klein describes the breed, which weighs 40 to 75 pounds and comes in multiple colors, including brindle, as, “bold, fearless hunters and loyal, intelligent companions that are eager to please.”

Whippet

“Descended from Greyhounds, Whippets tend to be friendly family pets who are generally good with children and other dogs,” says Faughn. 

The breed has a similar appearance to the Greyhound with their deep chests, thin waists, long legs and brindle color pattern but reach just 18 to 22 inches tall and weigh under 40 pounds. Whippets are fast, high energy dogs that need a lot of mental stimulation to be happy. 

How to Care for Your Brindle Dog

Since brindle is a color pattern, not a breed, there is no one-size-fits-all care requirement for these dogs. Brindle dogs can be large or small, long-or short-haired, energetic or laid back. 

“While some breeds do have some characteristics that may inform how much exercise or mental stimulation they need…it’s important to remember that every animal [has] individual needs and desires,” says Faughn. “Shelter staff and volunteers are very knowledgeable about the temperament, behavior and history of the dogs in their care and can help make an appropriate match based on lifestyle.” 

All dogs, including brindle dogs, require complete and balanced diets, routine vet care that includes preventives for heartworm, fleas and ticks, exercise, and loving homes.

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There’s no denying that black and brown dog breeds are adorable. Their coats have that sweet, swirled look, and there are tons of great naming options for these bicolored canines (think: Sahara, Rolo and Guinness). 

Black and Brown Dogs: Are They Rare?

There are big black and brown dog breeds, small black and brown dog breeds, black and brown dog breeds with long hair and black and brown dog breeds with short hair. 

“Black and brown is a fairly common color mix for dogs,” says Marissa Sunny, supervisor of lifesaving and care for Best Friends Animal Society.

13 Black and Brown Dog Breeds

If you’re looking to add a dog breed with black and brown fur to your family, consider one of these 13 breeds.

• Airedale Terrier
• Australian Kelpie
• Beauceron 
• Belgian Malinois
• Chihuahua
• Coonhound
• Dachshund
• Doberman Pinscher
• German Pinscher
• German Shepherd
• Manchester Toy Terrier
• Miniature Pinscher
• Rottweiler

Airedale Terrier

The breed has been dubbed “The King of Terriers” due to their skills as an athlete, hunter and companion. Bred in England in the 1800s, Airedale Terriers started as duck hunters and later served alongside the British Armed Forces in World War I. These dogs have also been used for herding, guarding and search and rescue. 

The short-to medium-length wiry black and tan coats are one of the hallmark features of the Airedale Terrier. 

Australian Kelpie

Prized for their tireless work ethic, stamina and skill, Australian Kelpies were bred to herd sheep over vast expanses of land, navigating rugged terrain and working in extreme heat. The breed retains their skills as shepherds and is an excellent companion for active families.

“The Australian Kelpie is an amazing herding dog with almost endless energy,” says Sunny.

Australian Kelpies are medium-sized dogs weighing between 35 and 50 pounds and have short, smooth coats in various colors, including black, chocolate, fawn and red and black and tan.

Beauceron

The French breed, also known as Berger de Beauce or Bas Rouge, dates back to the 19th Century when used as a herding dog, protector and fearless companion. It wasn’t recognized as an official breed by the American Kennel Club until 2007.

“Beaucerons are extremely loving and protective,” says Sunny. “They are high energy and bond closely to their people.” 

The Beauceron could be mistaken for a German Shepherd mix based on their looks. These energetic dogs weigh between 70 to 110 pounds, and their short, smooth black and tan (or black and rust or gray, black and tan) coats often shed, requiring regular grooming.

Belgian Malinois

Named for the region in Malines, Belgium, where the breed was developed, the Belgian Malinois looks a lot like the German Shepherd thanks, in part, to its long, coarse, black and tan coat. Belgian Malinois have longer legs and a more delicate build.

Like the German Shepherd, the Belgian Malinois is also a working dog breed that requires lots of exercise and training and has strong protective instincts. The breed excels in police and military units. 

“They benefit from lots of exercise and a tight-knit family that they can bond with,” Sunny says.

Chihuahua

The Chihuahua got its moniker from the Mexican state of the same name. It is believed to be among the oldest breeds in the Americas. The Techichi, a larger, heavier ancestor of the breed, has origins dating back to the 12th century. 

Chihuahuas have two coat types (long and smooth) and multiple coat colors, from cream and fawn to black and tan.

It’s a breed known for their sassy demeanor, and Sunny says, “Chihuahuas have big personalities and do best with families who will take the time to understand their body language.”

Coonhound

Coonhounds got their name for their skill in hunting raccoons. These are lean, agile hunting dogs with the speed and athleticism to chase down their prey.

“[Coonhounds] are sociable dogs with a sensitive nose and strong prey drive,” says American Kennel Club executive secretary Gina DiNardo. “They are moderately active and do well with long walks or play sessions in a sturdy fenced-in yard.”

Coonhounds have long ears and high-pitched barks; their medium-length coats come in several colors, including black and tan.

Dachshund

Doxies are small dogs with big personalities. The breed is known for being curious, affectionate and stubborn and thanks to their frequent barking, Dachshunds also make good watchdogs. 

“Grooming requirements vary with the coat types,” DiNardo says. “Smooth coats are basically wash and wear, longhaired coats require more brushing and wirehaired coats need to be plucked or hand-stripped a few times a year.”

The short-statured breed, which originated in Germany, comes in two sizes (miniature and standard), three coat types (smooth, wire and longhaired) and multiple coat colors, including black and tan. 

Doberman Pinscher

DiNardo describes the Doberman as a working breed known for its endurance, speed and intelligence. 

“Dobermans are fabulous working partners and devoted companions,” she adds.  “They are courageous, trustworthy, loyal and protective of their people.”

Dobermans are imposing dogs with sleek black and tan coats. The breed was developed in Germany as a protector and fast became a working dog that excelled in military and police K9 units. These high-energy dogs are playful, affectionate, active, and eager to please at home.

German Pinscher

These working dogs are among the oldest German dog breeds. Bred as “ratters” that chased and killed rats, German Pinschers still have the lean, energetic builds of hunters but prefer to stalk squeak toys.

“The German Pinscher is a multipurpose working dog with a protective instinct; they are independent, determined and have a strong prey drive,” says DiNardo. “At home, they are loyal, affectionate and playful companions.”

German Pinschers are medium-sized dogs weighing between 25 and 45 pounds with smooth black and tan (or blue, red or fawn) coats.

German Shepherd

Although German Shepherds are best known as working dogs that use their speed and smarts to work alongside police and the military, the breed started as herding dogs that helped German farmers keep their livestock corralled. 

German Shepherds are energetic and trainable; the breed is affectionate with their families but standoffish with strangers and makes an excellent guard dog. These large dogs can weigh up to 90 pounds, and their long, coarse black and tan coats need regular grooming.

Manchester Toy Terrier

The breed was developed from a cross between Whippets and black and tan terriers to create a small dog capable of hunting rabbits and killing rats. Initially, the Manchester Terrier was a “standard” sized breed that weighed up to 22 pounds, but a miniature version was developed and has remained popular.

Manchester Toy Terriers stand fewer than 12 inches tall and weigh under 12 pounds. Their sleek black and tan coats are a hallmark of the breed. 

Miniature Pinscher

Although “Min Pins” look like small Doberman Pinschers, complete with sleek black and tan coats, the breeds aren’t related. Instead, Miniature Pinschers, who weigh under 10 pounds, are believed to be descendants of Dachshunds and Italian Greyhounds.

They are energetic, playful and affectionate but are still known for their protective instincts, making them excellent pint-sized watchdogs. 

“Min Pins are often more confident than the average ‘toy’ breed,” says Sunny. “They love to play and can be good family dogs.”

Rottweiler

Rotties are known as loyal, confident guardians. These black and tan beauties weigh between 80 and 135 pounds. While Rottweilers are imposing and wary of strangers, making them good guard dogs, they are also playful, affectionate with their families and good with children. 

DiNardo describes Rottweilers as natural-born guardians that are “strong, calm, confident, loyal and protective of their families” and “silly, playful and affectionate at home.”

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Another reason this designer breed is a big hit is because of their low-shedding, hypoallergenic coat that gives them a giant teddy bear-like appearance. 

Do Goldendoodles Need Haircuts?

Like other “doodle” breeds, Goldendoodles can have a combination of coat types, including curly, wavy and straight textures, depending on the traits they inherit from their parent breeds. Regardless of coat type, all Goldendoodles are prone to matting and need regular grooming, according to Laura Giangreco, salon quality and education manager at PetSmart.

Depending on their coat type, expect to take your Goldendoodle to the groomer every four to eight weeks. Curly and wavy coats require more attention and grooming than wiry coats. In between appointments, Giangreco suggests daily brushing and combing to keep your Goldendoodle looking his best.

Popular Goldendoodle Haircut Styles

When it comes to haircuts, there is no one-size-fits-all look for Goldendoodles. Instead, Giangreco says that pet parents can get creative and choose a cut that makes the most sense for their dog’s appearance and grooming needs. Here are six popular styles:

Puppy Cut

This classic cut, also known as the teddy bear cut, is among the most popular Goldendoodle haircuts. To achieve a puppy cut, groomers clip the hair all over the body from one-half to three-quarter inches long; the hair around the head is rounded, the hair on the ears is trimmed short and feathered, and the hair on the tail is trimmed short-to medium-length while the hair on the feet is trimmed round.

“The benefit of this super cute trim is that it’s easier to maintain than a full coat,” says Giangreco.

Poodle Cut

Poodles are well-known for their unique cuts, and Goldendoodles can sport a similar style. The poodle cut requires clipping the face and feet clean and trimming the hair on the head into the rounded shape of a poodle “top knot” while leaving the ears long and creating a pom pom on the tail. In a poodle cut, the body hair can be trimmed to any length, according to Giangreco. “This look is stylish with that iconic Poodle flair,” she adds.

Kennel Cut

According to Giangreco, the kennel cut is the most manageable Goldendoodle haircut  to maintain between grooming sessions because the coat is trimmed to a uniform length all over the body, including the head, ears and tail. 

Lion Cut

The lion cut got its name because it makes your Goldendoodle look like he has a mane. Groomers achieve this look by trimming the hair on the body, legs and base of the tail short but leaving it longer on the neck, brisket (the part of the body between the forelegs and lower chest) and from the withers forward. 

To add to the lion-esque appearance, groomers leave the hair full on the head and mane but shorter on the forehead and muzzle and shave the tail from the base almost to the end, leaving a small pom pom.

“This is a fun and creative trim that can show a pet’s and pet parent’s personality,” Giangreco says.

Lamb Cut

As the name suggests, the lamb cut makes your Goldendoodle look like a newborn lamb. It requires clipping the body coat short to medium in length and blending it into longer hair on the legs. The head, feet and tail are styled according to preference. Giangreco likes this cut because the extra coat on the Goldendoodle’s legs helps keep their joints warm.

Mohawk

Give your Goldendoodle a mohawk and he might run off and join a band—or just look like the most rockin’ dog in the dog park. The mohawk is the same on doodles and people alike: the hair is left longer down the middle, from the top of their head to the end of their tails. You can also opt to have a true mohawk and limit the longer hair to the middle of the head, clipping the rest of the body short.

Although this is a little wilder than some of the more traditional Goldendoodle haircuts, Giangreco calls it one of the easiest to maintain, adding, “This is a fun style that provides easy maintenance of the body and legs.”

How to Choose the Right Goldendoodle Haircut

Your Goldendoodle will look adorable whether you choose a basic Goldendoodle haircut like the puppy or the kennel cut or opt for a poodle cut or mohawk, but Giangreco says that the haircut you choose is about more than just looks. 

Complex cuts like the poodle cut and the mohawk require more frequent grooming by a professional groomer. Be prepared to invest in trips to the groomer every four to eight weeks to maintain these cuts. If this feels like too much commitment, you may choose an intricate cut for special occasions and stick with more basic cuts as part of a regular grooming routine. 

Goldendoodle Grooming Guide

It is possible to groom your Goldendoodle at home. Stick with simple cuts like the kennel cut and leave more extensive grooming to the pros.

To ensure a good DIY grooming experience, skip the hairbrush under the bathroom sink and opt for tools designed for dogs. Giangreco suggests a medium or hard slicker brush or metal medium to wide combo comb for brushing. 

“When used correctly, slicker brushes and metal combs for dogs allow you to brush and comb through each strand of fur, which will help prevent a tangled or matted coat,” she says. These tools are made to be durable as their coats can be thick.”

Ask your groomer or veterinarian about the best shampoos and conditioners for your Goldendoodle’s skin and coat condition, and consider adding a detangling spray to keep their curls from getting matted. Remember, you might be trying to achieve a specific look, but Goldendoodle grooming is also about prioritizing good health. 

Goldendoodles with curly and wavy coats will need more brushing and trimming than Goldendoodles with wiry coats—but all Goldendoodles, regardless of coat type, need regular baths, brushing and trimming to keep their hair from becoming matted.

“When a pet’s coat becomes matted, the coat may need to be shaved for the pet’s comfort and health,” says Giangreco.

Grooming is also a good time to check the health of your dog’s skin: Look for fleas and ticks or lumps, bumps and other skin conditions that could require a trip to the vet. Ask your groomer to be on the lookout, too. This strategy ensures that grooming prioritizes good looks and good health.

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“People tend to see the wrinkly faces and are struck by how adorable the dog is,” says Gina DiNardo, executive secretary for the American Kennel Club.

Wrinkly dog breeds range in size from the pint-sized Pekingese to the massive Neapolitan Mastiff. In addition to their off-the-charts adorableness, DiNardo says that wrinkly dog breeds have something else in common.   

“All of these breeds can make great family pets as long as the prospective owners take the time to learn about the breed’s personalities and requirements for training and socialization,” she says.

7 Top Wrinkly Dog Breeds

Basset Hound

With short legs, stout bodies, long ears, massive paws and wrinkled brows, the Basset Hound is an instantly-recognizable breed.

And the Basset Hound’s distinctive appearance gives them a superpower: Their long ears swing, pushing scents towards their noses and the folds on their faces, allowing Basset Hounds to excel at scent work.

It’s not all work and no play for these low riders, though. Basset Hounds also make great companions that are especially good with children and other dogs—just be sure to take care of those big ears.

Bloodhound

When it comes to search and rescue efforts, Bloodhounds are the best. These dogs love following a scent and can often be found with their noses to the ground, following an invisible trail with their oversized ears swinging from side to side. These easy going dogs also enjoy the company of their people, DiNardo says.

Bloodhounds are big dogs that stand up to 27 inches tall and weigh as much as 110 pounds; their wrinkled faces are covered with loose skin. Their loyalty, playfulness and friendly dispositions make it easy to overlook their frequent baritone barking and almost non-stop drooling.

Bulldog

Until England banned animal blood sports, Bulldogs were used as fighting dogs in a gruesome and cruel spectator sport. Breeders who fell in love with the softer side of these barrel-chested low riders began developing Bulldogs into sweet, laidback companions. 

“They are docile, loyal companions [that are] kind and courageous,” DiNardo says.

Throughout their history, which dates back to the 13th century, Bulldogs have retained their distinctive appearances with furrowed brows, wrinkled forehead, massive chops and thick skin folds around their necks and chests.

Neapolitan Mastiff

The massive Mastiff can weigh up to 150 pounds and has abundant, hanging wrinkles from head to toe, including thick folds of loose skin around their neck and throat (called a dewlap). 

This wrinkly dog breed is believed to date back to 700 B.C., when it was used as a guard dog during the Roman Empire. DiNardo says that the Neapolitan Mastiff is still a prized protector that tends to be aloof with strangers but affectionate with their families—as long as you don’t mind being covered in drool.

Pekingese

“Pekes” might be small in size, but these little dogs have big personalities. Standing just six to nine inches tall and weighing less than 14 pounds, Pekingese were once the pampered lapdogs of Chinese nobles.

“Pekes are charming, confident companions that bond deeply with their favorite human,” DiNardo says. 

It’s hard not to fall in love with the Pekingese flat face, abundant folds of skin around their heads and long hair around their necks that looks like a lion’s mane.

Pug

Tibetan monks once kept Pugs as pets in monasteries where their good-natured personalities and adorable appearances made them favorite companions. Pugs are small, stout dogs with massive heads covered in deep wrinkles. Their large round eyes, button noses, blunt muzzles and slight underbites only add to their appeal.

“[Pugs are] mischievous little dogs that live to love and be loved,” DiNardo says.

Chinese Shar-Pei

The Chinese Shar-pei was developed in China more than 2,000 years ago, where it was used for hunting, herding and protection. In 1973, the breed was on the verge of extinction, but a devoted breeder helped the population rebound. 

Today, these loyal, independent dogs are equally popular as watchdogs and protectors as family companions.

“The Shar-Pei is very loyal to its family while standoffish to strangers,” DiNardo says.

The breed has thick folds of loose skin covering their entire bodies, with the most prominent wrinkling around their heads, necks and shoulders. 

Wrinkly Dog Grooming Needs

Dogs with lots of rolls might be cute, but these puckered pooches require some extra TLC when it comes to grooming, according to Dr. Jim Dobies, president of UrgentVet.

The skin between a dog’s deep wrinkles is prone to a skin infection called fold dermatitis.

“Moisture gets trapped in those folds [and] makes the environment conducive to bacterial and yeast infections,” Dobies says.

Friction caused when the folds rub together can also cause inflammation and increase the risk of bacterial growth.

Wrinkly dog breeds need their folds to be cleaned two to three times per week, says Dobies. Use antimicrobial wipes and make sure the skin between the folds is completely dry to decrease the risk of infection. The skin between the wrinkles can be especially sensitive, so be gentle during the cleaning routine.

Your vet may recommend a topical antibiotic ointment to treat more severe cases of fold dermatitis. 

The good news: Wrinkly dog breeds tend to have short coats that require minimal grooming, leaving you extra time to tend to their skin folds.

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This behavior is known as dog “zoomies,” according to Gary Weitzman, president and CEO of San Diego Humane Society. “Zoomies are how [dogs] release pent-up energy,” he says. “Dogs never appear happier than when they are doing zoomies!”

What Are Dog Zoomies?

Although we call these short bursts of energy “zoomies,” the official term is frenetic random activity periods or FRAPs. These sudden bouts of energy are different than traditional canine playtime, too. Dogs experiencing zoomies tend to dart back and forth quickly and may try to get you or another animal to join the fun. 

“Zoomies are more frantic and repetitive in nature than regular play,” Weitzman says. “They can come on when your dog is happy and excited, or they can also be a way for dogs to release nervous energy, like after a bath or going to the vet.” 

Although the dog zoomies can happen at any time, they are prevalent after walks, bath time or grooming, Weitzman says.

Why Do Dogs Get the Zoomies?

Zoomies are typical when dogs have an abundance of physical or mental energy to burn, according to Jill A. Goldman, certified applied animal behaviorist and founder of DJG Animal Behavior Services. And dogs of all ages and breeds can get the zoomies.

“All dogs can have these kinds of behavior patterns,” Goldman says. “Whether all dogs need to display these behavior patterns may vary.” 

Goldman says that the behavior can be more common in younger dogs and high-energy breeds (that’s why your senior Chihuahua may experience zoomies less often than a 1-year-old Border Collie). But even older dogs can zoom if they need to release energy, Weitzman says.

Your reaction to the behavior may also play a role in their frequency. “It’s naturally reinforced because it feels good, but if we think it’s funny and give a little bit of enthusiastic reinforcement (whether it’s intentional or not), it can also influence how often the dog displays the zoomies,” Goldman says.

Why Do Dogs Get the Zoomies After a Bath?

Does your dog race around the house at top speed as soon as he gets out of the tub? It’s not the scent of shampoo getting him excited. 

“Most dogs don’t love bath time, so zoomies after a bath usually mean your dog is releasing some nervous energy,” says Weitzman. “They could also be trying to dry off.”

Zoomies can also be seen after a grooming appointment. The stress of standing on a grooming table and being handled by a stranger are key reasons dogs may leave the groomer with a lot of nervous energy to burn, Goldman says. 

Why Do Dogs Get the Zoomies After a Walk?

It’s also normal for your dog to have a furious burst of energy after a walk. 

“Dogs have an exceptional sense of smell and they take in a tremendous amount of stimuli when they sniff around,” says Weitzman. “Even though they burn a lot of energy on the walk, they have so much excitement from everything they just saw and smelled zoomies are how they release it.” 

If your dog routinely gets the zoomies after a walk, you may not be giving him enough exercise. 

“If you’ve ever been to an aerobics class, the first 15 minutes are a warm-up,” Goldman says. So if you’re giving your dog a 15 or 20-minute walk, it’s essentially a warm up that can trigger zoomies when they come back inside.

Are Dog Zoomies Normal?

In a word, yes. Weitzman notes that zoomies are not a behavior pet parents should be worried about. “Zoomies are a very normal part of dog behavior,” he says.

Keeping Dogs Safe During Zoomies

The zoomies can come on suddenly, which means your dog is just as likely to race around the living room as the backyard. The quick movements, fast pace, and intermittent jumping can cause injuries from slipping on hardwood floors or crashing into the hard edge of the fireplace. 

To encourage zoomies and keep your dog safe, Weitzman suggests opening a door to a yard or creating more open space for them to run during their behavior. 

Indoors or outdoors, it’s also important to remove your dog’s leash (as long as your dog is in a safe area). Goldman warns that a leash could get caught on something during an episode of the zoomies, causing injuries.

How to Stop Dog Zoomies

Since zoomies are a normal dog behavior, there’s no need to stop your dog from their solo play sessions unless it’s inconvenient or unsafe. 

If you’re in a small apartment where there isn’t enough space for your dog to race around without injuring themselves or others—or if their zoom sessions annoy the downstairs neighbors—you may need to put the brakes on.

“If you don’t have a yard, leash your dog and take him for a walk or a run,” Weitzman says. “Any activity that will help your dog release the energy he’s feeling will help him to relax.”

Otherwise, just sit back and enjoy the show. “It’s a healthy expression for the dog and one of the most entertaining things to watch,” he adds. “Enjoy it.”

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The average dog owner spends 300 minutes per week walking their dogs. These walks provide dogs with more than just a chance to stretch their legs. Walks offer exercise, mental stimulation, and socialization. 

Whether you walk the same loop around the neighborhood every afternoon or lace up your sneakers and let your dog sniff out new trails on the weekends, follow these six safety tips.

How to Walk Your Dog Safely

Walking your dog might seem like the simplest exercise: Grab the leash and head out the door. But, it’s important to follow a few best practices:

Start With Training

Your dog may not know how to walk on a leash. Puppies need to be taught to walk on a leash and some rescue dogs might not have much experience with the joys of a daily walk. Providing some leash training before walking your dog can help set them up for success once you’re on route.

Talk to Your Vet

Not all dogs are up for long walks. Ask your vet when it’s time to start walking your puppy, whether your senior dog can still keep up with the pack, or if there are health conditions that might make a regular walking routine risky for your pooch. 

Once your dog learns good leash manners and has the green light from the vet, it’s time to start exploring.             

6 Ways to Stay Safe While Walking your Dog

You may not think that walking your dog comes with risks, but there are a few safety tips to keep in mind before heading out the door. Here’s how to make sure both you and your dog stay safe. 

Choose the Right Equipment

A leash and a collar might be standard dog walking gear but Ashley Foster, a certified dog trainer and member of the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers board of directors, believes that it might not be enough to keep all dogs safe.

If you have an escape artist that can slip a leash, Foster suggests a double leash system that attaches to a collar and a harness. Dog harnesses may also be a better option for walking dogs that tend to pull because it reduces pressure on their throats. It’s also important to find the right fit.

“Check out various harness designs and options and you’re bound to find a product that fits your dog’s body and doesn’t influence her range of motion,” she says.

Dr. David Wohlstadter, senior emergency room clinician with BluePearl Veterinary Partners recommends a fixed length leash over a retractable leash, adding, “With retractable leads, your dog can get too far away from you; if something happens, you have no control.”

Your dog should also be wearing identification tags with your phone number in case she gets loose on a walk.

Consider the Weather

Dogs may need to go outside for potty breaks in rain, sleet, heat, snow, and dark of night, but that doesn’t mean all weather conditions are safe for longer walks. 

In the winter, Wohlstadter warns that dogs could slip on the ice and sustain injuries. The chemicals used in ice melt could also cause burns, so it’s important to provide protection (like booties) and wipe down their paws with a warm cloth after a walk. In the summer, dogs can overheat and suffer from heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 

“A Siberian Husky will be fine in most winter weather but dogs with shorter hair, like Pit Bulls and Boxers, will get cold much easier and could benefit from a dog jacket or sweater,” he says. “Older dogs, especially brachycephalic [short-nosed breeds like Pugs, Pekingese and Boston terriers], don’t do as well in the heat and shouldn’t go on walks when it’s too hot outside.”

Obey Leash Laws

Know the local leash laws and follow them. It helps keep your dog safe and ensures the safety of other dogs (and owners) that are out for their daily walks. If your dog is off-leash in an undesignated area and runs up to a fearful or reactive dog, it could lead to injuries.

“Not every dog is dog social; some dogs may be fearful, frustrated, or reactive to other dogs coming into their space,” Foster says. “Owners of these dogs…will walk their dogs in areas where there are leash laws to make sure that they set their dogs up for success.”  

Pay Attention to Your Surroundings

Exploring a new neighborhood, park or trail is a great way to spend time with your four-legged friend, but it’s important to ensure the route is dog-friendly. Are there sidewalks along the entire route? Are there parts of the trail with steep drop offs? Look for other dogs on the route, too.

“If another dog is giving signals—barking, growling, starting to lunge—cross the street or turn around,” Wohlstadter says. “Be aware of what’s on the ground around you. You don’t want [your dog] to grab a bone or start licking up antifreeze that’s been left out.”

Additionally, it’s not a good idea to be looking at your phone or texting while you’re walking. Pay attention to your pup, not your phone. 

Pack Provisions and Water

Packing water and a collapsible bowl might not be necessary for a quick walk around the block but Foster recommends both if it’s hot outside or you’re heading out for a longer hike.

“Allowing your dog to drink from puddles, ponds or any other bodies of water can be risky for their health due to contaminants, possible parasites, and toxic algae blooms,” she says.

Watch Your Dog for Cues

Just as your dog jumps around when she sees her leash to let you know that she’s excited for her walk, she’ll also let you know if something is amiss when you’re out. 

Wohlstadter suggests looking for telltale signs that something is off: Excessive panting and sluggish walking could be signs it’s too hot while shivering and picking up their feet (to avoid standing on icy pavement) could be signs it’s too cold. 

“You know your dog best,” he says. “If they’re doing something ‘off,’ cut the walk short.”

What to Do if Your Dog Gets Hurt 

Sometimes even the best safety precautions aren’t enough to prevent illnesses and injuries. 

Purchase a small first aid kit that contains antibacterial wipes, self-adhesive vet tape, blood stop powder, and hydrogen peroxide spray to treat minor scrapes or cuts that occur on your walk. There are some kits that are small enough to clip to your dog’s leash.

It’s also a good idea to program the phone number for the ASPCA Poison Control Center and the nearest 24-hour emergency veterinary clinic into your phone. If your dog accidentally ingests something on your walk or sustains a more serious injury, the experts on the other end of the line can provide advice for how to proceed.

Taking a few precautions before your daily walk will ensure that you—and your dog—return safe and sound.

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“These are big, powerful dogs that like to work,” says Gina DiNardo, executive secretary for the American Kennel Club. “As with any breed, it’s important to do research to find the right breed for your lifestyle, whether you are a first-time dog owner or have owned many dogs.”

What Is a Mountain Dog Breed?

The breeds are known as “mountain dogs” because they originated in mountainous regions around the world. 

From the Saint Bernard in Switzerland, Tibetan Mastiff in Tibet, Alaskan Malamute in Alaska and Kuvasz in Hungary, mountain dog breeds are prized for their ability to work in cold climates and rugged terrain and complete a wide range of tasks from herding livestock to pulling carts. These breeds are also the pinnacle of perfection when it comes to being loving, loyal companions. 

“Mountain breeds are beautiful, strong, and incredibly loyal,” says Marissa Sunny, certified professional dog trainer and supervisor of lifesaving and care at Best Friends Animal Society in Los Angeles. “Many people are drawn to them for their looks, size and protective nature.” 

8 Top Mountain Dog Breeds

If you’re looking to add a spirited, sweet, energetic dog to your home, consider one of these top eight mountain dog breeds.

Bernese Mountain Dogs

These massive mountain dogs hail from Bern, Switzerland, where farmers depended on them to drive cattle, guard farms and pull carts. Berners might be large—the dogs can tip the scales at 115 pounds—but these are true gentle giants with great dispositions. Bernese Mountain Dogs are known for developing strong bonds with their owners. 

“Berners get along with the whole family and are particularly gentle with children,” DiNardo says.

Great Pyrenees

This mountain dog breed was brought to the Pyrenees Mountains between the borders of France and Spain and put to work as a herding dog as far back as 1800 B.C. Today, these large, loyal dogs can still be spotted protecting livestock in farm fields but Great Pyrenees are as devoted to their families as their flocks. 

DiNardo describes Pyrenees as, “sweet, mellow companions with strong protective instincts over its family.”

Entlebucher Mountain Dog

It’s rare to find an Entlebucher Mountain Dog in the United States but the breed is popular in Switzerland where it originated. “Entles” are smaller than other mountain dog breeds and make excellent companions for active owners who want to devote significant attention to their four-legged friends. 

“Entlebucher Mountain Dogs are incredibly energetic working dogs who benefit from a job to do,” Sunny explains. 

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog

Weighing up to 140 pounds, these massive mountain dogs also have massive amounts of love to give. Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs love children and strangers and take their work—and play—seriously. 

“Swissies are noted for their sociable nature,” says DiNardo. 

Kuvasz

Known for being fearless, energetic and alert on the job, Kuvasz (or Kuvaszok) can be sweet-natured with their families. Their strong protective instincts make them excellent watchdogs so it’s no surprise that the breed, which originated in Tibet, was once used to guard livestock and the royal palace.

“They almost went extinct during World War II but have since increased in population,” Sunny says.

Saint Bernard

“Saint Bernards are often depicted as ‘nanny dogs,’” says Sunny. 

The gentle giants weigh between 120 and 180 pounds, allowing them to navigate deep snow drifts in the Swiss Alps. The breed is still active in mountain rescue but are also affectionate, outgoing, adaptable, and eager to please. 3

Tibetan Mastiff

As their name suggests, the Tibetan Mastiff originated in Tibet where it provided protection in local villages. 

Tibetan Mastiffs have retained their strong protective instincts and remain reserved with strangers and, thanks to their sheer size (the dogs can weigh up to 150 pounds) the breed is still prized as a guard dog—with a softer side.

“Tibetan Mastiffs are very close to their families,” Sunny says. 

Newfoundland

DiNardo describes Newfoundlands as, “sweet, good-natured dogs that are gentle and willing to please.” 

Canadian fishermen often worked alongside the large, powerful dogs aboard their fishing vessels in the waters off of the coast of Newfoundland and relied on their strong swimming skills for water rescues. Now, Newfies are just as likely to be frolicking in the pool with their families as working on the high seas.

Leonberger

Unlike other mountain dog breeds that were bred to work, Leos were bred as companions. The German dogs are 90 to 170 pounds of pure love. Terms like “affectionate,” “great with children,” and “loves everyone” are often used to describe Leonbergers.

“Leonbergers are devoted pets,” Sunny says. “They thrive when spending time with their people.” 

Caring for Mountain Dog Breeds

Although all mountain dog breeds have distinct temperaments, the working dogs tend to have a few common needs. For starters, working in high altitudes requires a thick double coat for warmth and that means mountain dog breeds tend to have longer hair that requires a lot of grooming.

“These breeds are heavy shedders, requiring regular brushing,” DiNardo says. “Prospective owners should be able to keep up with daily or weekly brushing and be prepared for shedding seasons.”

Mountain dog breeds, like all large dog breeds, require specific nutrition to help them achieve healthy growth and fuel their abundant energy. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the best dog food for complete and balanced nutrition at each life stage.

It takes a lot of energy to guard livestock, protect homesteads and haul heavy loads and mountain dog breeds have the stamina to get the job done. Without specific jobs to do, these dogs will need lots of exercise to burn off their abundant energy, according to Sunny.

“These dogs do need a fairly substantial amount of exercise,” she says. “They are all intelligent breeds who benefit from a lot of mental stimulation, regular walks, and playtime.”

Using rewards-based training can help mountain dog breeds master basic commands and learn new skills. Even with training, Sunny warns that some of these breeds might not be right for inexperienced dog owners. 

She suggests consulting with a trainer to make sure it’s a fit, adding, “If a first-time owner is interested in these breeds of dogs I would recommend working with a professional trainer to set yourself up for success.” 

The post 8 Mountain Dog Breeds appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Just like the occasional sweet treat or salty snack isn’t harmful to our health, crunching on cat food isn’t going to cause your dog’s health to go downhill, as long as it’s not a regular part of their diet.

Can Dogs Eat Cat Food?

The question is not whether dogs can eat cat food, it’s whether they should—and the answer is pretty straightforward, says Dr. Megan McCarthy, a veterinarian at Best Friends Animal Society in Salt Lake City, Utah.

“In general, it is not a good idea for dogs to eat cat food,” she says. 

That said, don’t fret too much if your mischievous mutt sneaks a few bites from the cat food bowl. McCarthy says that the occasional mouthful of cat food isn’t going to hurt your dog but adds that, “if you feed them cat food long term, it can cause problems.” 

Can Dogs Eat Cat Food in an Emergency?

An ASPCA study found that 40 percent of pet owners who evacuated during natural disasters didn’t return home for at least four days (and some were displaced for up to two weeks). Moreover, most weren’t prepared to leave, so there was likely no dog food packed in their go-bag.

Suppose a natural disaster or other emergency forces you to flee with no dog food and no easy access to stores to stock up. In that case, cat food is an acceptable temporary substitution. It’s also okay to dish out a bowl of cat food if supper rolls around and you realize you forgot to stop at the store, but your goal should always be to get your dog back on his regular diet as soon as possible. 

While feeding your dog small amounts of cat food short term is unlikely to cause any significant issues, McCarthy says that any food change can cause some gastrointestinal upset. Diarrhea is a common effect of a sudden food change in dogs. 

Why Can’t Dogs Eat Cat Food?

Dogs and cats have unique nutritional needs and different vitamin requirements.

“Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they must eat meat,” says McCarthy. “Dogs are omnivores, meaning they must consume meat, vegetables, and usually a carbohydrate source. Dogs require a diet with more variety than cats.”  

In addition, cats need more protein than dogs and require additional nutrients, including the amino acids taurine and arginine and higher amounts of niacin and certain B vitamins. Feeding your dog food formulated for cats may create imbalances in the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development.

McCarthy says companies that formulate pet foods will stick to a high protein source, fiber, and appropriate vitamins for cats. In contrast, dog foods have more varied ingredients with a protein source, vegetables, and usually a carbohydrate source.  

Can Dogs Get Sick From Eating Cat Food?

Even if your dog seems to love the taste of cat food, over-indulging or eating cat food as part of their regular diet could make him sick. McCarthy says that gas and diarrhea are the most likely symptoms of changing your dog’s food, but more severe symptoms are possible.

“The high protein content and different nutrients can cause health problems like pancreatitis [inflammation of the pancreas] and obesity,” she says. “The higher protein content can also be harsh on a dog’s liver and kidneys.”  

Can Dogs Eat Cat Treats?

Dogs should not regularly eat cat treats. Cat treats, like cat food, are designed for cats. McCarthy says that it may be okay to use cat treats for training purposes on an occasional basis, but advises against regularly rewarding your dog with cat treats, especially if your pup is prone to tummy troubles.

“If your dog has a sensitive stomach, cat treats can be a little rich for a dog,” she says.

What to Do if Your Dog Is Eating Cat Food

You might not be feeding cat food to your dog, but that doesn’t mean he isn’t seeking it out on his own. In multi-pet households, it’s common for dogs to raid the cat food bowl. 

You can prevent stomach upset and overeating (and an increased risk of obesity) and ensure your dog is getting the nutrients he needs by following a few simple rules to keep him out of the kitty kibble:

• Feed your dog and cat in separate rooms.
• Do not let your pets free feed (graze throughout the day) and remove uneaten food after mealtime.
• Place cat food bowls on countertops or elevated surfaces, out of your dog’s reach.

Whether your dog sneaks a few bites from the cat food bowl or eats a can of wet cat food in an emergency, it’s okay for your dog to eat small amounts of cat food, but it should never be the mainstay of his diet.

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Dog shaking is common and there are myriad causes and ways to tame the trembling. So, if you’re wondering why your dog shakes and how to help, let’s dig in.  

Dog Shaking: Some Common Causes

There is no single reason dogs might shake, tremble or twitch, according to Dr. Jami-Lyn Derse, veterinarian and founder of Veterinary Housecall Care. Commonly, dog shaking is related to: 

• Fear
• Anxiety
• Excitement
• Medical conditions
• Exposure to toxic substances
• Pain
• Dreaming

“You can’t just look at a dog shaking and know the reason,” Derse says. “You have to look at the whole clinical picture.”

Derse advises pet parents to play detective. Does your dog only shake in his sleep? Is he shaking his leg or does his whole body tremble? What situations seem to trigger shaking or make it worse? Paying attention to the specifics allows you to provide valuable information to your vet that can help with a diagnosis.

Why Does My Dog Shake in His Sleep?

It’s common for dogs to move and shake in their sleep while they are dreaming. Your dog might be conjuring up chasing a squirrel, running free through the woods, or jumping up on the table to snatch a tasty treat. The vivid dreams may cause your Labrador’s legs to twitch or your Boxer’s entire body to shake. As long as your dog is only shaking in his sleep, Derse believes the movements can be chalked up to happy dreams.

Why Does My Dog Shake His Head?

Ear infections are among the most common reasons dogs shake their heads. In addition to frequent head shaking, Derse suggests looking for symptoms like odor, discharge, excessive scratching, hair loss around the ears and not wanting to be touched on the ears.

Bacterial and yeast infections can affect any breed but floppy-eared breeds like Cocker Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, Brittany Spaniels and West Highland Terriers are more prone to getting ear infections.

If your dog is shaking his head and you notice other symptoms like odor, scratching or discharge, make an appointment with your veterinarian to get your dog’s ears checked. 

Why Does My Dog’s Leg Shake?

If your dog’s legs shake or he struggles to walk, pain could be the culprit. “Pain is one of the biggest reasons dogs shake. The pain causes them to tense up and holding all of that tension causes them to shake,” Derse says. “Many owners don’t realize that shaking is one of the clinical signs of pain.”

Pain that causes shaking legs could be due to anything from osteoarthritis to injuries. It may be accompanied by other symptoms such as whining or whimpering, growling or snapping, panting and shaking or lack of appetite. 

If you suspect your dog’s legs are shaking due to pain, make an appointment with your veterinarian.

Why Does My Dog Shake in the Car?

Some dogs love to ride in cars, sticking their heads out the window to feel the cool air whipping through their fur, while others spend the entire ride trembling in the backseat. If your normally easygoing pup turns into a shaking mess in the car, Derse notes that anxiety could be to blame.

Excitement could also cause your dog to shake in the car, especially if he associates car rides with trips to his favorite places like the dog park, hiking trails, or the beach. 

“Some dogs get so excited that they can’t contain it and they start shaking,” Derse says.

If your dog is shaking in the car due to stress or anxiety, there are calming aids that can help including calming vests or supplements. 

Why Does My Dog Shake When I Pet Him?

Touch and petting can elicit both a fear or pleasure response in dogs. Look for other clues and body language to determine whether your dog is shaking from excitement or fear. Does he tuck his tail and try to hide when you attempt to pet him or wag his tail, put his front paws in your lap and nudge you with his nose to beg for more?

Understanding behavioral cues can help you understand your dog’s response. If it’s fear-based, working with a veterinarian, trainer, or behaviorist can help create a positive association with being petted.

Do Dogs Shiver When It’s Cold?

A dog shivering is rarely due to feeling cold. “Pet owners see their dog shaking, assume it’s cold, and put a sweater or blanket on them,” Derse says. “It rarely happens that dogs shake because they’re cold.”

However, it is possible. Dogs may shiver when their body temperature is low. A Chihuahua left outdoors in sub-zero temperatures will start to shiver but a Saint Bernard might not have the same response. Look for other signs such as whining or whimpering, clamoring to get indoors or raising their paws off the ground to keep from touching cold pavement to determine if frigid temps are causing your dog to tremble.

Medical Causes of Dog Shaking

There are certain medical reasons dogs shake, including: 

Distemper

Distemper is a contagious virus that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous systems. Distemper is more common in puppies and unvaccinated dogs and symptoms include fever, coughing, vomiting, muscle twitches and convulsions.

Generalized Tremor Syndrome

As the name suggests, body tremors are the most common sign of the disorder, which is caused by inflammation in the myelin substance that covers the brain and spinal cord.

Epilepsy

The disorder causes repeated episodes of seizures. It’s often an “idiopathic” disorder, which means there is no known cause that can be identified despite extensive testing. However, liver disease, brain tumors, and kidney failure can also cause seizures that cause the entire body to shake.

Toxic Exposures

Certain medications, rodent poison, insecticides and even certain foods, including xylitol (the artificial sweetener), caffeine and chocolate can cause tremors in dogs.

Dog Trembling: When to See a Vet

You could search online for “why is my dog shaking” or “dog shaking uncontrollably” to try to determine the cause, but Derse suggests calling your veterinarian instead.

“I would much rather see a dog and tell the pet parent that it’s not a big deal than wait and leave something untreated,” she says.

With the help of a full physical exam, your vet can provide an accurate diagnosis and offer treatment options, which may range from medication, calming products, or behavior modification to help your dog stop shaking.

The post Why Does My Dog Shake? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

An estimated 30 percent of people with allergies have a reaction to dogs and cats (that said, the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America notes that cat allergies are twice as common as dog allergies), so it is important to be sure that welcoming a dog into your family isn’t also inviting awful allergy attacks.

Hypoallergenic Dogs: Do They Exist?

You might think that adopting a non-shedding dog (or a dog with no hair like the Chinese Crested) means you won’t have allergies. But it’s not dog fur that’s the issue: allergies are an immune response to the proteins that are found in a dog’s urine, saliva and dander, not their fur. 

“All dogs have allergenic proteins,” says Dr. Courtney Jackson Blair, owner of Allergy and Asthma Associates, P.C. in Virginia and president of the Greater Washington Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Society. “’Hypo’ just means less, not zero.”

In fact, research found that there are no differences in the level of dog allergens in homes with hypoallergenic breeds and homes with dogs not considered to be hypoallergenic. Even the American Kennel Club notes that no dog is 100 percent hypoallergenic.

Although finding a dog that doesn’t shed won’t make your allergies go away, there are dog breeds that do shed less and can cause fewer allergic reactions; these breeds are often called hypoallergenic.

What Makes a Dog Hypoallergenic?

Dogs breeds that are considered hypoallergenic have fewer allergenic proteins in their saliva, urine and fur than non-hypoallergenic breeds, Blair says. In other words, the length of a dog’s coat (or if they have no hair) has no impact on whether it will trigger allergies in a particular person.

While there are no guarantees that a dog, even a hypoallergenic breed, won’t have allergens, there are a few traits that tend to make dogs less prone to triggering allergic reactions: 

• Reproductive status. Blair says that neutered male dogs and female dogs (both in-tact and spayed) tend to be less allergenic than intact male dogs. The reason: hormones affect levels of allergenic proteins.

• Size. Smaller dogs tend to be more hypoallergenic than larger dogs. “The bigger the dog, the more surface area and the more potential to shed allergens,” Blair says.

• Yappiness. If you have allergies, skip the breeds known to be big barkers. Blair says that yappy dogs tend to spray more saliva, which is a source of allergens.

19 Hypoallergenic Dogs That Don’t Shed (Much)

When it comes to allergies, dogs that don’t shed or shed less tend to trigger fewer allergic reactions. And low-shedding dog breeds come in all sizes, colors and temperaments, from petite Yorkshire Terriers and Miniature Schnauzers to Afghan Hounds and Irish Water Spaniels. 

Here are the 19 best dogs for allergies:

Small Dogs That Don’t Shed Much

Affenpinscher

Weighing in at under 10 pounds, the affable Affenpinscher has a medium-length coat. While these active, outgoing toy dogs do shed, their wiry coats are considered hypoallergenic.

American Hairless Terrier

A hairless breed seems like a natural fit for a home with pet allergies. The American Hairless Terrier requires almost zero grooming but will need a coat if you live in colder climates.

Bedlington Terrier 

This uncommon breed might be worth searching out if allergies are a concern. Bedlington Terriers have curly coats made up of a mix of long and short hair that is crisp, not wiry, and low shedding.

Bichon Frise

Although it looks like a fluffy cotton ball, the Bichon Frise has a white, curly coat that’s considered low shedding and hypoallergenic. Be prepared to devote time to grooming to keep their coats looking good, however.

Bolognese

The Bolognese might look like it has a bad case of bedhead but its long, wavy coat is silky smooth and considered hypoallergenic, making it a good choice for small dog breeds that don’t shed. 

Chinese Crested

With their hairless bodies and smooth skin with just a few tufts of hair on their head, ankles and tails, the Chinese Crested is a low-shedding breed with a punk rock hairdo that requires regular grooming.

Coton de Tulear

These sturdy little dogs were named for their abundant white coats that are as soft as cotton. The breed does shed and requires frequent grooming but their wavy, double coats are considered hypoallergenic. 

Löwchen

With a name that means “little lion” in German, these low-shedding dogs have long, soft coats with lots of waves that are often cut in a lion clip (short on the body with a “mane” and puffs of hair around their heads, legs and tail).

Maltese

When it comes to small dog breeds that don’t shed much, the miniature Maltese tops the list. There is some grooming required to maintain their long, straight, silken coats, but it is worth the effort.

Yorkshire Terrier

The toy breed is known for its glossy, floor-length coat that is both low shedding and high maintenance. Fortunately, these sometimes-feisty lap dogs will happily sit for grooming sessions.

Medium Dogs That Don’t Shed Much 

Basenji

With their smooth, short coats, independent natures and high energy levels, these hound dogs are a great choice for active families.

Kerry Blue Terrier

These terriers have medium-length, wavy coats that come in shades of blue, from light blue-grey to deep slate. The Kerry Blue Terrier’s dense coat is also surprisingly soft.

Portuguese Water Dog

In addition to being smart and eager to please, Portuguese Water Dogs have medium-length coats made up of tight, dense curls. These medium-sized dog breeds don’t shed, making them ideal for families with allergies.

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

These pretty pooches live up to their names: they have a medium-length, wavy coat that is low shedding and feels like velvet. That said, be prepared for a lot of upkeep as their coats can get matted without regular brushing. 

Big Dogs That Don’t Shed Much

Afghan Hound

With their long, flowing coats, an Afghan Hound might seem like an odd choice if you have pet allergies, but they shed surprisingly little and tend to have low dander. Just remember: It takes a lot of grooming to maintain those gorgeous coats. 

Doodle mixes

All of the “doodle” breeds, like the Goldendoodle and the Labradoodle, were bred (and gained popularity) as hypoallergenic dogs. Like their poodle relatives, doodles have long, curly, low-shedding coats that are easy on allergies.

Giant Schnauzer

This large-breed working dog is a frequent shedder and requires regular grooming, but their medium-length, wirehaired coats tend to be easy on allergies. The miniature Schnauzer is also a good choice if you prefer a smaller version of this gentle giant.

Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is a large dog breed that doesn’t shed much. They’re known for their trademark medium-length, waterproof curly coats that are perfect for swimming.

Standard Poodle

The Poodle is often the first breed that comes to mind when it comes to hypoallergenic dogs. Toy, miniature and standard Poodles are all low shedding and their long, curly coats can be groomed to achieve the traditional “poodle cut.”

How to Cope With Pet Allergies

 Since there is no such thing as a truly hypoallergenic dog, it’s important to consider how you’ll cope with pet allergies if your dog causes a reaction. Consider the following:

Maintain boundaries. Keeping dogs out of the bedroom (and off of the bed) can help minimize allergens in your sleeping space, therefore minimizing the risk that you’ll spend all night sniffling and sneezing.

Install a filter. In addition to your furnace filter, Blair suggests purchasing a free-standing high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in your home. “It removes fine dust and allergens from the air, including pet allergens,” she says.

Schedule a dog spa day. Regular baths can remove allergens from your dog’s fur, Blair notes. Just make sure not to bathe your dog too often.

Talk to your doctor. A board-certified allergist can recommend the right medications to control your allergies. The options range from over-the-counter nasal sprays and antihistamines to prescription steroid medications and allergy shots.

Consider staying pet-free. Blair understands the joys of having a four-legged companion but, for those with severe allergies or asthma, she suggests reconsidering adopting a dog. “It’s not worth sacrificing your health,” she says.

The post 19 Hypoallergenic Dogs for Allergy Sufferers appeared first on Great Pet Care.

There’s an obvious “ick” factor that comes from walking through the puddle of drool your dog left on the floor but it’s also just, well, weird. Or is it?

“Licking the floor can be totally normal,” says Dr. Sara L. Bennett, clinical assistant professor of veterinary behavior at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

Dog Licking: What’s Normal?

Dogs use their tongues for eating and grooming—lapping up kibble from the bottom of a bowl, taking a quick tongue bath, or offering up wet kisses are all normal behaviors, according to Bennett. However, habitual licking might be the sign of an issue.

“In the right context, licking is considered a normal behavior,” she adds. 

To determine whether licking is a normal behavior, Bennett looks at where the licking occurs. In areas where there might be food scraps—think near their food bowls after supper or around the kitchen island—dogs might lick the floor to see if something tasty has fallen. 

Frequency, intensity, and duration matter, too. Bennett notes that dogs that are licking the floor—or furniture, themselves, people, the air—nonstop without a specific reason could be a sign that something more serious is going on. In these cases, excessive licking of surfaces (or ELS), may be diagnosed.

“When it becomes more habitual—it’s happening multiple times a day in areas where there’s no food present…it lasts more than a couple of minutes and the behavior can’t be interrupted [by calling the dog or offering a treat], it starts to fall into the ‘abnormal’ category and we have to do some detective work to figure out why.”

Why Is My Dog Licking the Floor?

When it comes to deciphering the reasons your dog keeps licking the floor, there are a few common causes including:

• Food
• Upset stomach
• Stress
• Cushing’s Disease

Food

One of the biggest reasons your dog licks the floor? It may taste really good, says Bennett. A few drops of spilled coffee, a bit of bacon grease, a few scraps of spaghetti sauce can send your dog into a floor-licking frenzy to make sure every last drop is devoured.

“If you spill some food on the floor, of course your dog is going to be motivated to lick it up,” Bennett says.

When your dog is frantically licking the floor near the stove, your meal prep area, or the spot where she eats her kibble, Bennett says it’s likely nothing more than a desire to make sure every crumb is consumed. 

As long as there aren’t scraps of foods that are toxic to dogs on the floor, it’s ok to let your dog serve as a four-legged vacuum.

Upset Stomach

Tummy troubles are among the most common reasons your dog’s licker may be working overtime. In fact, one study found that 73 percent of dogs that displayed ELS were diagnosed with gastrointestinal issues ranging from irritable bowel syndrome and pancreatitis to giardia. 

“The hypothesis is that it’s a behavioral reaction to feeling sick to their stomachs,” Bennett explains.

It seems that the constant mouth and tongue movements your dog uses to lick the floor (and other surfaces) increases saliva production, which buffers against the acid in the stomach, according to Bennett. Or, perhaps the saliva provides added lubrication to make it easier to vomit, she adds. 

When tummy upset is to blame, your dog may be licking the floor and vomiting, licking the floor and eating grass, or licking the floor and panting. Your vet can run tests to determine the source of the tummy upset. Treating the problem should help control the behavior (and feel better).

Stress

Like all repetitive behaviors, a dog constantly licking the floor could be a sign of an obsessive disorder or stress.

“Repetitive floor licking can be a ‘displacement behavior’ and might be a signal that your dog is experiencing anxiety,” explains Dana Emerson, a veterinary technician and Karen Pryor Academy-certified trainer with the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center.

Emerson suggests looking at recent changes to the environment (like a move or new pet) that may be making your dog feel anxious or determining whether there are certain triggers that are associated with licking the floor such as thunderstorms, beeps, buzzers, or loud noises.

Understanding the trigger can help address the stressor and keep your dog from constantly licking the floor.

Cushing’s Disease

Increased levels of cortisol, the stress hormone, can trigger chronic stress, leading to a diagnosis of Cushing’s disease, Bennett says. The hallmark signs of this disease include increased thirst, urination, appetite, excessive panting, low energy levels, hair loss, and frequent skin infections. 

Not all dogs with Cushing’s disease constantly lick the floor (or other surfaces), Bennett notes. “The chronic stress state works against the normal mechanisms of keeping the GI tract healthy,” and that stomach upset could cause excessive licking behaviors. 

Your vet can do blood work to get a definitive diagnosis and medications can help manage the disease. 

What to Do if Your Dog Keeps Licking the Floor

Remember, licking the floor can be a totally normal behavior, especially if your dog is lapping at the linoleum while you’re making dinner or dishing up her kibble—but if the behavior starts suddenly, increases in frequency or intensity, or happens when there is no food around, it could be a sign something is wrong.

“Talk to your vet,” Bennett advises. “They can do the detective work to get to the cause and come up with a treatment plan.”

Dog Licking the Floor: Diagnosis and Treatment

A comprehensive physical exam is often the starting point for determining why your dog is suddenly licking the floor. 

Your vet will be on the lookout for physical symptoms such as bloating, hunched back, weakness, fever, hair loss, and skin infections that could be signs of illnesses like pancreatitis or Cushing’s disease. You’ll also be asked questions about recent changes in environment or behavior like vomiting, eating grass, diarrhea, or loss of appetite.

Depending on their findings during the physical exam, your vet may recommend blood tests, X-rays, ultrasound, or fecal samples to get more information for a definitive diagnosis. When excessively licking the floor is linked to a gastrointestinal issue or Cushing’s disease, medication may be prescribed to treat the illness.

If there are no signs of a physical illness, your vet may suggest consulting with a behaviorist to determine if stress or a compulsive disorder could be to blame.

With medical or behavioral treatment, your dog can go from obsessively licking the floor to only tasting the tile when food has fallen.

The post Why Is My Dog Licking the Floor? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Puppy foods were formulated to ensure that puppies ranging from diminutive Dachshunds to giant Great Danes receive the essential vitamins, minerals and nutrients to grow from small, wriggling puppies into healthy adults.

Our Picks:

• Best Overall Winner: JustFoodForDogs Chicken and White Rice
• Best Dry Puppy Food: Open Farm Ancient Grains High-Protein Puppy Food
• Best Human-Grade Puppy Food: Raised Right
• Best Small Breed Puppy Food: Hill’s Science Diet Small Breed Puppy Dry Dog Food
• Best Puppy Food for Medium Breeds: Diamond Naturals Small Breed Puppy Formula Dry Dog Food
• Best Large Breed Puppy Food: Blue Buffalo Life Protection Formula Large Breed Puppy Chicken & Brown Rice Recipe
• Best Wet Puppy Food: Wellness Complete Health Just for Puppy Canned Dog Food
• Best Puppy Food for Sensitive Stomach: CANIDAE Grain-Free PURE Puppy Limited Ingredient Chicken, Lentil & Whole Egg Recipe
• Best Grain-Free Puppy Food: Merrick Grain-Free Real Texas Beef + Sweet Potato Puppy Food

Puppy vs Adult Dog Food: What’s the Difference?

It might be impossible to tell the difference between a bowl of puppy food and a bowl of adult food, but that doesn’t mean both formulas are the same. 

“Puppies have different nutrient needs than adult dogs,” says Dr. Angela Rollins, clinical associate professor of nutrition at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center and diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Specifically, puppies need different amounts of calcium and phosphorus; adult foods don’t contain enough of these essential nutrients for healthy bone development in younger dogs, Rollins says. 

Puppy foods also contain higher amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that puppies need for healthy brain development.

Puppy Food: What to Look For

When it comes to choosing the best foods for your growing (and adorable) puppy, obsessing over individual ingredients isn’t important, according to Rollins.

Instead of reading endless ingredient labels, Rollins suggests looking for two things: the “life stage” listed on the bag and the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) seal. Puppies need puppy food, not adult food, to ensure that they receive all of the essential ingredients for optimal growth and development. The AAFCO seal is another indication that a dog food is complete and balanced. In other words, it contains all of the nutrients that dogs require at each life stage and the nutrients are in the correct proportions. Any puppy food with the AAFCO seal is a good choice for a healthy diet, Rollins says.

If you have a large breed puppy—we’re talking about you, German Shepherds, Mastiffs and Rottweilers—look for foods designed with their size in mind. 

Rollins notes that large breed puppies have specific nutritional needs and require foods with the right balance of nutrients. These formulations have higher protein levels and essential fatty acids like DHA that were designed to promote slower, steadier growth; large breed puppy foods are also less calorie dense, allowing growing puppies to eat enough to feel full without overeating.

Best Puppy Food Brands

There are several quality pet foods on the market, including these top brands:

• Blue Buffalo
• Diamond Naturals
• Raised Right
• Fromms
• Iams
• JustFoodForDogs
• Nutrisource
• Open Farm
• Pedigree
• Royal Canin
• Science Diet

9 Best Puppy Food Formulas to Try

All featured products are chosen at the discretion of the author. However, GreatPetCare may make a small affiliate commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Best Puppy Food: Overall Winner

Our pick: JustFoodForDogs Chicken and White Rice

Made with fresh whole foods like chicken, white rice and nutrient-rich fruits and veggies. It’s chock full of nutrients like vitamin B5, B6, iron, selenium, zinc and niacin. The fresh, frozen food is a premium alternative to conventional kibble and was designed to provide optimal nutrition and flavor. Treat your puppy’s palate to the Puppy Variety Pack featuring Chicken & White Rice and Fish & Sweet Potato. Your puppy gets the wholesome goodness and you save 50 percent on your first variety box.

Highlights

• Contains the optimal amounts of calcium and phosphorus to support the nutritional needs of growing puppies.
• Made with meat from chicken thighs, which is more nutrient dense than white meat.
• The recipe underwent feeding trials using AAFCO-designed protocols.
• Meats are USDA inspected and approved for human consumption.
• Gluten-free, no preservatives.
• Vet-trained consultants are available to make recommendations and an online feeding calculator provides portion recommendations. 
• Available via auto-ship deliveries in small, medium and large boxes (ranging from 7.8 pounds to 31.5 pounds).

Things to Consider

• Transitioning from conventional kibble to fresh frozen puppy foods can take up to 10 days to avoid stomach upset.
• Must be kept frozen and thawed before serving.
• With prices starting at $55.65 for a small box, fresh frozen dog foods could be cost prohibitive.

Sample buyer review: “My dog loves the chicken and rice recipe. I love the fact that he is getting the best food and it’s convenient with the easy to serve portions. Great food for dogs!”

Best Dry Puppy Food

Our pick: Open Farm Ancient Grains High-Protein Puppy Food

Save 20% off first auto-ship order! Use code GPC20

This kibble is billed as “ethically sourced from farm to bowl.” All of the ingredients from chicken, wild-caught salmon, millet, quinoa, cranberries, apples, chia seeds and pumpkin are humanely and sustainably sourced and 100 percent traceable using the lot code on the back of the bag. 

Highlights

• Chicken and pork are 100% Certified Humane and raised without antibiotics.
• Ocean Wise certified salmon, wild caught using sustainable fishing practices.
• 90 percent of protein comes from animal sources.
• No corn, wheat or soy.
• Non-GMO ingredients.
• No artificial colors, flavors or preservatives.

Things to Consider

• The ancient grains recipe is not grain-free.
• Not available in big-box pet stores; must be purchased at local stores or purchased online and shipped.
• The kibble comes in one size (small).
• It’s priced as a premium pet food.

Sample buyer review: “Nearly perfect dog food: ethical, humanely sourced, can track everything and all the ingredients are phenomenal, with no fillers or junk. This stuff makes Origen look like junk! I recommend this to ALL of my friends/family from puppyhood on up, especially for rotational feeding. Please keep up the fantastic work, my pups need a company that cares.”

Best Human-Grade Puppy Food

Our pick: Raised Right

Get 25% off your first Full Box (16 bags) with code GREATPET25 

Raised Right has made a name for itself as a family-owned human-grade dog food company, working with veterinarian Dr. Karen Becker and pet food formulation expert Steve Brown to formulate limited ingredient recipes that are high in protein and low in carbs.

We especially like the brand’s human-grade puppy food options because every ingredient in Raised Right dog food has passed the same standards necessary for human consumption and all their food is lightly cooked in a USDA-inspected human-grade facility. Plus, every single batch they cook gets lab safety tested for pathogens like E.coli, listeria, and salmonella to help ensure their food is safe for pups to eat.

Then there’s the stellar nutritional makeup of Raised Right dog food. Most of their recipes contain less than 2 percent carbohydrates because the company doesn’t use any high-carb fillers like potato, rice, oats, yam, pasta, barley, parsnips, corn, or wheat. 

There are three recipes that are specifically formulated for puppy growth, including turkey, beef, and chicken. And when your puppy is ready to transition to adult food, Raised Right offers eight adult dog food recipes that uphold the same high standards of safety and quality. 

Highlights

• Veterinarian-formulated, limited-ingredient recipes are rich in protein and low in carbohydrates
• Each recipe is made with human-grade ingredients in a USDA-inspected facility
• Most of their recipes have less than 2% carbs because they don’t use any high-carb fillers like potato, rice, oats, yam, pasta, barley, parsnips, corn, or wheat
• Three different puppy recipes to choose from, designed for your young dog’s life stage
• Meets AAFCO’s requirements for a completed and balanced diet for puppy growth, including growth of large-size dogs (70 lb. or more as an adult) 
• Puppies can transition to Raised Right’s eight adult dog food recipes
• Each batch is lab tested and placed on a hold release program to make sure that the food does not ship out until it passes the lab safety test
• Choose from custom meal plans or sample boxes to try first

Things to Consider

• Follow the packaging and feeding instructions carefully, as each puppy’s caloric requirement is unique
• Food arrives fresh frozen and must be defrosted in the refrigerator overnight

Sample Buyer Review: “Having a puppy with allergies and a senior dog undergoing chemo, I am delighted and grateful to find a food that’s not only healthy but delicious for both of my beloved dogs!”

Best Small Breed Puppy Food

Our pick: Hill’s Science Diet Small Breed Puppy Dry Dog Food

This nibble-size kibble from Hill’s Science Diet is tailored for the developmental needs of small and mini puppies so they can grow and flourish. Made with chicken meal, barely, and brown rice, Hill’s small breed dry puppy food contains DHA from fish oil for healthy brain and eye development, balanced minerals for strong bones and teeth, and high-quality protein for building lean muscles. It also features a proprietary antioxidant blend, vitamin C and E to support a healthy immune system. 

Highlights

• Small-sized kibble for small breed dogs 1 year and younger
• Chicken meal is the first ingredient
• Veterinarian recommended
• No artificial colors, flavors, preservatives or chicken by-product meal
• Made in the USA with global ingredients
• 100% satisfaction guarantee or your money back

Things to Consider

• On the expensive side, but many pet parents like the peace of mind that comes from feeding a research-based, veterinarian-recommended brand 
• Only available in 4.5- or 15.5-lb. bags

Best Puppy Food for Medium Breeds

Our pick: Diamond Naturals Small Breed Puppy Formula Dry Dog Food

The formula, which includes chicken, kale, pumpkin, blueberries and oranges, was designed to provide the right balance of nutrients for small breed puppies. The nutrient-rich recipe also contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to support healthy skin, coat, vision and brain health.

Highlights

• Cage-free chicken is the first ingredient.
• Formulated without corn, wheat, artificial flavors, colors and preservatives.
• The combination of soluble and insoluble fibers support healthy digestion.
• Made in the USA by a family-owned company.
• AAFCO-certified as a complete and balanced food for puppies.
• Available in three sizes: 6-,18- and 40-pound bags.

Things to Consider

• Some ingredients are purchased from global sources.
• It’s not a non-GMO or grain-free formula.

Sample buyer review: “Our puppy is very active and had a rough life before we got him. He was dropping weight and needed something different. We tried 5 different kinds and this was the only one he gobbled down. It has small kibble and honestly even smells good, not like other food. Higher protein and fat content to maintain his weight.”

Best Large Breed Puppy Food

Our pick: Blue Buffalo Life Protection Formula Large Breed Puppy Chicken & Brown Rice Recipe

In addition to meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, the recipe contains LifeSource Bits, a blend of antioxidant-rich ingredients like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to promote healthy skin and coat. A balance of calcium and phosphorus also helps large breed puppies achieve optimal growth and development. 

Highlights

• Made with deboned chicken and whole grains.
• Formulated for healthy muscle growth and bone development in large breed puppies.
• No corn, wheat or soy; no poultry byproducts.
• Available in 15-and 30-pound bags.

Things to Consider

• One formula with chicken as the main ingredient.
• It’s not grain-free.

Sample buyer review: “I was using another high end dog food for my 3 fur babies and they liked it. My sister’s dog passed away and she gave me his food, this Blue Buffalo. I gave it to my dogs and they loved it! Even my 17-year-old picky eater pounded it down. I highly recommend this. I have happy kids now.”

Best Wet Puppy Food

Our pick: Wellness Complete Health Just for Puppy Canned Dog Food

The combination of chicken, salmon, barley, sweet potatoes and flaxseed supports energy, digestive health, immunity, healthy skin and coat, vision and oral health. Antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids support your puppy’s developing brain.

Highlights

• Made with two sources of proteins (chicken and salmon).
• Wet food is more aromatic and might entice picky eaters.
• Can be added as a topper to kibble.
• No byproducts, fillers, artificial preservatives or flavors.

Things to Consider

• It’s a paté, and the manufacturer notes that consistency can vary between cans.
• Not designed for large breed puppies that will reach adult weights over 70 pounds.

Sample buyer review: “My 4-month-old German shepherd absolutely LOVES this wet dog food. We use it to fill her Kong for a tasty treat before bedtime to help calm her down. We also have the dry large breed puppy dry food. The texture of this wet dog food is very smooth, easy to spread on a lick-mat, mix in with dry food, or pack inside a Kong. It has a medium-to-strong smell and she knows when I’m opening a can! She comes running!”

Best Puppy Food for Sensitive Stomach

Our pick: CANIDAE Grain-Free PURE Puppy Limited Ingredient Chicken, Lentil & Whole Egg Recipe

A limited-ingredient diet might be exactly what your puppy needs to calm a roiling tummy. PURE is made with just nine ingredients: chicken, Menhaden fish meal, lentils, peas, potatoes, dried whole egg, chicken fat, alfalfa and flaxseed.

Highlights

• Made with limited ingredients to minimize stomach upset.
• Contains probiotics, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals to support healthy growth and development.
• Made in the USA.
• No artificial flavors, colors or preservatives.

Things to Consider

• It’s not a veterinary diet and may not address the underlying cause of stomach upset.
• Expensive compared to other brands.

Sample buyer review: “My 4-month old Pit Bull loves this food. His coat is beautiful, soft and shiny, and he’s had no issues with diarrhea or soft stools that he’s had with other food. Highly recommend!”

Best Grain-Free Puppy Food

Our pick: Merrick Grain-Free Real Texas Beef + Sweet Potato Puppy Food

With deboned beef as the first ingredient—and 75 percent of the proteins from animal sources—this grain-free formula provides complete and balanced nutrition. The combination of protein and fats add flavor while contributing to healthy skin, coat, joints and brain development.

Highlights

• Grain-free formula.
• Added glucosamine and chondroitin help maintain healthy joints.
• Contains DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for puppy brain development.

Things to Consider

• Some pet parents reported that their puppies didn’t like the food.

Sample buyer review: “Charlie is a rescue who has been on this food since the day we got him. He loves it and his condition is superb.”

Puppy Food: Tips and Advice

Your puppy needs optimal nutrition for proper growth and development. Follow these feeding tips to keep them healthy.

Use a measuring cup: More than half of dogs are overweight or obese. Measuring out your puppy’s food (instead of filling the bowl and allowing her to graze) can help prevent her from overeating.

Limit treats: Treats are great training tools but avoid offering too many. “Treats shouldn’t make up more than 10 percent of your dog’s daily calories,” Rollins says. Too many treats could also spoil your dog’s appetite, making it harder to get the right balance of nutrients from her puppy food.

Store food safely: Wet food should be kept refrigerated after it’s opened and kibble should remain in its original bag (which lists the expiration date) and stored in a cool, dry place.

The post Best Puppy Food of 2023 appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Your sweet housecat is more likely to spend their time stalking stuffed toys and devouring kibble than tearing into tough prey. However, your cat’s teeth are just as essential to their anatomy as they were for their ancestors. 

Cat Teeth Anatomy: A Basic Overview

Your cat’s teeth are made up of several distinct components. The portion of the tooth above the gum line is called the crown. It’s covered in a hard, protective coating known as enamel that protects the dentin—the softer part of the tooth underneath. 

The portion of the tooth below the gum line is called the root. It’s covered in a thin layer of dental tissue called cementum. Inside the tooth, the portion called the pulp is made up of nerves and blood vessels. 

How Many Teeth Do Cats Have?

The number of teeth in your cat’s mouth depends on their age, according to Dr. Bruce Kornreich, diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and director of the Cornell Feline Health Center. 

Kittens are born without teeth. Within two to four weeks, their deciduous teeth—also known as milk teeth—start growing. Within eight weeks, kittens typically have around 26 teeth. And by the time they are 6 months old, kittens typically have a full set of 30 “adult” or permanent teeth: 12 incisors, 10 premolars, four molars, and four canine teeth. 

Kornreich notes that all adult cats, regardless of breed, have the same number of teeth.

Do Cats Lose Baby Teeth?

Yes, kittens do lose their teeth. Deciduous teeth start falling out around 3 months of age but kittens have such tiny teeth, you may never even notice that they are missing or have been replaced with adult teeth. 

Do Cats Lose Teeth?

While all kittens lose their baby teeth, Kornreich notes that it’s possible for adult cats to lose teeth, too.

Dental disease is one of the most common reasons cats could lose their teeth.

“Periodontal disease starts with gingivitis or accumulation of plaque on the teeth, which provides an environment where bacteria can grow,” says Kornreich. “It causes an inflammatory response in the tissue around the tooth… and compromises the supporting structures that attach the tooth root to the bone, leading to tooth loss.”

Trauma from car accidents, falls, and fights can also cause cats to break or lose their teeth.

5 Surprising Cat Teeth Facts

Different teeth have different jobs. 

Cats have four different kinds of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. And most types of cat teeth have different jobs, according to Kornreich. 

Cats use their canine teeth to puncture skin and grab their prey. They tear off pieces of prey and grind them up with their premolars and molars. And cats depend on their incisors—the small teeth between the canine teeth—to pick things up and help with grooming.

Toothless cats can still eat. 

In the wild, cats depend on their teeth to capture and devour prey. Losing those teeth can put a wild cat’s life at risk since they could easily starve. But domesticated cats with no teeth can still gobble up bowls of kibble at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. 

“Domesticated cats don’t have to catch their cat food,” Kornreich says. “Domesticated cats, even with full mouth extractions, can still eat; they may develop a preference for wet food, but, in some cases, they’ll even eat dry food.”

Cats don’t get cavities.

The term “cavities” conjures up black holes that need to be drilled out and filled; cats don’t get these kinds of cavities.

“Cats don’t have horizontal tooth surfaces, so they don’t develop dental cavities in the same way that people do,” Kornreich explains.

Cats can get feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs). These painful “cat cavities” occur at or below the gum line and are the result of tooth resorption, not decay. The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association reports that FORLs are on the rise, perhaps due to factors such as diet, chronic disease, inflammation, or genetics (1). Often the lesions go undetected, but they can cause symptoms like pain, excess salivation, tooth loss, and trouble eating.

Cats can get other dental diseases. 

Cats are susceptible to a variety of dental diseases. In fact, studies show that up to 90 percent of cats over 4 years old suffer from dental conditions, including (2):

• Gingivitis: red, swollen, and painful gums
• Periodontitis: irreversible swelling of the gums and weakening of the jawbone, which can lead to tooth loss
• Tooth resorption: the breakdown of the tooth structure, also a cause of tooth loss. 

Each of these diseases can cause issues ranging from pain and discomfort to appetite loss and infection.

You might not notice dental disease. 

Some cats are quite stoic and might hide the signs of dental disease or pain. Be on the lookout for symptoms such as excessive drool, bad breath, blood-tinged saliva, preference for wet food, or loss of appetite.

“The biggest surprise is when people realize how advanced their cat’s oral disease is,” Kornreich adds. “If you’re not looking for symptoms, they can be subtle and you may not notice anything is even wrong.”

Taking Care of Cat Teeth: Tips and Advice

Good oral health starts with a good diet. Several studies have found that cats fed dry food diets had better oral health than those fed wet foods (3). 

In addition to feeding your cat a complete and balanced diet, Kornreich recommends establishing a dental care routine at home. Yes, that means brushing your cat’s teeth daily.

“Most cats will tolerate having their teeth brushed if you start when they’re young and get them used to it,” he adds.

Skip the tube of toothpaste in your medicine cabinet, which could contain ingredients that could be harmful to cats. Instead, choose products that have been approved for cats (the Veterinary Oral Health Council seal is a good indicator that a toothpaste is safe for your cat). There are even toothbrushes designed for cats.

There are also a number of dental chews on the market. One study found that cats who received dental chews in addition to their dry food diet for four weeks had less plaque and tartar on their teeth and less severe gingivitis than cats who were fed dry food alone (4).

Cats should receive regular oral exams during their veterinary visits. The American Animal Hospital Association recommends that kittens receive complete oral exams to check for “missing, unerupted or slow-to-erupt teeth,” as well as baby teeth that fail to fall out in time (which could make it harder for permanent teeth to come in at the right positions) (5). 

“Many cats may need regular professional dental cleanings,” Kornreich says. If you’re not sure what kind of care or cleaning your cat’s teeth need, check with your veterinarian. According to  Kornreich, “Monitoring for dental disease is an important part of any normal veterinary visit.”

The post Cat Teeth: 5 Facts You Should Know appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Cats typically spend up to 50 percent of their waking hours on grooming, often adopting yoga-like positions to ensure that every hair, from whiskers to tail, is meticulously groomed. 

Consistent, thorough grooming is important for cats’ overall health. It removes dirt, dead skin cells, and parasites. It distributes oils in their skin to keep their coats silky smooth. 

However, sometimes a seemingly insignificant knot in your cat’s hair can develop into a matted, tangled mess. That can throw off your pet’s normal grooming regimen and may even expose them to health risks. So here’s everything you need to know about matted cat hair and what to do about it to keep your pet healthy and thriving.

Why Do Cats Get Matted Hair?

When fine strands of cat hair get knotted and tangled, they often turn into densely entwined mats that refuse to separate. Matted cat hair can form a noticeable clump in your pet’s fur.

“When cats groom themselves, their tongues, which are full of tiny barbs, remove the dead hair,” explains Samantha Bell, cat behavior expert for Best Friends Animal Society. “Mats are caused by excess dead hair getting trapped under the top coat and combining with the oils in the cat’s skin to form a hard, rough, painful lump.”

Mats tend to appear in places that are difficult for cats to reach (such as the back) and are more common in areas where there is a lot of friction (like the armpits), according to Bell.

Matted cat hair not only looks unsightly, it can cause your cat a lot of discomfort because the skin is pulled so tightly. The tangled clumps also prevent airflow to the skin, which may cause skin irritation and—in severe cases—even lead to infection. If the fur around a cat’s anal region gets matted, it can trap urine and feces, increasing the risks of infection. 

Some cats are more prone to matted hair than others, according to Sheila Bailey, veterinary assistant at San Diego Humane Society.

“Most cats are very efficient at preventing mats through self-grooming,“ says Bailey. “But many long-haired or elderly cats need extra help from their owners to keep their coats well maintained and mat-free.” 

The reason? Research shows that it’s harder for long-haired breeds like Persians to access layers of their fur closest to the skin (1). That makes their coats “un-groomable” and, without some grooming help from their owners, their fur is extra prone to matting.

Certain medical conditions can also increase the likelihood cats will have matted fur. Obesity can lead to poor grooming habits and/or mats Bailey notes that cats with arthritis may find it more difficult to reach all areas of the body for self-grooming. Other illnesses that cause your cat to feel lethargic or uncomfortable could also cause them to under-groom. 

“A sudden change in grooming habits can be an indicator that it is time to visit your regular veterinarian,” she adds.

How to Get Mats Out of Cat Hair

The most important tip to remember when it comes to removing matted cat hair is this: Go slow. Attempting to comb out mats too quickly could hurt your cat (and may make them reluctant to sit still for future grooming sessions). If your cat has multiple mats in his or her fur, expect to devote multiple grooming sessions to removing them.

For small, relatively loose mats, start by spritzing the area with a detangling spray formulated for pets. Then use a wide-toothed comb to loosen and remove tangled fur. With one hand, hold the hair below the mat, close to the skin. And with the other hand, move the brush gently through the mat, making sure to avoid or minimize pulling on the hair as much as possible. 

Larger mats may need to be shaved off with clippers. A veterinarian or professional cat groomer can often remove them quickly and efficiently, without stressing your cat out too much. Depending on the size and severity of the matting, as well as the disposition of the cat, some pets may require sedation in order to remove larger mats.

Regardless of the size of the matting, Bell offers an important caution: Do not use scissors. 

“Often, you can’t see it, but their thin skin can be so entwined in the mat that you will likely slice the skin and hurt the cat,” she says. “I’ve seen many well-meaning cat volunteers try to cut off a mat and find they’ve injured the cat quite seriously.” 

Grooming Tools Needed for Matted Cat Hair

When it comes to matted cat hair removal, some tools are better than others. Bailey recommends slicker brushes to remove loose hair and wide- and fine-toothed combs for loosening and working through mats. If the mats are severe, remember to skip the scissors and use clippers to remove matted cat hair instead.

“Clippers with an adjustable blade can help remove tightly matted hair close to the skin,” Bailey says. “Be sure to read the clipper instructions to get the best result and to prevent cutting the skin. And use quiet clippers to decrease the stress for the cat.”

How to Prevent Matted Cat Hair

It’s much easier to prevent matted cat fur than it is to remove established mats. Bailey suggests starting a regular grooming routine when cats are kittens to get them used to being brushed.

“If your cat is not thrilled with brushing, start with very brief grooming sessions—just one or two strokes—that immediately ends when you notice signs of stress,” says Bell. “Reward them with their favorite treat or wand toy after grooming sessions so they see it as a positive ritual.”

Supplements may also help prevent matted fur. Bailey suggests talking to your veterinarian about omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil supplements to improve skin and coat health. “Routine veterinarian checkups can also help identify skin and coat problems before they get out of control,” she adds.  

Feeding your cat a nutritious, balanced diet that helps them maintain a healthy weight can also help prevent matted fur.

 “Weight management is important,” Bailey says. “Cats that suffer from severe obesity may find it difficult or impossible to self-groom effectively.”

Prioritizing prevention with regular grooming, vet care, a nutritious diet and supplements are essential. But if your cat does get matted fur, acting quickly (but gently) to remove mats before they grow bigger will ensure that they can maintain good health and return to their regularly scheduled self-grooming routine.

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“It’s important for pet owners to note the expiration date on their dog food package to prevent feeding expired or soiled food to their dog,” explains Dr. Megan McCarthy, a veterinarian at the Best Friends Animal Society Lifesaving Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. “Expired dog food may have a loss in nutritional quality and may cause illness.”  

Despite the importance of heeding the expiration date, more than 10 percent of pet owners never check the expiration dates on pet food packaging and 7 percent admitted to feeding their pets expired kibble, according to 2021 research (1). 

Does Dog Food Expire?

Read the fine print: The expiration date on your dog food label is meant to be taken seriously.

The expiration date, which is often printed near the barcode on dog food packaging, is different from the “best by” or “sell by” dates, according to Dr. Oscar Chavez, a veterinarian and former leader of the Canine Nutrition Team at JustFoodForDogs.

“[The] expiration date is the date the manufacturer recommends discarding the product,” he explains. “[The ‘best by’ and ‘sell by’ dates indicate] when the manufacturer recommends the food be sold and used by. This doesn’t ensure the food is fresh, only that it can still be sold and should not be spoiled.”

Different kinds of dog food have different expiration dates: Dr. Chavez notes that conventional kibble and wet dog foods can have a shelf life of up to two years; fresh frozen pet foods will last a few months in the freezer; and fresh ultra-processed pet foods will expire in a few weeks. All dog foods will spoil more quickly after the packaging is open, he adds.

Does Dry Dog Food Expire?

Dry dog food does expire. Unopened, a bag of dry dog food can last up to two years, says Dr. Chavez. Once the bag is opened, it should be used within 4-6 weeks.

“Kibble is ultra-processed pet food and contains preservatives designed to give it a longer shelf life,” Dr. Chavez says. “Most dry pet food will go bad at home well before its sell by date due to fats going rancid, bad handling and exposure to the elements. Assume a bag of dry food will go bad in a few weeks after it’s opened no matter what the expiration date is.” 

Does Wet Dog Food Expire?

Wet (canned) dog food also has an expiration date. An unopened can could have a shelf life as long as two years, depending on the manufacturer, but, once the top is popped, Dr. McCarthy notes that, even in the refrigerator, it will go bad quickly.

“After opening a can [of wet dog food], it should be stored in a tightly sealed container in the refrigerator for up to three days,” she says. “If it’s left at room temperature, canned food should be disposed of after two hours.”

Moisture, heat and exposure to air can cause wet food to go rancid or allow bacteria and mold to grow. When wet food goes bad, it may have a foul odor, change in color or obvious mold growth—but Dr. McCarthy notes that those signs may not always be present, adding, “that is why it’s important to dispose of any opened canned food if not used within three days and any unopened canned food if past its expiration date.”  

Is Expired Dog Food Safe?

You might not need to look at the expiration date to know that a pet food is past its prime. Expired pet foods often smell off, leading your dog to turn up his nose at the food bowl—but he might be too food motivated to notice, so it’s important for the humans to pay attention. 

“Just like our food, fresh food smells like food and bad food smells off,” Dr. Chavez says. “Dogs may notice before we do because they are more sensitive, so if your dog rejects his favorite meal, it might be bad.”

Expired foods are not only unappetizing, they could cause health issues, according to Dr. Chavez.

“Just like us, [dogs] can get sick [from eating expired dog food],” he explains. “In more severe cases, they can have vomiting, diarrhea and stop eating altogether.” 

If you accidentally fed your hungry hound expired food, Dr. McCarthy suggests contacting your veterinarian

“If your pet recently consumed (within the last hour), your veterinarian may induce vomiting to prevent any issues with the expired food,” she says. “You can also monitor your dog for any signs of illness or stomach upset like vomiting and diarrhea, and contact your veterinarian if any concerns arise.”  

What to Do with Expired Dog Food

The best thing to do with expired food is toss it in the trash. Put it in a trash bag and and toss that bag in a covered trash can or receptacle to prevent wildlife or outdoor pets from accessing it, Dr. McCarthy advises. 

“Some local waste disposal or recycle programs may also use compost programs for expired foods and pet foods, so you can also reach out to your local waste management program,” she adds.

How to Keep Dog Food Fresh

Since kibble, wet food, fresh ultra-processed and fresh frozen dog foods all go bad quickly once the packaging is open, it’s important to take steps to extend the shelf life and preserve the quality.

Shop more often: Almost one-quarter of pet parents purchased two packages of pet food at a time even though 64 percent of pets took at least four weeks to consume one bag of food, according to research (1). Buying several packages might save on extra trips to the store but could increase the odds that your dog food expires before your pooch polishes off the entire bag. 

Make space in the freezer: Storing fresh, frozen foods in the freezer can extend their shelf life—but Dr. Chavez offers one caveat. 

“If it’s been exposed to heat or previously frozen and thawed above 40 degrees Fahrenheit, freezing is not recommended,” he says. 

Practice safe storage: Leaving dry dog food unsealed, pouring kibble into plastic containers or leaving food out too long are among the most common dog food storage mistakes to avoid. Instead, Dr. Chavez suggests leaving dog food in its original packaging and storing it in a cool, dry spot with limited exposure to heat and light.

Paying attention to the expiration on your dog’s food ensures that your furry friend is benefiting from all of the flavor and nutrients her dog food should provide and protecting her from potential illness.

The post Does Dog Food Expire? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

“People gravitate toward Labradoodles because they want to have the best of both worlds,” explains the founder of Michigan Doodle Rescue Connect, who goes by the moniker Nana Doodle. 

The designer dogs might be growing in popularity but the Labradoodle is not the right breed for everyone. If you’re considering adopting a Doodle, keep reading.

History and Origin

Labradoodles, now a popular designer breed, started out as a one-off attempt to breed a hypoallergenic service dog. The creator, Australian Wally Conron, the former head breeder for the Australian Guide Dog Association, bred a Labrador Retriever and a Poodle hoping that the mixed breed, which combined two well-known guide dogs, would be low-shedding.

The Labradoodle, which a New York Times article called a “ubiquitous, mopheaded designer dog,” became a fast Instagram sensation and is now popular throughout North America. It also inspired copycat “doodle” breeds, including the Goldendoodle, a mix of a Golden Retriever and a Poodle; and the Bernedoodle, a mix between a Bernese Mountain Dog and a Poodle.

The American Kennel Club doesn’t recognize the Labradoodle as an official breed. The Worldwide Australian Labradoodle Association, an international organization focused on improving the breed, created its own breed standard. The breed standard also allows the Cocker Spaniel to be part of the Labradoodle mix.

Types of Labradoodles

As the breed grows more popular, so do the number of variations on the original Labradoodle. Now, there are Miniature Labradoodles (Labrador Retrievers crossed with Miniature Poodles) that reach just 14 to 16 inches tall; Medium Labradoodles that are between 17 and 20 inches tall; and Standard Labradoodles, which can be between 21 and 24 inches tall and weigh up to 65 pounds. 

Since this is an ever-evolving breed, there are also F1, F2, and F1b Labradoodles. 

F1 Labradoodles are a cross between a Labrador Retriever and a Poodle, creating a “first generation” Labradoodle that is 50 percent Labrador Retriever, 50 percent Poodle. These dogs might not be hypoallergenic and may still shed. 

An F1b Labradoodle is the cross between a Poodle and an F1 Labradoodle. The resulting mix is 75 percent Poodle and 25 percent Labrador Retriever. As the dogs acquire more Poodle characteristics, the amount of shedding goes down and the likelihood that the dogs are hypoallergenic goes up.

An F2 Labradoodle is a mix of an F1b Labradoodle and a Poodle, creating a breed that is 87 percent Poodle and just 13 percent Labrador Retriever.

Within these variations, breeders might choose to breed Poodles to Yellow Labrador Retrievers (to create a dog known as a Golden Labradoodle) or a Chocolate Labrador retriever (to create a Chocolate Labradoodle).

Labradoodle Physical Characteristics

Even though Labradoodles are becoming more common, their curly coats and expressive eyes still attract a lot of attention. 

Standard Labradoodles can stand 21 to 24 inches tall and weigh up to 65 pounds and are the most common of the designer doodle breeds. The breed also comes in miniature (14 to 16 inches tall and weighing as little as 15 pounds) and medium (17 to 20 inches tall) sizes.

Nana Doodle notes that the dogs can have several variations in coat coloring and type from smooth coats and wavy coats to coats made up of tight, soft curls.

The Worldwide Australian Labradoodle Association refers to these different coat types as:

Hair coat, which similar to the longer, thick hair of a Labrador Retriever and common on earlier generation or F1 breeds)

Wool coat, which is dense and similar in texture to lamb’s wool with hair that hangs in tight or spiraling curls and is low-to non-shedding.

Fleece coat, which has a silky texture and straight to way curls. The fleece coat is also low-to non-shedding.

Labradoodle Temperament

Labradoodles are a mix of two of the most popular dog breeds and Nancy Doodle believes that the dogs exhibit personality traits from each breed. 

“Their temperament depends on the amount of genetics that each [dog] takes on,” she explains. “More times than not, they take after the Labrador Retriever. They are very loving, very smart, very loyal, eager to please and make great companions.”

The breed is known for its outgoing nature. Labradoodles will happily hang out at home while their owners are at work but form strong bonds with their owners and love being part of family activities. 

Labradoodles are patient with dog-savvy children and get along well with other family pets, including cats. 

“They are great dogs for first time dog owners,” Doodle says.

Similar to Labrador Retrievers and Poodles, Labradoodles are energetic and need regular exercise. A brisk walk around the block might do for some of these dogs but most prefer high octane activities such as running, hiking, swimming, games of fetch and romps at the dog park, according to Dr. Christian Latimer, a surgeon at Veterinary Referral Hospital of Hickory.

Labradoodles, like their Poodle parents or grandparents, are intelligent and require early and consistent training. Latimer recommends a basic obedience class and regular positive, rewards-based training at home, adding, “It sets the tone for good behavior for the lifetime of the dog.”

Labradoodle Care Guide

Like all dog breeds, Labradoodles need regular vet care, a high quality diet, exercise and grooming to ensure they live long, healthy lives.

Diet and Nutrition

Feed a Labradoodle a commercial diet formulated for their age and size. Your veterinarian might recommend feeding a standard Labradoodle a diet for large breed, active dogs to ensure it has the calories and nutrients it needs for proper growth and development. Look for foods made for large breeds that meet AAFCO guidelines.

Exercise and Activity

Labradoodles make great dogs for on-the-go families, Latimer says. Both Labrador Retrievers and Poodles are both active dog breeds who excel in dog sports such as agility, obedience, tracking, and dock diving and Labradoodles might enjoy those activities, too. Offering a combination of physical activity and mental stimulation (through games like fetch) are important for healthy bodies and minds.

Grooming and Nail Care

The amount of grooming a Labradoodle requires depends on its coat type. Nancy Doodle notes that many Labradoodles are “wash and go” but those with curly to wavy coats need a professional groomer to prevent their curls from forming webs that can be painful and—if left untreated—lead to skin infections. In addition to regular brushing, Labradoodles with tight curly coats should benefit from professional grooming every 8 to 10 weeks.

Regular nail trims and ear cleaning, occasional baths and annual dental cleanings will help keep Labradoodles looking and feeling their best.

Labradoodle Health Issues

As a mix of two breeds, Labradoodles can develop health conditions that are common in both Labrador Retrievers and Poodles—and might even be at increased risk of some diseases, according to Latimer.

“By mixing two breeds, the new breed is susceptible to the common diseases in each breed,” he explains.

These are some of the most common health issues in Labradoodles:

Ear Infections: Both Labrador Retrievers and Poodles have floppy ears that make them susceptible to otitis externa or inflammation in the ear canals. The infections can be chronic, causing pain and discomfort. “Keep their ears clean and if you notice symptoms, call your vet immediately,” Latimer advises.

ACL Tears: A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament that stabilizes the inside of the knee is common in Labrador Retrievers and the condition also plagues Labradoodles, according to Latimer. An ACL tear causes pain and often lameness in the limb and mobility issues. Aging, obesity, genetics are all risk factors for ACL tears.

Hip Dysplasia: Larger breeds, including standard Labradoodles, are at higher risk for hip dysplasia, according to Latimer. Hip dysplasia is diagnosed when the femur fails to align with the hip socket. The condition causes pain and reduces quality of life. 

Eye Issues: Research shows that Labradoodles have higher rates of multifocal retinal dysplasia or small folds in the tissue of the retina that can cause vision loss and blindness, than Labrador Retrievers. It can be genetic.

Interesting Labradoodle Facts

Celebrities like Jennifer Aniston, Tiger Woods, and Jamie Lee Curtis have all owned Labradoodles.

A 2020 study into breed genetics found that Labradoodles get a far higher percentage of their genetics from Poodles than Labrador retrievers. Despite being considered a new breed, researchers noted, “[the] Labradoodle is largely poodle with an excess of poodle alleles related to coat type.”

Labradoodle Adoption Tips and Things to Consider

Labradoodles are a newer breed and there are still just a handful of rescue organizations devoted to rescuing and rehoming the mixed breed dogs. 

Labradoodle rescues in the U.S. include:

• Michigan Doodle Rescue Connect 
• IDOG Rescue
• Doodle Rock Rescue
• Doodle Dandy Rescue
• Doodle Rescue Collective 

These groups and organizations focus on all Doodle breeds and not just Labradoodles. Rescue groups focused the origin breeds—Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Poodles—might also take Doodle mixed breeds into the rescue.

It is possible to find Labradoodles in shelters and through rescue groups, but Nana Doodle warns that it can take a while to match families with available dogs because of the long list of families wanting to adopt the mixed breed dogs.

Labradoodle FAQs

Labradoodles are wonderful mixed breed dogs, but before welcoming one into your family, it’s important to know all of the facts and what to expect. Here are some commonly asked questions about the Labradoodle dog breed. 

Do Labradoodles Shed? 

It depends. Labradoodles have several different coat types and some are more prone to shedding than others. A Labradoodle that is a result of crossbreeding a purebred Labrador Retriever with a purebred Poodle is more prone to shedding than dogs that are bred from second-and third-generation Labradoodles.

How Long Do Labradoodles Live? 

The lifespan of a Labradoodle is 12 to 14 years.

Are Labradoodles Smart? 

Yes. Labradoodles are a result of mixing a Labrador Retriever and Poodle, breeds that are highly regarded for their intelligence.

When Do Labradoodles Stop Growing? 

Labradoodles reach maturity around 2 years of age.

Do Labradoodles Smell? 

In general, no, Labradoodles do not smell. Their low-to non-shedding coats tend to be low odor but Labradoodles that go swimming, hiking, or engage in other outdoor activities may need more regular baths.

Are Labradoodles Good With Kids? 

Yes. The breed is known for being gentle and patient with dog-savvy children. 

Pictures of Labradoodles

With their fluffy coats and loveable faces, Labradoodles are downright irresistible. See all of their colorings and personality traits come to life in our gallery filled with pictures of Labradoodles and Labradoodle puppies. So cute! 

The post Labradoodle appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Before adopting a Great Dane, spend some time learning about this breed.

History and Origin

The origin of the Great Dane can be traced back to ancient Egypt where drawings of men walking giant dogs resembling Great Danes were found on monuments dating back to 3,000 B.C. 

Due to their size, Great Danes, known as Boar Hounds, were trusted hunters and valued protectors. German nobles bred Great Danes in large numbers and favored the largest and most attractive dogs, developing the breed and welcoming the gentle giants into their homes. 

The transition from working dog to companion animal led to the breed being known as Kammerhunde or Chamber Dog. Only royals owned the breed, pampering them with ornate collars that were padded with velvet and adorned with fringe.

Over time, Great Danes became sought after and the breed could be found across Europe. The breed earned its current moniker when a man visiting Denmark noted that the breed was similar in appearance to a Greyhound but much larger, causing him to remark that the Danish climate had made the dogs into “Grand Danois” or Big Danish. The name stuck and perpetuated the notion that the breed hails from Denmark though its origins can be traced back to a much more ancient and remote part of the world.

The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the breed in 1887. 

Great Dane Physical Characteristics

It’s no surprise that most of the words used to describe Great Danes—imposing, majestic, immense, massive—all relate to their size. Cinnamon Ellison, founder and coordinator of Great Dane Friends of Ruff Love in Charlotte, North Carolina, notes that “gentle giant” is often used to describe Great Danes, which is a nod to both their size and temperament.

The Great Dane is a giant breed with males reaching 30 to 32 inches in height and weighing in between 140 to 175 pounds. Females are just a little smaller, reaching 28 to 30 inches tall and weighing between 110 and 140 pounds.

Great Danes are powerful, muscular dogs with broad, deep chests, long legs, and rectangular heads with strong muzzles and expressive, intelligent eyes. Their coats are short and thick and have a glossy appearance. 

Great Danes come in several different colors, including black, black and white, blue, brindle, fawn, harlequin, mantle, merle, and white and their coats may have distinct patterns or markings. Brindle dogs have black cross stripes on their backs, chevron patterns on their coats and black masks while harlequin Great Danes have a white and black base color with merle patches all over their bodies.

Great Dane Temperament

The term gentle giant refers to this breed’s temperament. These oversized lap dogs love spending time with their owners and will happily tag along for walks or curl up on the couch for movie night.

“Great Danes are super sweet dogs that love to be around their owners,” says Naomi Merino, a volunteer with Harlequin Haven Great Dane Rescue in Bethel, Ohio. 

Although their size and deep bark might make them imposing, Merino warns that Great Danes, while protective of their owners, are not the best guard dogs. 

“Great Danes are a sought after breed but often for the wrong reasons,” she says. “People want to adopt them as guard dogs but these dogs are lovers and too friendly to be guard dogs. We tell them that if you need a security system, get an alarm, not a Great Dane.”

Merino notes that most Great Danes get along well with children and other pets, including smaller dogs and cats, as long as the dogs are well socialized and proper introductions are made. 

Their size and exuberance—the breed remains in puppyhood until they reach 2 years old—might not make them the best match for families with small children or apartment living.

Ellison notes that Great Danes aren’t super active but during regular “zoomies” the dogs could knock over small children. And a big dog thundering across a small apartment might not be the best idea with neighbors living below. The good news: “The zoomies last about 10 minutes and then it’s time for nap,” she says.

Great Dane Care Guide

Your Great Dane needs regular vet care, a high quality diet, exercise, and grooming to ensure they live long, healthy lives.

Diet and Nutrition

Like all dog breeds, Great Danes do best on a diet formulated for their age and size. Look for dog foods made for large breeds that meet AAFCO guidelines. As fast-growing puppies, a lower fat, lower protein diet is best for the giant breed to promote healthy bone and muscle development.

“A high fat, high protein diet can cause them to grow too quickly and may cause deformities,” Merino explains.

Exercise and Activity

If you are looking for a running partner, this is not the breed to choose. For a big breed, Great Danes only require small amounts of exercise. 

“Great Danes tire out too easily to go long distances,” Ellison says.

Ellison recommends daily walks to provide physical and mental stimulation. Great Danes will also enjoy playing in a fenced backyard. Due to their size, these dogs can easily clear short fences (and sometimes tall fences, too) and should never be left unattended in the yard.

Due to their size, Merino notes that leash training is essential, adding, “If they aren’t good on a leash, you’re going to have an issue with a 150-pound dog pulling you down the road.”

To minimize the risk of bloat, Great Danes shouldn’t exercise an hour before or after mealtime.

Grooming and Nail Care

Thanks to their short coats, Great Danes don’t shed much. Their grooming needs are basic and include regular brushing, nail trims, and ear cleanings and occasional baths.

Great Dane Health Issues

Great Danes are wonderful dogs but it’s important for owners to be aware of a few common health issues.

Bloat: Great Danes, like other deep chested-breeds, are at high risk for bloat. The condition occurs when gas stretches the stomach, causing it to twist, cutting off the blood supply to the stomach. 

Ellison advises using puzzle toys to feed Great Danes and prohibiting exercise one hour before and after meals to minimize the risk of bloat. If you suspect your dog has bloat, “go to the vet immediately,” she adds. Untreated, bloat can be fatal.

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy: This condition, better known as HOD, is a skeletal disorder that affects fast-growing large-and giant-breed dogs. It has a sudden onset and can cause symptoms such as painful, aching limbs, lethargy, fever and partial paralysis in puppies. In mild cases, puppies can recover but more severe causes of HOD can cause disabilities and deformities. Unfortunately there is no cure.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy: This condition, also known as DCM, is a form of heart disease. In dogs with DCM, the walls of the heart become thin and dilated, causing an abnormal rhythm and progressive loss of heart function. Without adequate blood circulation to the heart, fluid can build up in the lungs, causing chronic lethargy. DCM often goes undetected for years. There is a strong genetic component to the disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is in the midst of ongoing research to determine whether there is a link between grain-free diets and DCM.

Interesting Great Dane Facts

Great Danes are the tallest dogs in the world. A Great Dane named Zeus reached a height of 44 inches, earning him a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records for being the world’s tallest dog.

The Great Dane is the official state dog of Pennsylvania.

The breed inspired several adorable cartoon characters, including Scooby Doo, Marmaduke, and Astro (the space age dog on the Jetsons).

A dog named Just Nuisance is the only dog to ever be enlisted in the British Royal Navy. He enlisted on August 25, 1939, and traveled with sailors serving as their companion and mascot. The Great Dane died on April 1, 1944 and was buried with full military honors.

Popular Great Dane Mixes

Some of the most common Great Dane mixed breeds include:

• Labradane (Great Dane and Labrador Retriever mix)
• Great Shepherd (Great Dane and German Shepherd mix)
• Daniff (Great Dane and Mastiff mix)
• Great Danoodle (Great Dane and Poodle mix)
• Great Dane Husky mix

Great Dane Adoption Tips and Things to Consider

Great Danes are a sought-after breed that don’t turn up often in shelters. Your best bet to find a Great Dane is a breed-specific rescue. These include:

• Great Dane Friends of Ruff Love
• Harlequin Haven
• Rocky Mountain Great Dane Rescue
• Mid-Atlantic Great Dane Rescue League

Most rescues will require an adoption application, vet references, and a home visit to approve an adoption. Before filling out an application, Ellison suggests thinking through the practical considerations. For starters, it’s often more expensive to own a Great Danes than another breed.

The doses for most flea and tick and heartworm medications go up to 100 pounds but Great Danes can weigh up to 150 pounds, which means two pills per month. Their anesthesia costs, also calculated by weight, will be higher for procedures such as dental cleanings or surgeries. And food costs for giant breed dogs are also usually higher than those for small and medium-sized dogs.

“You have to be prepared to commit to an expensive dog,” she says.

You’ll also need to “Dane-proof” your home before welcoming one of these gentle giants to ensure that the dog can’t access items on the countertop and steers clear of the stove burners. These considerations often mean that it can take longer to adopt a Great Dane.

“If the rescue is doing it right and trying to find you the best fit so the dog goes to the right home, it can take time,” Ellison says.

Great Dane FAQs

Before welcoming a Great Dane into your home, it’s important to be prepared with all the information you need to care for them. That’s why we’ve rounded up answers to some of the most common questions about Great Danes.

How Long Do Great Danes Live? 

The average lifespan for a Great Dane is 7 to 10 years.

How Tall Is a Great Dane? 

Males can stand 30 to 32 inches tall while females can reach heights between 28 and 30 inches tall.

Do Great Danes Shed? 

Like all dog breeds, Great Danes do shed some hair but the shedding is minimal thanks to their short, sleek coats.

What Were Great Danes Bred For? 

Great Danes were bred to hunt boars (and their descendants were known as Boar Hounds) but the breed has evolved to a companion that is bred to serve as a four-legged best friend.

Are Great Danes Good With Kids? 

Most Great Danes are good with respectful children. Their sheer size increases the odds that children could get knocked over but the breed is not known to be aggressive. Children should never be allowed to treat a Great Dane like a horse and attempt to ride them, Ellison warns.

How Fast Can a Great Dane Run? 

Great Danes can run at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour.

Pictures of Great Danes

With their giant statures and varying coat colors, Great Danes provide endless looks that make us want to open our homes to these (very!) big dogs. Browse these pictures of Great Danes to see these colossal canines in action. 

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Palmer has owned and fostered countless Aussies since then and appreciates the breed for its intelligence, strong work ethic and devotion to its owners. In her role as medical advisor for Australian Shepherds Furever, a national breed-specific rescue group, she educates others about the benefits (and some challenges) of owning Australian Shepherds and ensures that each dog is matched with the right fur-ever family.

This hard-working dog breed is energetic and intelligent, meaning they need a family that will offer up plenty of stimulation and exercise. But if you meet an Aussie’s needs, they make the ultimate companions.

History and Origin

The Australian Shepherd has a bit of a misleading name. The breed actually originated in the Basque region of Europe (between France and Spain) where Shepherds depended on them to herd their flocks. When Basque settlers set sail for the green pastures of Australia, they took their trusted herding dogs along, cross-breeding the Shepherd dogs with other strong working and herding dogs, including Border Collies. 

The Basques later emigrated from Australia to California where ranchers fell in love with the herding dogs and called them Australian Shepherds. The breed was refined in the United States and “Aussies” became the favorite dogs of ranchers, riding alongside cowboys to herd livestock. They remain popular on ranches across the United States and have also become beloved pets for active families. 

The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized Australian Shepherds as part of the herding group in 1993.

Australian Shepherd Physical Characteristics

Australian Shepherds are solid, muscular dogs. The males stand between 20 and 23 inches tall and weigh between 50 and 65 pounds. Female Australian Shepherds are smaller, tipping the scales at 40 to 55 pounds with heights between 18 and 21 inches. 

As working dogs, Australian Shepherds are expected to be outdoors in all conditions. Their waterproof coats consist of a dense undercoat and top coat with medium length, straight to wavy hair. The thickness of their coats varies depending on the climate and is designed to keep them warm in the winter and cool in the summer.  Their tails are docked or naturally bobbed. 

“Their tails were docked as a safety measure,” explains Palmer. “A docked tail keeps livestock from stepping on it and breaking it when the dogs are working.”

Based on the breed standard, their coats can be four colors: black, red, blue merle, or red merle (all with or without white and/or tan markings).

Australian Shepherd Temperament

Australian Shepherds are intelligent and focused at work, making them ideal four-legged ranch hands and well-suited to working in search and rescue, drug detection, or as therapy dogs. As working dogs, their herding instincts remain strong, which could cause Australian Shepherds to try to herd anything that runs past, including small children.

“Australian Shepherds were bred to nip at the heels of livestock to get them to go where they wanted them,” Palmer explains. “They may nip at the heels of children. It’s not out of aggression, it’s just their innate behavior.”

Although Aussies can get along well with other dogs, the breed is known for having a strong prey drive and may not do well in a home with smaller animals such as cats, rabbits, chickens and ducks.

“Many dogs, especially herding and hunting dogs, will chase when something runs from them so it’s always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to introducing dogs to other animals in the home,” says Debbi Carman, a specialist in lifesaving and care of sanctuary dogs at Best Friends Animal Society (and owner of an Aussie mix named Maya).

In the right environment, Australian Shepherds make great companions. You’ll need to provide plenty of physical and mental stimulation for them to be happy, well-adjusted pets. A long walk with lots of opportunities to sniff will help burn off some of their energy and keep their minds active, Palmer says. 

Australian Shepherds can be wary of strangers and their propensity to bark at unfamiliar people makes them good guard dogs. Carman attributes their protective instincts to a desire to control their environments.

With sufficient exercise, Aussies can do well in apartments but the neighbors may not appreciate their tendency to bark at unfamiliar people and sounds.

Australian Shepherd Care Guide

These energetic, outgoing working dogs (with abundant double coats) have some specific needs when it comes to diet, exercise, and grooming. Brush up on all you need to know about caring for your Australian Shepherd.

Diet and Nutrition

While there is no one-size-fits-all diet for Aussies, the energetic breed should be fed a commercial dog food that is appropriate for their age/stage of development from puppy and adult to senior foods. 

Your veterinarian may also recommend a food formulated for active breeds that provides your Australian Shepherd the calories it needs to sustain a hard day of work on the ranch or a long hike on the trails.

Exercise and Activity

If you prefer watching TV and reading to hiking, biking, and swimming, an Australian Shepherd might not be the right breed for your family.

“Most Aussies would do best in an active home,” Carman says. “That being said, not all Aussies are created equal. Some may be more inclined to obsess about working [and] others would be content settling in at home and having regular runs.”

Mental stimulation is key for these working dogs. With too little stimulation, Carman warns, “It’s common to see these magnificent herding dogs develop stereotypies like spinning and pacing if they are not getting the enrichment they need to feel content and the opportunity to use their natural herding abilities.”

In addition to lots of walks (or runs), look for activities that allow Aussies to exercise their minds. Carman suggests “flirt poles” which are similar to cat toys with feathers that allow dogs to chase the toy and practice cues like wait and drop it. Fetch also helps burn mental and physical energy.

Grooming and Nail Care

Thanks to their double coats, Australian Shepherds shed profusely. Palmer advises brushing these dogs every week, adding, “Their coats can get matted really fast.” 

Aussies “blow their coats” twice a year, shedding even more than usual. During these times, their coats should be brushed every 2 to 3 days to remove dead hair. Regular nail trims and occasional baths will keep Australian Shepherds looking and feeling their best.

Australian Shepherd Health Issues

Australian Shepherds are predisposed to several health conditions, including these disorders:

Epilepsy: The disease, which causes seizures in dogs, is quite common in Australian Shepherds due to poor breeding and over-breeding, according to the Australian Shepherd Health and Genetics Institute. 

“We’ve seen huge increases in epilepsy in the breed,” Palmer says.

There is no cure for epilepsy and, while medical management is possible, Palmer notes that seizures are stressful for dogs and owners. ASHI is researching a potential role of gut bacteria in disease management.

Cancer: Two kinds of cancer—lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma—are common in Australian Shepherds. Lymphoma, a cancer of the white blood cells, is often found in the lymph nodes and bone marrow and the most common signs include an enlarged lymph node below the jaw or behind the knee. Hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive cancer that affects the blood vessel walls. Tumors can form anywhere but are more common in the spleen and heart. The prognosis for both cancers is poor.

Autoimmune Thyroiditis: In this autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which can lead to symptoms such as weight gain and skin problems. Although this is the most common autoimmune disease diagnosed in Australian Shepherds, ASHGI notes that it can be treated with inexpensive medication, allowing Aussies to live long, symptom-free lives.

Interesting Australian Shepherd Facts

We might know them as Australian Shepherds but the breed has also been called Spanish Shepherds, Blue Heelers, California Shepherds, New Mexican Shepherds and bob-tails.

Australian Shepherds often have different colored eyes. Their eyes can be a combination of brown, blue, hazel, amber, or green.

Several celebrities, including Susan Sarandon, Bruce Willis, Steven Spielberg, Alyssa Milano and Tim Robbins, have all owned Aussies. 

An Australian Shepherd/Border Collie mix named Sweet Pea earned a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records for completing the fastest 100-meter walk with a can balanced on her head. Sweet Pea crossed the finish line in 2:55 in 2009. 

Popular Australian Shepherd Mixes

Australian Shepherds are among the top 20 most popular dog breeds in the nation, according to AKC rankings, so it’s no surprise that the active, intelligent breed is often mixed with other breeds.

The most common mixed breeds include:

• Aussie Siberian (Australian Shepherd and Husky cross)
• Border Aussie or Aussie Collie (Australian Shepherd and Border Collie cross)
• German Australian Shepherd (Australian Shepherd and German Shepherd cross) 
• Australian Shepherd Corgi (Australian Shepherd and Corgi cross) 

Australian Shepherd Adoption Tips and Things to Consider

While Australian Shepherds (and Aussie mixes) do turn up in shelters, there are often numerous applications for the popular breed. Your best bet for finding an Australian Shepherd is through a breed specific rescue. 

“We get dogs ranging from puppies to seniors in rescue,” Palmer says.

Most breed-specific rescues, including Aussie Rescue and Placement Helpline, Carolina Hearts Aussie Rescue and New Spirit 4 Aussie Rescue  require an adoption application, vet references, home checks, and meet and greets with potential matches before finalizing an adoption. 

Breed-specific Australian Shepherd rescues do charge higher adoption fees than most local shelters but Palmer notes that rescues often provide extensive vetting, including spaying and neutering, before dogs are adopted.

Australian Shepherd FAQs

In order to know whether an Australian Shepherd is the right fit for your lifestyle, it’s important to have as much information about the breed as possible. These frequently asked questions will help you get all the details about what it’s like living with an Aussie. 

Do Australian Shepherds Shed? 

Yes, Australian Shepherds do shed. In addition to small amounts of shedding that occur all year long, Aussies blow their coats twice per year, shedding even more than usual in preparation for winter and summer.

How Big Do Australian Shepherds Get? 

Australian Shepherds are a medium-sized breed. The males are between 20 and 23 inches tall and weigh between 50 and 65 pounds. Females weigh between 40 and 55 pounds with heights between 18 and 21 inches.

How Long Do Australian Shepherds Live? 

The average lifespan of an Australian Shepherd is 12 to 15 years.

Do Australian Shepherds Have Tails? 

It depends. Some Australian Shepherds are born with tails (that are often docked when the dogs are puppies) but some are “natural bobtails,” which means they are born with short or missing tails due to genetics.

Are Australian Shepherds Good With Kids? 

Australian Shepherds are wonderful with older, respectful children but their herding instincts (and tendency to nip at the heels of those they are trying to herd) may not make them ideal for families with younger children.

Are Australian Shepherds Smart? 

Yes, this is a highly intelligent breed that requires regular and rigorous mental stimulation to satisfy their quest for novel experiences.

Pictures of Australian Shepherds

With their merle coats and bright eyes, Australian Shepherds are easy on the eyes. These pups have a distinct look, and we could stare at pictures of Australian Shepherds for hours.

If you feel the same way, browse through these photos of Aussies to see the different colorings and varieties in this dog breed.

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Supplements for pets are a growing trend. The global market for pet supplements topped $637 million in 2019 thanks to dog owners who want to provide nutritious, delicious products with scientifically-backed health benefits. 

What Are The Anxious Pet Supplement Bars?

Supplement bars offer a convenient option for giving your dog a nutrient boost. The bars offer many of the same active ingredients found in supplement powders or pills without the hassle or mess. The individually-packaged bars are perfect for travel and can be unwrapped and offered to your dog anytime and anywhere. 

Ingredients like glucosamine, chondroitin, ginseng and chamomile help instill calm, reduce inflammation, or support joint health. Plus, the bars are as easy for dogs to eat as their favorite treats. Offer a supplement bar before a trip to the veterinarian, after a long hike, or during an overnight camping trip.

Although supplement bars are chock full of nutritious ingredients, they are not meant as a meal replacement. Veterinary oncologist Dr. Trina Hazzah calls these supplement bars for dogs, “treats with a purpose.” 

The Relax and Roll supplement bars offer the same benefits as the calming soft chews. Both are formulated with or without CBD and include additional calming herbs: The supplement bars and made with a blend of ginger root, chamomile and melatonin and while the soft chews contain magnolia, L-carnitine and barberry. Both products also contain St. John’s wort. 

Due to its size—the Relax and Roll supplement bar is 1.8 ounces—it also contains more CBD than each 4 gram soft chew. Supplement bars are made with 15 mg of CBD while soft chews have 5 mg of the calming cannabinoid. 

Supplement bars also offer the additional formulation of Hip and Hop for hip and joint support. These bars contain glucosamine, MSM, and other anti-inflammatory ingredients to help alleviate pain and protect your dogs joints. You can add them into the rotation of wellness products you give your dog.

Our Supplement Bar Formulas: A Quick Comparison

The Anxious Pet makes all of its supplement bars from natural or organic ingredients. The products are veterinarian-formulated and made in the USA. Both the Relax & Roll and Bright Idea bars are vegan.

Regardless of the formulation, all supplement bars are veterinarian-formulated, made in the USA from premium ingredients that have science-backed health benefits and individually wrapped to ensure that your dog has access to healthy, delicious supplements no matter where you are. 

Choosing the Best Supplement Bar for Your Dog

There is no one-size-fits-all supplement bar. Your dog’s breed, age and health conditions are all considerations when choosing the right fit. 

The Hip and Hop bar is ideal for an active Labrador Retriever who gets minor aches after long hikes; the Relax and Roll Supplement Bars with CBD may be a good fit for your anxious German Shepherd before a vet visit; and an anxious senior Dachshund who is afraid of strangers and suffers with backaches might need a combination of both supplement bar formulas.  

Can You Mix and Match Supplement Bars?

You can use a combination of soft chews and supplement bars—mixing and matching the formulations and levels of CBD depending on what your dog needs. Huzzah doesn’t recommend mixing CBD soft chews with supplement bars containing CBD. Instead, she suggests combining one product with CBD with a second calming, CBD-free formula.

Supplement bars contain several active ingredients and dosing is important. Dogs under 30 pounds can have up to one supplement bar per day while dogs over 30 pounds can have up to two supplement bars per day. The bars are scored, making them easy to break apart and offer in smaller portions throughout the day.

Dogs aren’t the only ones that benefit from a supplement bar—you’ll experience the goodness as well. You get to offer a convenient, delicious treat that contains a mix of healthy, natural ingredients to ease pain and provide a sense of calm to help your four-legged companions live their best lives.

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Their star quality can be attributed to their winning personalities, according to Larry Nathan, founder of the Michigan Pug Rescue, Pug Luv.

“Pugs are clown-like because they are so entertaining and always doing crazy, silly things,” Nathan says.

History and Origin

Pugs are an ancient breed with long and interesting histories. The breed, which can be traced back more than 2,000 years, was once a favorite of emperors in ancient China and ownership of the flat-faced dogs was limited to members of the imperial court. Pugs were often treasured companions for the monks living in Buddhist monasteries in Tibet.

In the 1500s, Dutch traders acquired several Pugs during travels to China and brought the breed to Europe. The Pug developed a royal following in Holland after alerting the Prince of Orange to the arrival of Spanish troops, saving the palace from an attack. The heroic act earned the Pug a role as the official mascot of the House of Orange. 

The AKC recognized Pugs in 1885 and the dogs remain one of the most popular breeds in the United States.

Pug Physical Characteristics

Pugs are compact, almost square, in shape. Members of the AKC “toy” group, Pugs are just 10 to 13 inches in height and weigh between 14 and 18 pounds.

Their massive round heads; large, globe-like eyes; large, deep wrinkles on their short muzzles; and minor underbites are their most prominent features. Pugs also have short bodies, wide chests and tightly curled tails. Their coats are short, fine, and soft and come in two colors: fawn and black. Fawn-colored Pugs have black “masks” on their faces.

Pugs have an average lifespan of 13 to 15 years and spend a significant portion of that time in puppyhood, according to Fred Campos, founder of DFW Pug Rescue Club.

“Pugs are slow to mature and stay puppies for up to four years,” he says. “They act like puppies, biting and scratching and tugging, so Pug puppies are not great companions for very young children.”

Pug Personality Traits

Words like loyal and loving are often used to describe Pugs. The breed, known for being even-tempered, playful, and outgoing makes an excellent four-legged companion—and owners are often so charmed by the breed, it’s common to see multiple Pugs in a home.

“Pugs are like potato chips; you can’t have just one,” Campos jokes. “Most Pug owners have more than one Pug.”

Pugs get along well with their human companions and will happily share their homes with other dogs, cats and even rabbits, according to Nathan.

While it’s hard to argue with the benefits of a loyal, loving lap dog, Pug owners need to be prepared for the potential downside of a deep attachment: Pugs do not like to be left alone for long periods.

“People call them a Velcro dog, because they’re always at your side,” Nathan says. “You’ve got to be prepared to have a dog that always wants to be wherever you are.”

With too little social interaction, Pugs can become anxious and may develop unwelcome behaviors such as barking or chewing.

Pugs must be kept indoors. The brachycephalic breed—a dog with a short snout that can have breathing difficulties—does not do well in hot or cold temperatures. Their smooshed faces also mean that Pugs often snort, snuffle, and wheeze and might keep you awake with their snoring.

Potty training may also be an issue, especially with un-altered male Pugs.

“Males will have a tendency to mark if you don’t get them trained right away,” Nathan says. “If you don’t get them neutered, they will mark [because] they’re marking their territories.”

Pug Care Guide

Providing the right care for your Pugs increases the chances they will live long, happy, healthy lives.

Diet and Nutrition

Like all breeds, Pugs benefit from being fed a high quality food appropriate for their age. These dogs can be voracious eaters so Campos advises sticking with regular mealtimes and avoiding open feeding, explaining, “If you do open feeding with a Pug, they will keep eating; they won’t walk away.” 

Exercise and Activity

A Pug might not make the best running partner but these dogs still require exercise. 

Nathan suggests daily walks to ensure your Pug gets sufficient physical and mental stimulation. Regular exercise can also prevent your Pug from becoming portly.

Since Pugs are prone to overheating, Nathan suggests walking Pugs in the mornings or evenings and creating opportunities for indoor activities and games like fetch or hide and seek when the temperatures are too hot or too cold for Pugs to exercise outdoors.

Grooming and Nail Care

Although Pugs don’t require professional grooming, the little shedding machines do need regular brushings to remove dead hair. Cleaning the folds in their faces is an essential part of the grooming routine. Campos recommends using a damp cloth to remove dirt at least once per week. “If you don’t, dirt can build up and they can get an infection,” he says.

Pugs should also have their nails trimmed regularly to keep them from becoming overgrown, which can cause pain. 

Pug Health Issues

Pugs are prone to several common health problems.

Obesity: Research found that Pugs were diagnosed with obesity at more than twice the rate of other dog breeds. 

“When you go to the pet store to buy pet food…the bag for the weight management food has a Pug on it,” Nathan says.

Pugs that are overweight or obese are at higher risk of developing other health issues, including diabetes and heart disease. Obesity also increases the risk of heat intolerance and anesthesia risks.

Respiratory Diseases: Pugs, like other brachycephalic breeds, are prone to a disease known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome or BOAS. The symptoms include loud snoring, exercise intolerance and fainting; it also shortens their lifespans and increases the risk of sudden death. It’s caused by deformation of the upper airways that causes the soft tissue to collapse, creating an obstruction. BOAS is often linked to poor breeding, according to research published in the journal PLOS One.

Eye Problems: The bulging eyes that give Pugs their adorable appearances can also cause problems. In addition to putting Pugs at risk for eye injuries such as scrapes and punctures, their protruding eyeballs are also prone to dry eye. The condition, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, causes the tear glands to produce too little moisture, which can cause sore, itchy eyes. 

Pugs with dry eye may have discharge in their eyes or may squint or paw at their eyes due to discomfort. Nathan notes that over-the-counter or ointments are often sufficient to alleviate the symptoms.

Interesting Pug Facts

Pugs have starred in several Hollywood blockbuster films, including Men in Black and Men in Black II.

Hollywood celebrities can’t resist the Pug’s charms. Jessica Alba, Gerard Butler, and Billy Joel are all Pug owners.

A Pug named Winston was the first dog in the United States to test positive for the coronavirus. He had a mild case and recovered in a few days.

Although the breed is called “Pug” in the United States, it is also known as Lo-Sze in China; Mopsi in Finland, Doguillo in Spain; and Mophund in Holland.

Popular Pug Mixes

Thanks to their good-natured personalities and adorable appearances, Pugs are often mixed with other breeds. 

Some of the most popular Pug mixes include:

• Chug (Pug and Chihuahua)
• Puggle (Pug and Beagle)
• Hug (Pug and Husky)
• Daug (Pug and Dachshund)
• Porgi (Pug and Corgi)
• Bugg (Pug and Boston Terrier) 
• Pugapoo (Pug and Poodle)

Pug Adoption Tips and Things to Consider

Before adopting a Pug, Campos suggests researching their temperaments, exercise, and grooming needs to be sure it’s the right breed for your family. 

Your local shelter might have a Pug or Pug mix available for adoption on occasion but breed-specific rescue groups like DFW Pug Rescue Club, Michigan Pug Rescue, Mid-Atlantic Pug Rescue, and Pug Partners of Nebraska are often a better bet for finding an adoptable Pug. 

Although adoption fees tend to be higher than those at county animal shelters, Nathan notes that Pugs available for adoption through rescue groups are fully vetted and often live in foster homes where they learn basic manners that increase their chances of adoption.

Expect to submit an adoption application and provide veterinarian information for a reference check.

Pug FAQs

If you are considering welcoming a Pug into your life, there are certain frequently asked questions that might come up in your research. Here’s some additional information you should know about Pug dogs.

How Long Do Pugs Live? 

The average lifespan of a Pug is 12 to 16 years.

Do Pugs Shed? 

Yes. Pugs are known to shed and require regular brushing to remove dead hair and reduce shedding.

Are Pugs Hypoallergenic? 

No, this is not a hypoallergenic breed.

How Big Do Pugs Get? 

The average Pug is 10 to 13 inches in height and weighs 14 to 18 pounds.

Are Pugs Smart? 

Yes, Pugs are intelligent dogs that respond well to training.

Can Pugs Swim? 

No. Thanks to their large, square bodies and short legs, Pugs are not considered good swimmers. 

Pug Pictures

With their big eyes and squished faces, we can’t get enough of these cuties. Browse our collection of Pug pictures to see just how adorable these dogs really are.

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“Overweightness and obesity in cats are a huge problem,” says Jackie Parr, a veterinary nutritionist and Clinical Assistant Professor of Nutrition at the University of Georgia. “It has reached the point that we are calling it an epidemic.”

Even if you think your precious pet is a perfectly healthy weight, gradual weight gain in cats is easy to miss.  Although a significant percentage of cats are not maintaining ideal feline figures, APOP found that 28 percent of cat owners only weigh their cats once a year. Paying closer attention to your cat’s weight now — whatever it is — can help you avoid health complications later on.

Overweight Cat: Understanding When a Cat is Considered Overweight

Just like people, cats come in all shapes and sizes, and the number on the scale isn’t the only factor in determining whether your cat is overweight. That’s why many veterinarians use a more qualitative approach called a body condition score. 

Based on the amount of body fat the veterinarian can see and feel, they’ll assign a score ranging from one to nine. A body condition score of five means the cat is at their ideal weight, but a ranking between six and nine indicates that it’s time to help your cat slim down.

A low score isn’t necessarily a reason to panic, either. Some veterinarians use a five-point body condition scale, in which a score of three is just right. Be sure to ask which scale your veterinarian uses.  

Parr recommends using a similar visual assessment to help you determine whether it’s time to start a feline fitness plan. 

“Looking at your cat from above, you should see an hourglass figure,” says Parr. “There should be a taper behind the ribs where they have a little waist. If pet parents don’t see a waist on their cats, it’s a sign that they’re already starting to carry a little bit too much extra weight.”

If your cat needs to lose weight, your veterinarian can recommend strategies such as cutting back on calories, initiating an exercise plan, or testing for certain medical conditions to get the needle on the scale moving in the right direction. 

We make it easy to track your pet’s weight using our FREE weight tracker. Sign up today!

6 Reasons Your Cat Can’t Lose Weight

Starting your cat on a veterinarian-approved weight loss program is essential to help reduce their risk of diabetes, ease (or prevent) joint pain, and help them live out their nine lives in good health. 

If their weight isn’t going down, one of these six factors could be to blame.

Meal Time Is All The Time 

Keeping the food bowl filled is a recipe for weight gain. Cats are more likely to nibble on too much kibble when you “free feed” them. 

“We recommend meal feeding,” Parr says. “If you just leave a bowl of food out and keep filling it up, you have no idea how many calories your cat is eating every day.”

To help reduce the risk of binge eating, consider using a smart cat feeder, such as Catit PIXI, that will dispense timely, portioned meals. In addition to scheduling your cat’s feeding times, you can monitor your cat’s food intake via the Catit PIXI mobile app.

The latest research shows that offering a single, larger meal might be the best approach to weight loss. Cats that ate once per day had higher levels of three appetite-regulating hormones, indicating their hunger was better controlled than those that ate several meals—even when the cats ate the same amounts of food.

Mixing Up Measurements 

Even if you follow the feeding instructions on your favorite brand of cat food, you might be dishing out too many calories.

“Pet owners were told for decades to measure their pet’s food using a cup and…a cup could be just about anything,” Parr says. “Best case scenario, it’s an actual measuring cup. But worst-case scenario, it’s a yogurt container or a margarine tub or a coffee cup.”

According to this study, pet owners could be overfeeding their cats as much as 80 percent—even when measuring out the kibble—because of differences in the sizes of the actual measuring cups. Inaccurate measurements could cause your cat to gain weight and can make it harder for them to shed excess pounds.

Instead of a measuring cup, Parr advises using a kitchen scale to measure out a precise number of grams. The change could make a big difference when it comes to weight loss. 

Feeding Smaller Meals 

Calories count when it comes to weight loss, but putting less food in the bowl might not be the best approach. 

“Cats often don’t lose weight if you just take the diet they’re already eating and cut it back,” Parr says. “If you take a diet that’s designed for healthy adult cats and cut it back to reduce the calories, you risk causing essential nutrient deficiencies. For an animal to lose weight, they actually have to be able to burn the fat, which requires essential nutrients.” 

Talk to your veterinarian about the best diet for weight loss. Switching to a low-calorie cat food—or even offering a prescription weight loss diet—might be the key to losing weight while satisfying your cat’s appetite and nutritional needs. For instance, Hill’s Science Diet Light Adult Dry Cat Food contains high-quality chicken protein and natural fibers to help satisfy your cat’s hunger between meals, but with 20 percent fewer calories than Hill’s Science Diet Adult. It also provides L-carnitine to help promote an ideal body weight.

Lack of Exercise

Outdoor cats spend most of their time exploring, which can really add up. Free range cats walk  almost three miles per day, according to one study. Your indoor cat is much safer, but napping on the windowsill doesn’t burn many calories.

Since most cats won’t take to regular walks on a leash, it’s important to get creative.

“Laser pointers bring out their hunting instinct,” says veterinarian Jami-Lyn Derse, DVM, founder of Veterinary Housecall Care in Libertyville, IL. 

In addition to moving the laser light across the floor, point it to the top of the stairs and then back down, or the back of the sofa and then down to the floor. Keep switching things up so your cat has to run and jump, which will help them burn extra calories. Ensure your cat gets regular exercise by engaging in active play at least twice a day.

To encourage physical activity, Derse also recommends adding a cat tree or tunnels to your cat’s environment, or putting one of their meals in a puzzle toy that must be rolled around to release the kibble. 

Bad Gut Bacteria 

The community of bacteria (along with viruses and fungi) in the gut, called the gut microbiome, is different in overweight and normal weight cats. Research suggests that it may be harder for cats to regulate their metabolism and lose weight when their gut bacteria are out of balance, but veterinarians are still working to understand the connection.

A growing number of pet foods include prebiotics and probiotics, which are good bacteria believed to promote beneficial gut bacteria. The latest data on potential benefits show more studies are necessary before changing current weight management guidelines for cats and dogs. But it may be worth considering ways to improve your cat’s gut health, if your cat’s extra weight proves extra difficult to lose. 

Medical Conditions 

Although overfeeding and lack of exercise are the biggest causes of cat obesity, Derse notes that there are certain medical conditions that might make it harder for your cat to lose weight.

Unintended pregnancy in an unspayed female cat is the most common medical explanation for weight gain. Fluid in the abdomen from a tumor or other disease could also cause cats to gain weight.

“If a cat comes in with weight gain, we always do baseline bloodwork to make sure there’s no underlying cause,” Derse says.

How to Better Control Your Cat’s Weight 

Though obesity in cats is a growing cause for concern among pet parents, there’s no reason to wait until a cat is unmistakably overweight in order to address it. Taking a proactive approach to controlling your cat’s weight now can go a long way toward maintaining their overall health in the long run. 

In addition to measuring their food, dishing out kibble in a single meal and prioritizing exercise, be sure to monitor your cat for changes to their weight, as well as persistent extra pounds that just won’t budge. Both are signs that you may be dealing with an underlying cause like a bad gut biome or a medical issue that requires a trip to the veterinarian. Getting a proper diagnosis and treatment plan—or even an all-clear—is key to keeping your cat’s weight in check and ensuring they will live a long, healthy life.

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The latest research shows that almost half of pet owners who expressed interest in transitioning their pets to plant-based diets wanted information about the nutritional value of vegan pet foods and treats. 

Reading the labels on the plethora of pet foods, treats, and chews formulated without meat or other animal products provides important information for pet owners.

What Are Vegan Dog Chews?

Vegan dog chews are made without meat, cheese, and other animal products that are often used in pet foods and treats. The majority of treats and chews on the market are made with chicken, beef, turkey, or other novel meat-based proteins like venison or bison. But vegan treats and chews are different—they’re mostly made from plant-based ingredients. 

The recipes for high-quality vegan chews are still veterinarian-formulated, made with delicious, nutritious ingredients, and are subjected to rigorous testing. The equipment used to make vegan pet products is also cleaned between each batch to ensure there is no cross contamination. The process ensures that pet parents can feel confident offering vegan chews to their four-legged companions.

Vegan Dog Chews: Common Ingredients

In the place of animal proteins and inexpensive ingredients, vegan chews are often made with premium, non-GMO ingredients such as brewer’s yeast, an excellent source of amino acids and protein, and organic flaxseed, which contains omega-3 fatty acids that are linked with improved heart health and decreased inflammation. 

Vegan chews also contain ingredients such as sweet potato flour, organic palm fruit oil, pea protein, and tapioca flour that are chock full of nutrients. 

What to Look for When Choosing Vegan Dog Chews

Read the labels carefully before purchasing vegan pet chews. The ingredient list should not contain animal products or cheap fillers and should contain ingredients pet owners recognize and can pronounce. Look for label claims such as vegan, non-GMO, and grain-free to ensure that vegan chews are made with the highest quality ingredients.

Research the companies making vegan chews, too. Reputable manufacturers make veterinarian formulated products that adhere to strict standards and undergo rigorous third-party testing. 

Look for proof that products are made in facilities with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) certifications and view Certificates of Analysis or COAs for each product. cGMP guarantees that facilities meet all federal safety regulations and COAs, which are issued by accredited, independent laboratories that certify the products contain the active ingredients listed on the label and are free of harmful ingredients such as lead, arsenic, heavy metals, pesticides and mold.

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“I’d never heard of Bernese Mountain Dogs before,” she recalls. “Just seeing the dog, we knew it was what we wanted.”

Although Zaayer, a breed ambassador for the Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America and vice president of the Southern California chapter, was initially drawn to the adorable appearance of the large, tri-colored dogs, it was their sweet personalities that made her fall in love with the breed. 

“They are such sensitive dogs and really connect with people,” she says. “They are really good family dogs.”

History and Origin

As their name suggests, Bernese Mountain Dogs hail from the mountains of Bern, Switzerland. 

Thanks to their muscular builds and impressive strength, the dogs drove cattle and guarded farms, patrolling rugged terrain across expansive swaths of land. Bernese Mountain Dogs are perhaps best known as a drafting breed, able to pull carts filled with heavy loads.

Their reputation as excellent working dogs captured the interest of a farmer in Kansas who is credited with bringing the breed to the United States. He imported two Bernese Mountain Dogs to work on his farm and the breed was an instant hit. The American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1937.

Bernese Mountain Dog Physical Characteristics

Bernese Mountain Dogs are powerful working dogs. Measuring 23 to 27.5 inches tall at the shoulders and weighing between 70 and 115 pounds, Bernese are adorable puppies that turn into strong, imposing—and just as adorable—adults. But their size is sometimes overwhelming.

“A lot of people who adopt these large-breed dogs have wonderful intentions but the adorable puppies turn into 100-pound teenagers,” explains Tonia Moore, co-founder of the Bernese Mountain Dog rescue, BFW Rescue. “Large breeds are slower to mature so they are still exuberant puppies at 3 years old.”

The tri-colored dogs are black with distinctive rust (or tan) and white markings. These dogs tend to have rust-colored patches over each eye, on the cheeks, either side of the chest, all four legs and under the tail. White markings appear as a muzzle band, the tip of the tail, feet and on the chest. 

Bernese Mountain Dogs have thick double coats that make them well-suited to cold temperatures. 

Bernese Mountain Dog Temperament

As working dogs, Bernese Mountain Dogs were prized for being alert, confident, and eager to please. Those same traits—along with their good-natured dispositions and deep sense of affection and loyalty—have made this dog breed a popular family pet. Bernese Mountain Dogs are known for being gentle with children.

Since Bernese develop strong bonds with their owners, they prefer not to be left alone for long periods, Zaayer says.

Socialization is important. In fact, Moore believes failing to socialize these gentle giants is one of the biggest mistakes Bernese owners make. 

“A lot of owners start strong and stop,” she explains. “The more you expose them to different sights, sounds, smells, and experiences, the more confident and comfortable and less shy and fearful they become.”

Although Bernese Mountain Dogs can be aloof with strangers, the breed is not aggressive. Berge notes that they tend to have minimal prey drive, making them well-suited to homes with other pets, including cats.

Bernese Mountain Dogs make great watch dogs that will bark if something is amiss but these are true gentle giants that, despite their size, have no guarding tendencies.

“They won’t go after someone, but their size and barking are often enough to scare them off,” Zaayer adds.

Bernese Mountain Dog Care Guide

There are two big downsides to the Bernese Mountain Dog breed, according to longtime Bernese Mountain Dog owner Dr. Kathy Berge, veterinarian and medical director for All-Pets Hospital in Des Moines, Iowa: The breed sheds and is prone to numerous health issues that shorten their lifespan.

Read on to learn more about Bernese Mountain Dog care.

Diet and Nutrition

Bernese dogs, like all breeds, benefit from high quality diets. Due to their risk of orthopedic issues, Berge notes that it’s essential not to over-feed Bernese Mountain Dogs to keep their weight in check. 

Exercise and Activity

These working dogs are happiest with something to do. Regular walks—with lots of chances to sniff and explore—provide important mental and physical stimulation. 

“A lot of people think that, because of their size, they need a house with 100 acres to roam but they are great apartment dogs,” Moore says. “They like to be active but, most of all, Berners want to be with their people.”

Bernese Mountain Dogs also love learning new tricks, practicing commands, pulling carts or participating in search and rescue. They are a sensitive breed so Zaayer suggests training that prioritizes positive reinforcement and rewards. 

Bernese Mountain Dogs thrive in cold climates and love a good romp in the snow. In warm climates, Moore suggests scheduling walks in the morning or evening before it gets too hot and watch for signs of heat stroke, including excessive panting, disorientation, vomiting, diarrhea, or bright red gums. 

Grooming and Nail Care

Bernese Mountain Dogs are heavy shedders. Berge suggests brushing them at least twice per week to remove excess hair. Zaayer uses a grooming rake to remove the undercoat.  Their nails should be trimmed regularly to prevent painful overgrowth. The breed doesn’t require professional grooming.

Bernese Mountain Dog Health Issues

As a giant breed, Bernese Mountain Dogs are prone to several common health problems.

Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia: Dysplasia is diagnosed when the hip or elbow joints fail to align with the sockets. The symptoms include pain, stiffness, altered gait, and potential lameness. Berge suggests asking breeders to provide the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) certifications for the parents to reduce the odds that Bernese puppies will have orthopedic issues.

Bloat: Also known as gastric torsion, bloat occurs when the stomach fills with food, fluid, or gas, causing it to stretch, cutting off circulation to the heart and stomach. Bloat causes tissue death and can be fatal.

Histiocytic sarcoma: The cancer, uncommon in other breeds, often affects Berners. It’s a cancer of the blood cells that starts in the spleen or liver and spreads to other organs. The prognosis is poor. Berge notes that most Bernese Mountain Dogs live just a few months after a diagnosis.

Interesting Bernese Mountain Dog Facts

In their native Switzerland, Bernese Mountain Dogs are known as Berner Sennenhund.

Swiss farmers sometimes referred to Bernese dogs as “Cheese Dogs” because they would be responsible for pulling carts of dairy products like milk and cheese. 

Celebrities like Kate Hudson, Chelsea Handler, and Hilary Duff all share their lives with Bernese Mountain Dogs.

A Bernese Mountain Dog named Luna (@luna.the.berner) has more than 112,000 Instagram followers.

Popular Bernese Mountain Dog Mixes

Bernese Mountain Dogs have a reputation for being calm, intelligent, and affectionate so it’s no surprise that these dogs are often mixed with other breeds. 

Some of the most common breeds mixed with Bernese Mountain Dogs include:  

• Bernedoodle (Bernese Mountain Dog and Poodle)
• Labernese (Bernese Mountain Dog and Labrador Retriever)
• Saint Bernese (Bernese Mountain Dog and Saint Bernard)
• Bernsky (Bernese Mountain Dog and Husky)
• Bernese Shepherd (Bernese Mountain Dog and German Shepherd)

Bernese Mountain Dog Adoption Tips

A Google search for “Bernese Mountain Dog rescue” will turn up information for rescues from coast to coast that specialize in finding forever homes for purebred and mixed-breed Bernese Mountain Dogs. 

While breed-specific rescues like NORCAL Bernese Mountain Dog Rescue; Gentle Giants Rescue and Adoptions; and Berner INC Education and Rescue; specialize in finding forever homes for rescued Bernese Mountain Dogs, most work with small numbers of dogs. At BFW Rescue Inc., which has a network of foster homes in all 50 states, fewer than 20 Berners end up in rescue every year.

“Although their numbers are growing, it’s not like a German Shepherd or Golden Retriever or Labrador Retriever that most people have seen or played with,” Moore says. “The breed is still unknown to a lot of people.”

There are still Bernese Mountain Dogs available for adoption but finding one might take time. The Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America, a national breed organization, has a committee that focuses on helping with rescue and rehoming situations and the website PetFinder allows you to search by breed and area to help you find a Bernese Mountain Dog close to home.

Keep in mind that if you’re interested in adopting a purebred Bernese Mountain Dog, it may take some time to find one. Otherwise, finding a reputable dog breeder and purchasing a Bernese may be a faster way to find your new canine friend. Just make sure to do your research, ask questions, and talk to references before purchasing a Bernese from a breeding kennel or facility. 

Bernese Mountain Dog FAQs

Bernese Mountain Dogs have lots to offer families. Their fun-loving personalities, docile natures, and sweet smiles are definitely something special. But before welcoming a Bernese into your home, it’s important to know exactly what you’re getting into.

Here are some frequently asked questions about the breed. 

Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Shed? 

Yes! Bernese Mountain Dogs do shed quite a bit. They have thick double coats and the breed “blows their coats” twice a year, creating even more dog hair than usual. Regular brushing can help remove excess hair but expect to find tufts of hair on clothes, furniture, and the floors.

Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Drool? 

No. In fact, Zaayer notes that it’s considered a fault in the breed to have “loose lips” that cause dogs to drool. “It’s considered a dry mouth breed,” she adds, meaning that this dog breed produces less drool than some others. 

Are Bernese Mountain Dogs Hypoallergenic? 

No, this is not a hypoallergenic breed. Some Bernese mixes, such as the Bernedoodle, may produce less dander based on the other breed they are mixed with. Since Poodles produce low dander, Bernedoodles may be better suited for those with allergies. However, no dog is truly hypoallergenic. 

Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Swim? 

Sometimes. It’s not a water breed like a Labrador Retriever or Irish Water Spaniel but some Bernese Mountain Dogs will take to the water, wading or even swimming.

Where Are Bernese Mountain Dogs From? 

The breed hails from the mountainous regions of Bern, Switzerland.

Bernese Mountain Dogs Pictures

There’s no denying that this dog breed is adorable. Browse our gallery to see Bernese Mountain Dog photos showcasing all seasons and situations.

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When Christian Latimer, a veterinary surgeon at Veterinary Referral Hospital of Hickory in North Carolina, wanted a running partner, he adopted a Poodle. His Standard Poodle, Gus, tackles long distances with ease thanks to a natural athleticism often overlooked in the breed.

“Gus loves to be on the move,” says Latimer. “A lot of people don’t realize that standard Poodles were bred as hunting dogs and do well with a lot of exercise.”

To learn more surprising and interesting facts and information about the Poodle dog breed, just keep on reading. 

History and Origin

Poodles might be the national dog of France—earning them the popular moniker “French Poodle”—but the breed actually originated in Germany. 

The name “Poodle” comes from the German word “pudel” or “pudelin” that means “splashing in the water” in honor of their heritage as a hunting breed. 

Standard Poodles were bred to retrieve ducks and other waterfowl from the water—even their unusual haircuts were designed to make them better suited to being in cold water. The so-called poodle cut serves two functions: Having less hair on most of their bodies makes poodles better swimmers and the puffs of fur on their torsos and joints protect their vital organs from the cold water, according to Tarah Schwartz, author of “The Complete Guide to Poodles.”

Thanks to their above average intelligence, Poodles were also popular circus entertainers, performing for audiences under the big top throughout Europe. Poodles later gained favor among French nobles and the breed transitioned from hunters and entertainers to beloved family pets.

“As the breeding and showing of purebred dogs rose in popularity in the 19th century, the Poodle became somewhat of a status symbol,” Schwartz says. “It was bred down in size to create the Miniature and Toy varieties and fell out of favor with hunters. By the 20th century, the Poodle’s history as a hunting dog was all but forgotten as the breed gained popularity as companions and circus dogs, leading to the ‘frou-frou’ reputation you’re familiar with.”

Poodles were recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1887.

Types of Poodles

There are three types of Poodles: 

• Standard
• Miniature
• Toy

Standard Poodles are at least 15 inches tall at the shoulder (though most Standard Poodles are between 22 and 27 inches tall) and weigh 45 to 70 pounds. 

Miniature Poodles are between 10 and 15 inches tall and weigh 15 to 17 pounds. 

Toy Poodles are the smallest Poodles, at heights under 10 inches and weighing between 6 to 9 pounds.

Poodle Physical Characteristics

Although Standard, Miniature and Toy Poodles are different sizes, they share similar physical characteristics, including square, well-proportioned builds and distinctive coats. 

Poodles have either curly or corded coats. A curly coat is dense and harsh in texture while corded coats consist of fur that hangs in tight cords of varying lengths. Poodles with curly coats are more common, according to Latimer.

While most people probably envision a white Poodle when thinking about the dog breed, Poodle coats actually come in a variety of colors and hues. Common coat colors for Poodles include:

• Apricot
• Black
• Blue
• Brown
• Cream
• Grey
• Red
• Silver
• White

Poodle Personality Traits

Standard, Miniature and Toy Poodles might be very different in size, but Schwartz says their temperaments are quite similar. She describes the breed as highly intelligent, active, sociable and loyal. 

Poodles develop strong bonds with their owners but Schwartz notes that it’s not uncommon for the dogs to be aloof around strangers. Once Poodles feel comfortable, the breed is known for being warm and loving. Schwartz adds that Poodles are “great with children” and are often used as service and therapy dogs because of their willingness to work and their desire to please.

Miniature and Toy Poodles are sometimes reputed to be snappy or neurotic but this often comes as a response to being under-socialized. Well trained, well socialized Poodles still make excellent watch dogs, Latimer says.

“They might be small but they will let you know if someone is coming,” he says.

As the adage goes, their barks are bigger than their bites. Poodles are known for being calm and loyal companions.

Poodle Care Guide

Poodles, like all breeds, require affection, regular exercise, balanced diets, and veterinary care to live long, healthy lives. To give the best care to your Poodle, consider the following advice:

Diet and Nutrition

There is no one-size-fits-all diet for Poodles. Latimer suggests talking to your veterinarian for the type of food and number of calories your Poodle needs. The recommendation will depend on size and weight, medical issues, and lifestyle factors. In general, a high quality commercial dog food and limited number of treats is sufficient for good Poodle nutrition.

Exercise and Activity

Poodles—even the Miniature and Toy varieties—need regular exercise. Latimer notes that Poodles of all sizes appreciate brisk walks and, thanks to their backgrounds as water dogs and retrievers, Poodles often enjoy supervised water activities and excel at games like fetch. 

Incorporating regular training activities into their routine allows Poodles to exercise their bodies and minds, which is important for the intelligent, active dog breed.

“Don’t underestimate this breed’s need for physical and mental stimulation,” Schwartz adds. “Poodles need something to do or else they may develop destructive bad habits in an effort to entertain themselves. Even Toy Poodles are capable of keeping up with their humans on long walks, hikes, or other outdoor activities.”  

Grooming and Nail Care

Regular grooming for Poodles is a must. Their coats should be brushed at least once a week to prevent matting. Latimer also recommends professional grooming every few months. A groomer can provide an all-over trim or a more traditional “Poodle cut” like a puppy clip or sporting clip.

To achieve the puppy clip, groomers shave the face, throat, feet, and base of the tail, leaving a pompom on the base of the tail. The sporting clip involves shaving the face, feet, throat, and base of tail—a pompom remains at the end of the tail and the body and legs are clipped to one inch in length (or less).

Latimer also recommends regular baths. Bathing once per month is sufficient for most Poodles but dogs that go hiking, swimming, or that enjoy rolling around in foul-smelling things should be bathed more often to remove dirt and debris from their coats.

Poodle Health Issues

Poodles are often healthy dogs that live long lives but the breed is prone to certain health conditions.

Hip dysplasia: Larger breeds, including Standard Poodles, are at higher risk for hip dysplasia, Latimer says. The condition is caused when the femur fails to align with the hip socket, causing pain and reducing quality of life. 

Mitral valve disease: The disease occurs when the valves on the left side of the heart degenerate. Age is often the cause. “Smaller, fluffier breeds are more prone to mitral valve disease than other breeds,” Latimer says. “We see it often in Toy and Miniature Poodles.”

Eye issues: Poodles are prone to several issues, including optic nerve hypoplasia, a congenital condition that impairs the development of the optic nerve, often causing blindness. They may also suffer from progressive retinal atrophy, a disease that causes abnormal retinal cells, also causing blindness.

Bloat: Bloat is one of the biggest health risks for Standard Poodles due to their thin waists and deep chests, Latimer says. Bloat occurs when gas stretches the stomach, causing it to twist, which cuts off the blood supply to the stomach. It can be fatal. A procedure called a gastropexy that involves stitching the stomach to the side of the body wall can prevent bloat. Bloat is so common in Standard Poodles that Latimer recommends having a gastropexy done during spay/neuter surgery as a preventive measure.

Interesting Poodle Facts

Poodles are popular with celebrities. Walt Disney, Lucille Ball, Jacqueline Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe all owned Poodle dogs.

But one of the biggest Poodle lovers was Elvis Presley. The King of Rock and Roll had a Poodle named Champagne while he was stationed in Germany and he gifted Poodles to the women he loved. He offered his wife Priscilla a Poodle named Honey and gave one of his early girlfriends, Anita Wood, a Toy Poodle named Little Bit. 

In the early 18th century, a Poodle troupe performed and danced in London under the direction of their trainer, a performer named Crawley. The performance was called The Ball of Little Dogs and the star performers were named Marquis of Gaillerdain and Madame de Poncette. 

In 1988, a team of Poodles traveled to Alaska to compete in the Iditarod Sled Dog Race. They were led by sled-dog racer John Suter. And while the Poodles finished a whole week after the winner of the race, the team of Standard Poodles made it to the finish line. 

A Poodle’s coat never stops growing, which is why they need regular grooming. Poodle hair goes through a natural cycle, ending in breakage and loss just like human hair, but they don’t tend to shed in clumps like dogs with a fur coat (like a Golden Retriever, for example).

Popular Poodle Mixes

Poodles are prized for being intelligent and affectionate, which makes them a popular choice for crossbreeding. 

The “Doodle” breeds are among the most popular. These include:

• Labradoodle (Standard Poodle crossed with a Labrador Retrievers) 
• Goldendoodle (Standard Poodle mixed with a Golden Retriever)
• Bernedoodle (Standard Poodle mixed with a Bernese Mountain Dog) 

Miniature and Toy Poodles are also cross-bred with Yorkshire Terriers to create Yorkipoos; Cocker Spaniels to create Cockapoos; and Maltese to create Maltipoos.

Poodle Adoption: Tips and Things to Consider

If you want to adopt a Poodle, skip the shelter and humane societies and look for a breed-specific rescue instead.

Latimer adopted Gus from Carolina Poodle Rescue. There are a number of Poodle rescues nationwide, including: 

• NorCal Poodle Rescue
• Poodle Rescue of Houston 
• Poodle Club of America Rescue Foundation 

Sites like Petfinder and How I Met My Dog allow you to search by breed, making it easier to find adoptable Poodles.

Not only will it be easier to find adoptable Poodles in a breed-specific rescue, Latimer believes that the staff and volunteers at Poodle rescues are passionate about the breed and can provide detailed information about the temperaments and health needs of the Poodles in their care.

Poodle FAQs 

Before you bring a Poodle into your life and your home, it’s important to have answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about the breed. Let’s dive in, so you have all the information you need.

Are Poodles Hypoallergenic? 

Poodles have less dander than other dog breeds, according to Latimer, but research published in the American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy found that dog allergen levels in homes with so-called hypoallergenic dogs, including Poodles, were no lower than allergen levels in homes with non-hypoallergenic breeds. 

The American Kennel Club notes, “no dog is 100 percent hypoallergenic.” Poodles and other breeds with low-shedding coats produce less dander and are considered to be one of the “less allergenic” breeds.

Do Poodles Shed? 

Poodles do not shed in the traditional sense. “Poodles have a hair coat and not a fur coat,” Latimer says. “Their hair doesn’t fall out.” While they may not shed in clumps, they can still experience hair breakage just like humans.

Are Poodles Smart? 

In his book, “The Intelligence of Dogs,” author Stanley Coren, a renowned expert on dog-human interaction, listed Poodles as the second smartest dog breed (Border Collies topped the list). Schwartz describes Poodles as a “highly intelligent” dog breed.

What Were Poodles Bred For? 

Although it may come as a surprise, Poodles were originally bred to be hunting dogs. Their jobs involved jumping into the water to retrieve ducks and other waterfowl.

Are Poodles Aggressive? 

In a word, no. Poodles are not typically aggressive. “Poodles are calm and laid back and have no reputation for having aggressive temperaments,” says Latimer. That being said, any dog can be aggressive regardless of breed, which is why good training is always essential!

Pictures of Poodles

Browse our photo gallery to see pictures of Standard, Miniature, and Toy Poodles all in one place.

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Even original research on dogs and color vision were flawed, according to Dr. Wendy Townsend, veterinary ophthalmologist and associate professor at the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine. 

“The behavioral studies were not well designed, so we ended up thinking dogs were picking up on shapes and brightness, not color,” Townsend explains. “Now we have better behavioral tests that control for things like shape and brightness and give us a true picture of whether dogs can see color.”

The Mechanics of Dog Color Vision

Both dogs and humans have similar structures in their eyes. Dr. Emily Conway, a veterinary ophthalmologist with VCA Great Lakes Veterinary Specialists in Ohio, explains that dog eyes contain the following parts that make vision possible:

• Cornea, a clear, curved covering that protects the eye.
• Pupil, the black dot in the center of the eye.
• Iris, the colored area of the eye surrounding the pupil which controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
• Lens, which sits behind the iris and focuses light onto the retina. This gets thicker to focus on objects that are close and thinner to see objects that are in the distance.
• Retina, which houses the photoreceptors (cells that sense light and act like film in a camera), capturing an image and sending it to the brain via the optic nerve. 

The photoreceptors in the retina are made up of both rods and cones. The rods are responsible for peripheral vision and work best in dim light and for night vision. Dogs have more rods than humans, giving them superior night vision. Cones are responsible for central vision and function best in bright light. The cones also detect color. 

There is one major difference between dog vision and human vision when it comes to photoreceptors, Conway says. Humans are “trichromatic” and have three kinds of cones to perceive while dogs are “dichromatic” and only have two sets of cones—and this is the reason that we experience color differently from our four-legged friends.

Understanding Color Blindness

The cone cells have different sensitivities to light wavelengths. In humans, each of the three types of cones perceives different colors across the color spectrum: The blue light spectrum, green light spectrum, and red light spectrum. Your brain interprets the signals from the cone cells to determine the color of an object.

The cones were designed to work together so you can perceive all of the colors across the spectrum. Color blindness in humans occurs when one or more of the cone cells are missing or faulty, affecting how you perceive color.

In someone who is red-green colorblind—the most common type of colorblindness, according to the National Eye Institute—it is difficult to tell the difference between red and green. Depending on the type of red-green colorblindness, green might look more like red; or red might look more like green; or you might be unable to tell the difference between two colors, seeing them both in shades of grey.  

Are Dogs Color Blind? 

Several studies have explored how dogs perceive color—or whether dogs can see color at all—and determined that our four-legged companions have two sets of cones that allow them to see colors on the blue and yellow spectrums but not colors on the red or green spectrum. Research confirms that dogs are red-green colorblind.

 In one study, dogs were shown an animated silhouette of a black cat moving across a white screen and later shown several silhouettes of different shades of red cats on green backgrounds. The results showed that dogs were able to see the black cats but had low-to-no responses to the red cats on green backgrounds, leading researchers to declare that dogs experience red-green colorblindness (1).

“We can’t ask them or get inside their brain to see what they see, which makes it a little tricky,” Conway says. “But looking at their retinas through [the microscope], we think that colors on the red-green spectrum appear as shades of grey or brown.” 

Do Dogs See in Black and White?

It’s a long-held (and inaccurate) belief that dogs don’t see color. Dogs see colors on the blue to violet and yellow spectrums as well as black, white, and grey. So dogs don’t just see in black and white. Their vision allows them to see other tones and varieties—just not as many as humans.

“Dogs are better able to discriminate between shades of grey,” Townsend says. “The advantage [to seeing multiple shades of grey] is that dogs can break camouflage and find things that are hiding.”

What Colors Do Dogs See?

Now that you know dogs can see a range of colors and that they don’t just experience the world in black and white, let’s take a deeper dive into some specific colors and explain if and how dogs see them. 

Can Dogs See Red?

Dogs do not see red. When a toy is pure red, it will appear grey to dogs. However, if red objects have yellow or bluish undertones, dogs will see them as muted versions of that color, Townsend notes.  

Can Dogs See Orange and Pink?

Because orange and pink are on the red color spectrum, dogs cannot see these colors. 

Can Dogs See Green?

Dogs are red-green color blind and cannot see green. Similar to their perception of red, objects that are pure green will appear grey to dogs. If those items have undertones of yellow or blue, which dogs can see, the object may appear as a muted tone.

Can Dogs See Blue?

The cones in a dog’s eyes are set up to allow dogs to see the color blue. Dogs can see all shades of blue.

Can Dogs See Yellow?

Just like blue, dogs can see all shades of yellow.

Are There Calming Colors for Dogs?

There is no evidence that dogs prefer certain colors or that shades of one color are more calming than another, says Conway. 

A green ball sitting in a patch of grass might be harder to see while a yellow ball in the same patch of grass stands out—but as long as there is a ball to play with, most dogs will be happy with either color. 

Conway notes that her dog favors a squeaky green pickle wearing a red Santa hat and seems unconcerned that it appears as shades of grey.

“There are not a lot of reasons for dogs to have to distinguish between different colors,” Townsend adds. “There don’t appear to be any disadvantages to dogs from being red-green colorblind.”

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“Whiskers are special,” says Dr. Bruce Kornreich, director of the Cornell Feline Health Center at Cornell University. “In the follicles, there are sensory neurons that go to the brain to give information about tactile interactions with the environment.”

Why Do Cats Have Whiskers?

Cats are born with their whiskers and the hairs, which grow on their upper lips, chins, above their eyes, and on the back of the wrists on their forelimbs (called carpal whiskers). These whiskers are an essential part of cat anatomy.  

While the stiff hairs are made up of protein called keratin that contains no nerves, the hair follicles at the base of the whisker are chock full of nerve endings and blood vessels and contain sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain. Whiskers also help cats compensate for poor short-distance vision, heightening their senses and providing important information about their environments. 

“Cats use their whiskers to guide them through the environment,” explains Dr. Sara E. Gonzalez, clinical assistant professor in the community practice clinic at the University of Georgia. 

Their whiskers help them to avoid running into things, help with their vision in low light, and even help with hunting because the hairs allow them to sense their prey or even to alert them to predators.

Cat whiskers also prevent cats from getting stuck in small spaces. The hairs spread out as wide as their bodies, allowing cats to sense whether they will fit into enclosed spaces. Cats may also use their whiskers to provide clues to their moods. 

“Whiskers contain muscles that allow them to be moved,” Kornreich says. “You can tell when cats are hunting or excited, [because their whiskers] move forward. When cats are nervous or feel threatened, the whiskers might get pinned back against their face to make them feel as small as possible. When they are relaxed, their whiskers are out to the sides.”

Since cats tend to be stoic, a team of researchers at the University of Calgary developed a feline pain scale that uses clues about how a cat holds its head, ears, muzzle, and the position of their whiskers to determine their level of pain. The tool is aimed at helping veterinarians assess how a cat is feeling to guide their treatment decisions.

Whiskers are so sensitive that some veterinarians have suggested that cats can suffer from “whisker fatigue” if their whiskers are overstimulated. The whiskers touching the side of the food or water bowls when cats eat or drink is an oft-cited cause for whisker fatigue (also known as whisker stress) but there is no hard data to confirm a diagnosis. 

How Many Whiskers Do Cats Have?

Cats are born with 24 whiskers—two sets of 12 whiskers arranged in four lines on each side of their face, according to Kornreich. 

While kittens have shorter whiskers that grow longer over time, mature whisker length varies according to breed. Longer haired cats like the Maine Coon tend to have longer whiskers than short-haired or hairless breeds. In fact, the world record for the longest cat whiskers was awarded to Missi, a Maine Coon cat from Finland that had whiskers measuring seven-and-a-half inches long, according to the Guinness Book of World Records.

Cats have conical or tapered whiskers that are narrower at the tip than the base. Research shows that this shape provides more accurate information about the environment, allowing cats greater mobility and more accurate movements in their surroundings than other mammals such as harbor seals that have cylindrical whiskers (1).

Do Cats Shed Their Whiskers?

Cats do shed their whiskers. While shedding is a natural process and the hairs do grow back, excessive whisker loss or breakage might be a sign of a medical issue. Sudden stress, high fever, endocrine disorders and parasites like ringworm or demodectic mange as possible reasons cats might experience whisker loss or breakage, according to Gonzalez. Cats undergoing chemotherapy treatments for cancer may also lose their whiskers (2).

If you notice excessive whisker loss or breakage, call your veterinarian to see if there is a medical cause. 

Treating the medical issue often allows whiskers to regrow. In some cases, including diseases like ringworm, veterinarians may clip or pluck infected whiskers as part of the treatment, according to research published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (3). 

Whether a cat sheds its whiskers, loses them, or has them cut or removed due to a medical issue, a cat’s whiskers will grow back.

Can You Cut a Cat’s Whiskers?

While some shedding or breakage is normal, cat whiskers do not need to be trimmed or groomed and Kornreich advises pet owners against cutting them.

Cat whiskers are similar to human hair and have no nerves so it is not painful to cut them. But cutting a whisker—even just a few inches—deprives cats of an important sensory tool to navigate their environments, he explains.

Whiskers should never, ever be pulled out.

“Whiskers are connected to nerves at the base and it would be painful to pull them out,” Gonzalez says. “Just like cutting any other hair, it wouldn’t hurt and the whiskers would grow back but it would make them more cautious about moving in their environment.”

If there is a medical need such as an abscess at the base of the whiskers, the procedure would be done in a veterinary hospital or clinic with the proper sedation and pain medication. 

Instead of trimming, removing, or otherwise grooming cat whiskers, Kornreich suggests appreciating their natural state, adding, “Whiskers are an amazing evolutionary adaptation that helps these unique creatures navigate their environments,” he says.

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But the sheer number of products on the market and the differing amounts of cannabidiol in each have made it impossible to decide what—and how much—to give your four-legged friend. 

If the process of choosing a product and calculating the correct CBD dose for your dog or cat has you stressed, don’t worry—determining CBD dosing is easier than you think.

CBD Dosing for Pets: General Tips and Guidelines 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not released an approved standard for CBD dosing for pets. In the absence of federal guidelines, companies depend on clinical research and expertise to make dosing recommendations.

Some CBD dosage calculators use just two factors to determine how much CBD oil you should offer your pet: the species (cat or dog) and their weight.

Age is an important factor to consider in CBD dosing because it affects metabolism. Younger dogs tend to be more active and have faster metabolisms, which uses the cannabinoids more quickly than older, less active dogs with slower metabolisms. Even though older dogs may have more health issues, they need lower doses of CBD oil to achieve results.

How Much CBD Oil Should I Give My Dog?

In dogs of all ages, it is better to start with lower doses of CBD oil. Starting with the maximum dose of CBD oil in the hopes of getting instant results can have the opposite effect. 

It’s not dangerous but it can overwhelm a dog’s system and leave them feeling unwell. A “low and slow” approach helps prime your pet’s cannabinoid receptors, making the active ingredients more effective. 

Start with a single dose (based on the recommendations for age and weight included in the dosing chart). 

For the first 3 days: Offer CBD oil or CBD soft chews just once per day.

After 3 days: Increase the dose to twice per day. 

This conservative approach might seem counterintuitive, but it leads to greater results.

Some dogs will not need more than the starting dose while others will require gradual increases depending on the severity of their health conditions. 

If you increase the dosing to twice per day after the 3-day introduction and are not seeing results, it’s safe to increase the dose by 0.25 milliliters per day.

CBD Dosing Example for Dogs

For instance, the recommended dose of hemp oil (800 milligram) is 0.75 milliliters for a two-year-old Golden Retriever weighing 60-pounds. That suggested dose goes down with age. 

For a dog that is the same weight and breed, but is over 10 years old, the recommended dose of hemp oil is just 0.25 milliliters.

How Much CBD Oil Should I Give My Cat?

Cats are a different species and require specific dosing instructions. 

A 10-pound chihuahua and a 10-pound tabby cat might require the same starting dose but cats tend to need lower doses and less cannabidiol to experience positive results. 

That’s why the 400 milligram CBD oil is recommended for cats. The 800 milligram CBD oil is too much for cats. 

CBD Dosing Example for Cats

Similar to the dosing instructions for dogs, the recommended dosing for cats is based on their age and weight—the older a cat, the lower the dose. 

A cat weighing under 25 pounds should get a starting dose of 0.5 milliliters if they are between the ages of 1 and 4 and a dose of 0.25 milliliters if they are over the age of 5.

CBD Soft Chews: How is Dosing Different?

Both CBD oil tinctures and CBD soft chews contain cannabidiol, but their doses are different.

CBD oil comes with a dropper that can be used to give a precise dose to pets and the amount can be increased in incremental doses. 

In comparison, each soft chew contains 450 milligrams of CBD. The treats can be broken apart to offer pets less than 450 milligrams. It is not possible to be as precise about dosing with soft chews.

CBD oil must be given with food and is often used at home, whereas the chews can be offered on the go. Many pet owners offer both the oils and the treats, choosing CBD oil when their dog or cat needs a higher, more precise dose and the treats for times when a little CBD is needed to help provide some calm in a stressful situation.

How Long Does it Take for CBD to Start Working in Pets?

Just as dosing varies between pets, the amount of time it takes to see results varies, too. Some pets owners will notice a difference after the first dose while others require several doses to experience a response. 

Age, size and metabolism all play a role in how quickly CBD will start working for your particular pet.

Can Pets Take Too Much CBD?

Cannabidiol is considered relatively safe and effective in pets. Research published in the journal Animals found that CBD oil is well-tolerated and safe at a dose of 2 mg/kg in dogs, and that side effects in cats were relatively uncommon (1). A separate study showed that the most common adverse effect reported in dogs was diarrhea, although some dogs also developed abnormal liver values during treatment (2).

Following the “low and slow” approach to dosing and using the suggested dosing chart as a guide will help pet owners choose the right dose for their dogs and cats. 

What to Do if You Have Questions About CBD Dosing

If you have questions about CBD dosing, call your veterinarian. Your veterinarian knows your pet and your pet’s history, and may be able to help guide you or direct you about the right dose for your dog or cat. 

If you are worried about potential side effects, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center has help available via its hotline.

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In 2018, sales of tinctures, treats, and other pet products containing cannabidiol totaled $32 million in sales, quadrupling over the previous year, according to the Brightfield Group. The cannabis-focused research firm estimates that the market could top $1 billion by 2022.

Pet owners are purchasing CBD products to help their dogs and cats overcome issues ranging from anxiety and arthritis pain to seizures and cancer. 

Thanks to their widespread popularity, the number of CBD pet products on the market has exploded—and that can make it hard for pet owners to decide which ones to choose for their four-legged companions. 

CBD Oil and CBD Soft Chews: How Are These Products Different?

Both CBD oil tinctures and CBD soft chews contain cannabidiol, a natural medicinal ingredient found in the cannabis plant. The hemp-derived ingredient is converted to an odorless oil known as a tincture or extracted as an isolate.

Let’s take a closer look and compare oils and soft chews:

CBD Oil For Pets

CBD oil comes with a dropper that can be used to give a precise dose to pets. While some pets will let their owners put the oil under their tongues or against their cheeks, most pet owners drizzle the oil on their pet’s food. 

Giving CBD oil with food is important because it increases the amount of CBD that gets absorbed, ensuring the active ingredients can take effect. 

Compared to soft chews, CBD oil has a higher concentration of cannabidiol and contains other minor cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN) and cannabichromene (CBC) as well as terpenes and flavonoids—all compounds from the cannabis plant that have healing properties—to increase the health benefits. Thanks to the marked dropper, pet owners can administer precise dosing. 

CBD Soft Chews for Pets

Soft chews are made with a CBD isolate, a product that contains CBD oil but no other cannabinoids. The cannabidiol is combined with a proprietary blend of botanicals that have been scientifically proven to offer healing properties such as reduced anxiety and inflammation. 

The soft chews can be offered as treats, making it easy for pet owners to give them during a car ride, at the veterinarian’s office, or other places where cats and dogs could use a calming boost. They may also have added natural flavoring to increase palatability for dogs and cats. 

Also, each chew contains a fixed amount of CBD, meaning the dosing is not as easily adjusted as it is with oil products. 

A Closer Look at Products From The Anxious Pet

At the Anxious Pet, it’s important for us to offer products that work for the lifestyle of you and your pet. We have a variety of formulations and offerings, including organic hemp oils and soft chews. Our soft chews are available with and without CBD. 

Read on for more information on how these products differ and how they can be used together as part of your pet’s calming routine. 

The Anxious Pet Organic Hemp Oil 

Organic hemp is grown without the addition of toxic pesticides and other harmful chemicals, and the CBD oil extracted from the plant material is organic, too. Since the products are absorbed into the bloodstream, an organic product ensures that dogs and cats are not consuming chemicals or additives.

In order for a product to be labeled organic, it must contain at least 95 percent organic material. A certified organic CBD tincture contains organic hemp oil and organic carrier oils such as the fractionated coconut oil (which is used as a carrier oil in Anxious Pet products). 

The Anxious Pet Hemp Oil is easy to give directly into a pet’s mouth or can be added to food. Dosing instructions are available on the box, and are recommended based on your pet’s age and weight. Dosing can be easily adjusted up or down with the dropper based on your pet’s needs. 

Our hemp oil products contain more CBD than our soft chews, and the tincture form allows for the oil to absorb more quickly into a pet’s bloodstream—which means it works more quickly than CBD treats or chews. 

The Anxious Pet Calming Soft Chews

The Anxious Pet Calming Soft Chews are made with a CBD isolate and the cannabidiol is combined with carefully selected botanical ingredients and the right nutritional balance to ensure maximum health benefits. Unlike CBD oil—which can be given in precise doses—each soft chew contains a set amount of CBD. This makes adjusting the dose to precise amounts more difficult.

We also offer a Soft Chew formulated without CBD. The vegan, grain-free formula contains herbs such as gingko biloba, kava kava, passionflower, and lavender that are known for their calming properties. 

Both the CBD and CBD-free soft chews are flavored. The peanut butter and bacon flavors make dogs and cats will think of them as delicious treats, not medicine.

A Closer Look at Key Differences

Can Both These Products Be Used Together?

Pet owners often purchase both CBD oil and soft chews for their dogs and cats and use them together. 

Some pets get a dose of CBD oil added to meals and soft chews as occasional treats (or training tools with added health and wellness benefits). Since CBD oil must be given with food, pet owners might opt to use the oil at home and use the soft chews for an on-the-go dose. 

Dosing recommendations for Anxious Pet products ensure that the amount of cannabidiol in the products will never harm a pet—even when both products are used together.

How to Choose Which CBD Product is Right for Your Pet

Both CBD oil and soft chews are safe, effective options for helping with a range of health and wellness concerns in cats and dogs.

CBD oil is often the preferred product for moderate to severe anxiety. The tincture allows for more precise dosing and the oil is more readily absorbed into the bloodstream (making it more effective) but it requires extra effort to administer: The dose must be measured and given with food, and some pets might object to the taste. 

With soft chews, the dose of CBD oil is pre-measured and pets love the flavors. Pets get the benefits of CBD in an easy-to-use format. 

The good news: There is no need to choose between a tincture and a chew. The CBD products can be used together, allowing pet owners to choose when their dog or cat might need a higher, more precise dose with an oil or a lower-dose CBD chew that helps take the edge off, leading to healthier, more relaxed dogs and cats.

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Figuring out what might be causing these behaviors can require a bit of investigation, according to Dr. Tessa King, veterinarian with Compassion 4 Paws in Edmunds, Washington.

“You need to be a detective and look for clues,” she adds. “Keeping a journal to look for patterns can help the vet figure out what might be causing behaviors like panting and restlessness.”

Why Do Dogs Pant?

Panting is a normal behavior. Dogs sweat a little through their paw pads but they largely depend on panting to expel hot air from their lungs and draw in cool air to cool down, notes veterinary behaviorist Dr. Lore Haug of Texas Veterinary Behavior Service in Sugar Land, Texas. 

While it’s normal for dogs to pant after a long walk or in sweltering temperatures, panting during rest (or in a temperature-controlled home) could be a sign of other issues such as discomfort or pain. Certain medications, including steroids, opioids and thyroid medications can cause increased panting; and overweight dogs are also more prone to rapid breathing. Anxiety is another common cause of panting. 

“Just like we use breathing exercises [in yoga and meditation] to tap into our anti-fight or flight response, dogs do the same thing,” Haug says. “Panting can help dogs relax and distract them from discomfort.” 

Haug looks for physical cues to determine why a dog won’t stop panting. A dog that is anxious tends to have his mouth open, lips pulled back and tongue in his mouth while a dog panting due to heat usually has his tongue hanging out of its mouth.

Dogs may pant for a combination of reasons, including pain and anxiety or weight issues and medication side effects. 

Monitoring your dog’s behavior to determine whether it is related to temperature or only happens during certain situations (like thunderstorms) may help explain why your dog won’t stop panting. A physical exam can also help your veterinarian determine the root cause of chronic panting.

Why is My Dog Panting and Restless?

Panting may be accompanied by restlessness. Similar to panting, restlessness can be attributed to multiple potential causes. 

“A significant portion of dogs start to pace when they become anxious,” Haug says. “Dogs might be restless because they are trying to escape a storm or feel agitated by something in their environment like an unfamiliar noise in the house or a dog barking down the street; pacing helps dissipate their arousal.”

Research published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior found that general fearfulness, noise sensitivity and separation anxiety were the most common reasons for dogs to exhibit anxious behaviors.

If panting and pacing are caused by anxiety, dogs may also have other symptoms, including trembling, whining, barking, increased drooling and, in extreme cases, loss of bladder control. Anxious dogs can also be clingy, looking to their owners for extra comfort and attention.

Dogs with injuries or painful conditions such as arthritis are also prone to panting and restlessness: The struggle to find a comfortable position to rest leads to pacing and the pain causes panting. 

In older dogs, King also cites cognitive issues as a key reason that dogs exhibit symptoms like panting and restlessness. Cognitive issues like Canine Cognitive Disorder or “doggie dementia” can lead dogs to become confused about their surroundings, causing anxiety.

Why is My Dog Panting All Night?

The incidence of Canine Cognitive Disorder increases with age. One study found that dogs over 16 years old experienced the highest rates of this dementia-like disease but symptoms started in dogs as young as 10 years old.

Dogs with canine cognitive disorder often experience disturbances in their sleep/wake cycles and may be up—and pacing around the house—all night. Calming soft chew treats or hemp oil could help ease the symptoms and give your pup a good night’s rest. 

Your house is also quieter at night, making it easier for your dog to tune into sounds in the environment that could trigger anxious behaviors like panting and restlessness. 

What to Do if Your Dog is Panting and Restless

If you lie awake at night thinking, “Why is my dog panting and restless?” schedule an appointment with the vet to get a diagnosis. Determining the cause can help your veterinarian come up with the best treatment. 

“Your veterinarian can help you manage the medical and behavioral issues and get your pet some relief,” King says.

Common treatments range from anxiety-reducing wraps and behavior modification exercises to calming supplements and prescription medications. 

Wraps provide comforting pressure (similar to swaddling a baby) and they work for short-term anxiety-producing situations such as thunderstorms. Supplements with active ingredients such as L-theanine, chamomile, valerian and milk proteins can ease anxiety—but Haug advises purchasing veterinary-grade supplements to ensure their quality. In more serious cases, prescription medications may be required. 

Hemp oil is also popular. Cannabidiol, the natural compound found in hemp has no psychoactive properties and is reported to have calming properties. 

Seeking treatment is important, Haug says. 

“Chronic anxiety can be detrimental to their health, and even if it’s episodic, it can shorten their lifespans,” she adds. “If left untreated, the severity can increase dramatically.”

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Despite the ick factor, cat owners spend $3.9 billion on litter products every year. Manufacturers have developed all manner of products to help make cleaning the cat litter less cringe-worthy from “scoopable” cat litter and litter box liners to deodorizers and self-cleaning litter boxes. But the availability of flushable cat litter is also expanding. 

Between 1 and 3 percent of cat owners report purchasing cat litter made from flushable products such as wheat, newspaper, corn, and wood shavings, according to a recent American Pet Products Association report.

“Pet owners are demanding more eco-friendly products and companies are responding to that,” says Dr. Jami-Lyn Derse, veterinarian and founder of Veterinary Housecall Care in Chicago. “A lot of these flushable cat litters are made from more eco-friendly materials.”

Flushable cat litter is touted as a more convenient and sustainable option than conventional clumping litters that must be bagged and tossed in the trash—but is it worth the extra cost? 

What Is Flushable Cat Litter?

Flushable cat litter is made from biodegradable materials that break down in the environment. It will not harden when mixed with water and is supposed to be safe to flush down the toilet. 

Conventional cat litter is often made from a combination of clay and silica. The granules in clay-based cat litter harden and expand when they get wet, giving it a concrete-like consistency. It might make the litter box easier to clean but it could clog the pipes and wreak havoc on the plumbing if pet parents attempt to dispose of it in the toilet.

Clay and silica-based litters are also mined, which could lead to environmental damage (1). But flushable cat litters are made from sustainable materials such as shredded newspaper, sawdust, corn kernels, walnut shells, or wheat enzymes. Most mainstream retailers stock flushable kitty litter.

Types of Flushable Cat Litter

All flushable litter for cats is made from biodegradable materials. Some manufacturers make their litter from a single material while others use a combination of materials in their biodegradable flushable litter. Here are a few of the most common materials used in flushable cat litter:

Corn 

Natural compressed corn, whole kernel corn, or corn pulp are among the top products used in flushable cat litter brands. Manufacturers tout them as natural, biodegradable materials.

Wheat

This common agricultural crop is also used in cat litter. Like corn, it is hailed as a biodegradable, renewable material. When moisture is added to the starches in wheat, it clumps, making it easier to scoop. 

Wood Products

Some brands of flushable litter are made from sawdust, shavings, and other reclaimed wood (that has not been treated with chemical sealants). Thanks to the natural deodorizers and fresh scents of woods like pine and cedar, cat litter products made from recycled wood claim to eliminate odors. 

Shredded Paper

Paper is pressed into soft pellets to make flushable cat litter. Manufacturers often use post-consumer paper to ensure the product is sustainable. Baking soda is often added to the lightweight litter to help with odor control.

Pros of Flushable Cat Litter

When it comes to cat litter, flushable brands made from sustainable materials offer two big benefits over conventional cat litters.

Sustainability

The search for a “greener” alternative to conventional cat litter is one of the biggest reasons cat owners consider flushable cat litter, according to Derse.  

The clay used in conventional cat litter is collected through a process called strip mining that removes the top layer of soil and rock to access clay, affecting ecosystems and polluting waterways. In contrast, flushable cat litter is made from products that are biodegradable or renewable.

Flushable cat litter is more environmentally friendly even if you bag it (in a paper or biodegradable bag) and send it to the landfill instead of flushing it down the toilet.

Convenience 

Flushing litter down the toilet might be easier than scooping it into a bag and disposing of it in the trash, especially for cat owners with litter boxes in the bathroom or whose outdoor trash receptacles are not easily accessible, says Dr. Lori M. Teller, clinical associate professor in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Texas A&M University. 

“It’s mostly about convenience,” she explains.

Cons of Flushable Cat Litter

Flushable cat litter might be a more sustainable, convenient option but it also has several drawbacks.

It Doesn’t Clump Easily

A whopping 63 percent of cat owners choose litter that is clumping or scoopable, according to the APPA report—and for good reason, according to Teller.

“You can scoop stool, but it’s much harder to scoop urine if it’s not clumping,” she says. “It makes it harder to clean.”

Cat litter that clumps could clog the pipes, which means that flushable cat litter was designed not to clump and that can make it messier or more difficult to clean up. 

Animal Health Concerns

Some of the products used to make flushable cat litter, including corn and wheat, are common allergens. If you are allergic to these products and handle corn-or wheat-based cat litter, it could cause a reaction. Read the ingredient label carefully. 

Cat feces can also contain toxoplasma, an illness-causing parasite that can be passed to humans. A growing number of marine mammals have been diagnosed with toxoplasmosis, which is believed to have survived the sewage treatment process, allowing cat litter flushed down the toilet to sweep the parasite out to sea.

Plumbing Concerns

Even though it was designed to be flushed down the toilet, flushable cat litter can still cause clogs. Septic systems, in particular, were not designed to handle the extra solids from flushable cat litter and can struggle (or fail) to break down in the septic system. Flushing pet waste may also exceed the design capacity of the septic system.

“Older systems are more fragile and newer toilets flush lower volumes of water,” Teller says. 

Because of this, Teller recommends flushing one or two clumps at a time rather than emptying the entire contents of the litter box into the toilet. But, with each flush, your water use goes up and the environmental benefits go down—and it takes longer to clean the litter box.

Higher Cost

Flushable cat litter tends to be more expensive than conventional clay-based clumping cat litter. Although each bag might cost just a few dollars more, it can add up over the life of your cat. 

Should You Really Flush Cat Litter?

The cat litter might be labeled “flushable” but that doesn’t mean it’s safe to send it down the toilet to the wastewater treatment plant. In fact, some state governments, including Rhode Island, prohibit pet owners from flushing pet waste. 

The California legislature even passed a bill that requires flushable cat litter manufacturers to add a statement to their packaging that discourages cat owners from flushing cat litter down the toilet. 

And as previously mentioned, even flushable litters can cause plumbing and septic tank issues—but that doesn’t mean flushable litter is a bad idea.

 “The main reason a litter is eco-friendly is because of the [materials in the] litter, not how you dispose of it,” Derse says. “There are excellent ‘flushable’ litter products out there that can go into the garbage can and go to the landfill to biodegrade.”

How to Switch Cat Litters

Switching to flushable cat litter is not as simple as purchasing a bag and filling the litter box.  

“Cats are really finicky,” Derse says. “Some will go into the litter box and use [new litter] with no problem, but some will go outside the box.”

For a smooth transition, Derse advises placing multiple litter boxes around the house and filling one with the old litter and one with the new, flushable product to see how the cat responds. If the cat avoids that litter box with the flushable litter altogether, your feline might never adapt. Consider experimenting with a different brand (or ingredient mix) of flushable litter to see if there is one your cat prefers.

Over time, mix in ever-increasing amounts of flushable litter in with the old litter so the change is gradual. 

“You have to go slow and almost trick them into using it,” Derse says.

The post Flushable Cat Litter: Weighing the Pros and Cons appeared first on Great Pet Care.

“Cats are fastidious about cleanliness,” explains Dr. Marci L. Koski, certified feline behavior consultant and founder of Feline Behavior Solutions.

Flexible felines spend up to 50 percent of their waking hours on grooming, bending, and stretching to make sure that all of their fur—from the tips of their ears to the ends of their tails—is groomed to perfection.

In multi-cat households, some cats groom each other, offering a few quick licks behind the ears or a full bath for their feline friends.

Cat Self-Grooming: An Overview

Grooming is an essential cat behavior. Felines groom themselves to remove dirt and debris from their fur; distribute the oils in their skin to keep their coats silken and smooth; swipe away dead skin cells; remove parasites; and keep injuries clean and prevent infection from setting in. For outdoor cats, grooming also helps remove scents that could reveal their locations to potential predators, according to Koski.

“Grooming is also soothing behavior,” she adds.

Since cats are dependent on grooming for both health and survival, their tongues are designed for the task. Koski notes that cats have papillae on their tongues. These are hooked hairs that give their tongues the feeling of sandpaper and serve as bristles designed to “comb” their fur, removing mats and keeping them clean.

Why Do Cats Groom Each Other?

Mother cats start grooming their kittens at birth, moving their rough tongues over their newborns to stimulate breathing and bowel movements.

“A cat’s mother will groom them not only to keep the kittens clean but to teach them proper grooming for when they are older,” explains Jessica Watson, certified animal training and enrichment professional at Best Friends Animal Society.

The act of cats grooming each other, called allogrooming, does not stop when kittens take over their own grooming.

Part of the reason cats groom each other might be for practical purposes. Koski notes that cats tend to focus their mutual grooming around the head and neck, which are spots that are difficult for cats to reach on their own.

Cats also groom each other as a sign of affection. Allogrooming is most common in cats that are related or have strong social bonds.

The higher likelihood of mutual grooming among related cats led researchers at the University of Georgia to recommend that those considering adopting more than one cat (or bringing an additional cat into their homes) were more apt to engage in this important social, bonding behavior.

While it is uncommon for cats in shelters to engage in mutual grooming, Watson notes that cats living in the same household who are not related but are comfortable with each other may also groom each other on occasion.

What if Cats Fight After Grooming Each Other?

When cats groom each other and then fight, it is not a sign of dominance, mating behavior, or acting territorial—and the “fighting” might not be fighting at all.

“When cats fight after grooming it may be because one cat is done with the affection and wants to be left alone, like a hug that lingered too long,” Watson says. “Or, they may not be fighting at all—they may in fact be playing. Cats like to wrestle and it’s an important part of how young cats learn to hunt and defend themselves that carries on into adulthood.”

The grooming-wrestling-fighting cycle is normal and there is no need to step in to stop it—unless one cat has an illness or injuries that make mutual grooming a bad idea, or bite or scratch injuries resulting from the fighting. For example, cats with skin injuries or stitches following surgeries or other medical procedures need time to heal. In these situations, allowing self grooming or allogrooming could cause irritation.

“Unless there is a medical concern, this behavior is natural and there is no need to stop or discourage it,” Watson says.

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“Further studies are needed to better understand if and how different animals, including pets, can be affected by this virus,” explains Dr. Casey Barton Behravesh, director of CDC’s One Health Office in the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. “Please do not panic. There’s no reason to be afraid of pets.”

Even though the risks are low, cats appear to be more susceptible to COVID-19 than dogs. Here’s what we know so far. 

Are Cats at Risk for COVID-19? 

To date, cats in countries ranging from Belgium to China have tested positive for COVID-19. Additionally, two cats in New York tested positive for the virus in April. The cats, from separate homes in different parts of the state, were the first pets in the U.S. to test positive for the virus. Both had mild respiratory symptoms and are expected to recover.

One cat lived with an owner who had a confirmed case of COVID-19. It was the second case that Barton Behravesh found interesting.

“There were no individuals in the household confirmed to be ill with COVID-19, so this virus might have been transmitted to the cat by a mildly ill or asymptomatic household member or through contact with an infected person,” she explains. “The cat sometimes went outside, so it could have picked it up from a person outside, too.”

Although they are not domestic cats, four tigers and three African lions at the Bronx Zoo also tested positive for COVID-19.

Dr. Jeanette O’Quin, assistant professor at The Ohio State University, is not surprised that the respiratory disease was diagnosed in cats in an area with a high number of COVID-19 cases. 

“We already knew that cats were susceptible and we expected that [cats would be exposed], especially considering how many human cases there were in New York,” she says. “When you think about the numbers of people who are infected compared to the number of animals that are infected, it’s a very rare occurrence.”

New research published in the journal Science tested the susceptibility of domestic animals, including cats, dogs and ferrets, to coronavirus and found that cats were the most susceptible to airborne infections. In contrast, dogs showed low susceptibility to the virus. 

Not only did the inoculated cats get sick with mild to moderate illness, there was evidence that the infected cats were able to transmit COVID-19 to other cats—though it didn’t happen in all cases. One of the infected cats in New York had a feline “sibling” that tested negative for the virus and just one in three cats housed next to coronavirus-infected cats in the laboratory study contracted the virus.

“In the experimental infection…they inoculated cats in very, very, very high doses—much higher than they would ever be exposed to in a natural exposure—and housed them with cats that they didn’t expose,” O’Quin says. “This experiment shows that it’s possible, but is it probable? We are just not seeing very many infections in pets.”

Why Are Cats More Susceptible to COVID-19?

The reasons cats are more apt to contract the disease than dogs come down to basic biology: Cats have a cell receptor in their upper airway that makes it easier for the virus to cause illness, according to Barton Behravesh. 

O’Quin suggests thinking of the virus and its carriers like a lock and key.

“If the virus enters a duck and…none of the cells have the locks that fit the coronavirus’ key, it doesn’t cause any problems because the virus can’t enter the cells or cause any disruption to the tissues,” she says. 

The virus seems to have a key that fits the lock in cats’ cell receptors, making COVID-19 more likely to cause illness in some cats.

Should You Test Your Cat for COVID-19?

COVID-19 testing for animals is available. Barton Behravesh notes that testing for animals is done in veterinary laboratories and the resources used to test cats for the coronavirus are not taking away from those being used for human testing.

If your cat has symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, shortness of breath, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or lack of energy, you should call your veterinarian—but that doesn’t mean your cat will be tested for COVID-19.

“The decision to test animals right now is at the state level,” Barton Behravesh adds. “A state public health veterinarian and a state animal health official would work together with a veterinarian who suspects that this animal needs to be tested for COVID-19 due to its clinical signs and exposure, and make that decision whether or not to test.”

Let your veterinarian know if your cat has been exposed to someone with COVID-19 so they can make the best decisions about testing and treatment.

“The pets that have become sick so far have been mildly ill,” Barton Behravesh says. “Some of them have needed a little bit of treatment, like IV fluids for example, but nothing too extreme. The majority of pets that have been infected with this virus have been able to be cared for at home.”

Protecting Your Cats from COVID-19

The risk of your cat being diagnosed with COVID-19 is very low but there are steps you can take to further reduce the odds. For starters, Barton Behravesh advises keeping cats indoors or letting them out to explore during supervised leash walks. 

“Not letting your cat roam freely outside is important,” she says. 

Keep your cats separated from anyone who is ill; avoid coughing or sneezing on them, and, if you are ill, someone else in the household should care for your felines. If you are caring for cats while a loved one is sick with COVID-19, O’Quin suggests keeping the cats separated from other people and animals for a few days.

The most important thing you can do to protect your cats is continuing to care for them. 

“Pets are such an important and wonderful part of our lives—there are 94 million pet cats alone in our country right now—and they’re offering us support and companionship during these difficult times,” Barton Behravesh says. “It’s so important to look at the bigger picture and know that this is an uncommon thing for cats to be getting sick. Enjoy your pets.”

The post Cats and COVID-19: What We Know So Far appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Ticks are present in all 50 states and the eight-legged arachnids can transmit tick-borne diseases like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis. In 2022, over 424,000 dogs tested positive for Lyme disease and 425,568 were diagnosed with a life-threatening illness called anaplasmosis, according to data collected from the Companion Animal Parasite Council (1).

“Ticks have mouthparts that act like saws to penetrate the skin,” explains Dr. Ed Breitschwerdt, Melanie S. Steele Distinguished Professorship in Medicine at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Once they attach, they secrete a variety of substances that transmit viruses, bacteria, or groups of infectious agents.”

What Do Ticks Look Like?

Ticks are arachnids, not insects. A tick goes through four life stages: eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. The life stage can affect what a tick looks like.

Larvae, also called seed ticks, earn their name because they are similar in both size and appearance to a poppyseed. Depending on the species, adult ticks can be as small as a 1/4-inch long; engorged ticks (that have feasted on blood) are larger. Tick larvae have six legs while nymphs and adults have eight legs.

Ticks have heads that are much smaller than their bodies. Their mouthparts, the parts that attach to the host, consist of two palps, two chelicerae (chel-is-sir-ee) and one hypostome (high-post-ohm). The chelicerae cuts through the skin and the hypostome functions like a barbed needle, making the tick difficult to remove. Hard ticks also have a tough shell on their backs, called a scutum (scoot-uhm).

Ticks at all life stages can live on dogs. Larvae, nymphs, and adults feed on their blood and transmit disease.

“Tick-borne diseases are the number one vector-borne diseases in the United States,” says Dr. Lee Ann Lyons, a veterinary pathobiologist and graduate research assistant at the University of Illinois. “Often, ticks are so small that most people don’t even realize they’re there—and that’s what makes them dangerous. By the time you realize a tick is there, it’s already been feeding for several days.”

What Dog Tick Diseases Should You Be Worried About?

More than just a nuisance to remove, ticks have the potential to pass on several diseases. Infected ticks transmit these conditions to your dog through their bites. If left untreated, many tick-borne illnesses can have serious consequences for your dog.

Treatment can range from a course of antibiotics for less worrisome cases to hospitalization, blood transfusions, and ongoing treatments for more intense cases. Keep extensive and costly treatments at bay with a pet health insurance plan. The folks at Animalia offer a variety of plans to meet every budget and need when life happens.

The distribution of disease-carrying ticks varies geographically and by time of year. However, you will find ticks virtually in any part of the United States.

Which dog tick diseases should you be most worried about? Here are the most common and troublesome:

Lyme Disease

Caused by the Borrelia bacteria, Lyme disease are transmitted to dogs by the Ixodes tick—also known as the black-legged tick or deer tick. Some dogs will never show symptoms, while others will experience joint pain, lameness, fever, and more. If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to serious kidney problems.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

This is disease is a bacterial infection caused by the American dog tick, Rocky Mountain wood tick, and Lone Star tick. Its symptoms are highly variable, making it difficult to diagnose. Catching and treating the disease early is key to a good prognosis, as is keeping your dog on a tick preventative year-round.

Anaplasmosis

This condition happens when dogs are exposed to the tick-borne bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Many dogs remain completely healthy, with no signs of disease. However, when clinical signs do occur, they are typically seen one to two weeks after exposure. These dogs develop a flu-like illness, which is sometimes referred to as dog tick fever or dog fever.

Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial infection that is transmitted typically by the Brown Dog Tick. Within 1-3 weeks of a bite, your dog may show symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and trouble breathing. Getting your dog on antibiotics as soon as possible after detection is key to a speedy recovery.

Harmful Ticks: How to Recognize Them on Dogs

Before a tick attaches, its movements often gives it away. If you see a small, brownish arachnid moving on your dog, pluck it off with gloves or a tissue if possible and kill it by putting it in a jar of rubbing alcohol.

Once a tick embeds itself into a dog’s skin, it might look like a raised mole or dark skin tag. Since it can be hard to distinguish from a small bump, you’ll have to look very closely for telltale signs it’s a tick such as the hard, oval body and eight legs.

The head of the tick is the only part of the parasite that goes into your dog’s body. So if you see a bump that appears to be under the skin, it’s unlikely to be a tick. If, however, you see something that appears to be sticking out of your dog’s skin, it may be a tick. Grab a small magnifying glass to take a closer look.

There are several species of ticks that can transmit pathogens to dogs and identifying what they look like and their characteristics can help your veterinarian diagnose and treat diseases if symptoms become present.

American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis)

These ticks have flat, oval-shaped bodies. Females have white-to off-white markings on their upper backs while males have a mottled brown and white pattern across their backs.

The American dog tick lives east of the Rocky Mountains and in a growing number of areas along the Pacific Coast. Research shows that this tick species prefer attaching around the head, ears and neck of dogs (2). As larvae and nymphs, the American dog tick tends to stick to smaller animals like mice but adult ticks prefer dogs.

“At each one of these life stages, there’s the risk that whatever animals it’s feeding on has one of these pathogens and the tick will ingest it and transmit it to its next host through the bacteria in its saliva,” Lyons says.

Black-Legged Tick (Ixodes species)

Named for its black legs, black-legged female ticks have flat, oval-shaped orange bodies with a large brown dot on their backs. The males are also flat and oval-shaped but have brown bodies with an off-white border. The Western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) also has black legs. The scutum on males consists of dark brown and rust-colored markings and an orange border surrounding their oval bodies; females have a rust-colored scutum with a dark brown marking on their upper back.

The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and Western black-legged tick are both carriers of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. Adult females of both species have black legs, head, and scutum. They also have a reddish-colored abdomen.

These ticks, also known as deer ticks, attach around the head, ears, and neck (and sometimes on the back) of dogs. The black-legged tick lives throughout the Northeast and upper Midwest while the Western black-legged tick has a range that includes Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington. Both prefer high brush and open grasslands.

Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)

Named for its brown color, this species can complete its entire life cycle indoors or outdoors. Therefore, you can find them in homes, dog shelters, groomers, and boarding facilities, as well as grasslands. The males and females look similar. Both have flat, oval-shaped brown bodies but the male is darker in color than the female.

The Brown Dog Tick is the primary species that transmits Rocky Mountain spotted fever. While it will attach almost anywhere on a dog, Dr. Kathryn Duncan, a resident in veterinary parasitology at Oklahoma State University, notes that people most often find the Brown Dog Tick around a dog’s head, ears, legs and between the toes.

Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum)

The female Lone Star Tick has a white dot on her back that looks like a drip of paint. Males have dark brown and rust-colored marking (but no white dots). Their bodies are slightly more rounded than other tick species.

These ticks live throughout the Southeast, including parts of Texas. However, Duncan notes that their geographic distribution is spreading fast, adding, “It’s up into the Northeast now and making its way into the Midwest.” You’ll find these ticks hiding in fields and other brushy areas.

On dogs, the Lone Star Tick embeds itself around the head and neck, belly, armpits and groin. It can transmit illnesses like ehrlichiosis and Heartland virus disease, an illness that causes fever, fatigue, headache, nausea and diarrhea.

“It’s a hunter tick,” Duncan explains. “It detects our presence by carbon dioxide emissions and shadows and will pursue your pet…hunting them down.”

How to Find Ticks on Your Dog

Figuring out what ticks look like on dogs begins with regular (daily) tick checks.

You should check your dog for ticks after hikes, trips to the dog park, and playtime in the backyard. Breitschwerdt advises moving from head to tail, running your hands all over with gentle pressure to feel for small bumps. Look under the collar, between the toes and around the tail, moving the hair aside and looking at the skin to see if ticks have attached. Ticks on dog ears are also common, so make sure to check there as well.

“Dogs with long, or dark fur are more challenging to check,” adds Lyons. “You’ll have to be more thorough.”

Using a flea comb can help. The small tines will “catch” on ticks, but combs should never replace a thorough tactile exploration with your fingers. Lyons notes that regular checks can help you find ticks before they attach, reducing the risk that they’ll spread disease.

How to Remove a Tick From Your Dog

If you find a tick on your dog, don’t panic.

The overall likelihood of disease transmission is low. However, the longer the tick stays attached, the higher the risk, according to Lyons.

To remove an attached tick, use a pair of tweezers or a tick-removal tool. Grab the tick as close to your pet’s skin as possible and pull straight up from the body surface, being careful not to pull any fur at the same time. You might notice a welt in the spot where you removed the tick, especially if the mouthparts weren’t fully removed.

“If the mouthparts do stay in, you might have to go to the veterinarian because they have better tools to get those out,” Duncan says. “Sometimes the skin will just close over the remaining mouthpart but it could get infected to the point where you would need more advanced wound care or antibiotics. So, if you can’t get it all out, it is important to watch the area or call your veterinarian for advice.”

Once you remove the tick, save it. Breitschwerdt suggests putting the tick in a plastic bag labeled with the date and storing it in the refrigerator. If your dog starts exhibiting any symptoms such as loss of appetite, lameness, lack of energy, fever, nausea, vomiting and arthritis-like stiffness, your vet can get important information about the species and what diseases it might have transmitted.

“If you’ve ever found a tick on your pet, the biggest takeaway is that your animal has just proven to you that they must be on a regular tick control product,” Duncan says. “Many think the tick season is restricted to the summer months, but Ixodes species [like the black-legged tick] prefer the cooler months of the year and can be found across most of the United States.”

Talk to your veterinarian about which year-round tick prevention is best for your dog and your family’s lifestyle.

The post What Do Ticks Look Like on Dogs? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

In March, Smith started offering free boarding to the pets of healthcare workers and first responders. He has 60 spaces available in the luxury boarding facility and invited essential workers to drop off their dogs and cats for expert care while they focus on caring for others. 

“We knew that healthcare workers and first responders were working long hours, sometimes sleeping at work,” says Smith. “It causes a lot of extra stress to know that your dog is at home, alone, and we wanted to help.” 

Family Vet cares for healthcare workers’ dogs

Barks and Rec, a boarding facility in Columbus, Ohio, also started offering free boarding and doggie daycare to hospital workers and first responders.

This is hopeful news. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, nonprofits, veterinary clinics, pet food companies, pet stores, and generous individuals have stepped up to help. 

Filling a Pet-Food Need

Pet food donations from the Pittsylvania Pet Center

Although there is no evidence that pets can transmit the virus to humans, COVID-19 is affecting them too. 

Job losses have made it more difficult for pet owners to afford food and vet care (and triggered worries about an increase in the number of dogs and cats being surrendered to shelters). Pet parents who become ill may have difficulty caring for their pets. And essential workers are logging extra hours, leaving their pets alone for long periods. Several shelters have also closed, leaving some adoptable pets with nowhere to go. 

James McLaughlin, director of the Pittsylvania Pet Center, recognized that many local families were facing economic hardship as a result of the pandemic. He opened a pet food pantry in the hopes it would reduce the number of animals surrendered to the shelter. On opening day, the county shelter in Chatham, Virginia, distributed 600 pounds of pet food in three hours. The shelter has received donations from individuals and nonprofits to help keep up with demand.

“The need is tremendous and it’s going to get worse before it gets better,” McLaughlin says. “If there is something we can do to help keep pets in their homes, we want to help.”

Nationwide, shelters have received an increased number of requests for free pet food from pet owners affected by the pandemic. 

The San Diego Humane Society pledged to distribute more than 70,000 pounds of pet food and supplies, including cat litter and pet beds, to income-qualified families. In Louisville, Kentucky, the Kentucky Humane Society launched a COVID-19 Pet Food Bank to provide free pet food that is stocked thanks to donations from pet food brands and Amazon Wish List donations. 

Holi Chow, manufacturers of custom dog food, also recognized the need to support pets affected by COVID-19 and donated 8,000 pounds of dog food to shelters and rescues in New York and New Jersey.  

“As terrible as this time is for everyone, for a direct-to-consumer pet food brand, our business is seeing growth as more customers turn to ecommerce,” says David Kovacs, founder and CEO. “This was our way to help.” 

Free and Low-Cost Veterinary Services

Peter Chun, CEO of Veterinary Care Group, wanted to make sure that those hardest hit by the economic impacts of COVID-19 were not skimping on veterinary care during the pandemic.  

“I heard about all of the layoffs and furloughs in the restaurant and hospitality industry and wanted to give back,” Chun says.

Veterinary Care Group started offering free wellness exams at all 12 of its New York locations to those who lost their jobs as a result of the pandemic. Recently, a laid off restaurant employee brought his sick dog to the clinic and had tears in his eyes when the staff told him there was no charge for the visit. 

Rescues and Fosters Adapt to Place Pets in Need

The pandemic has also forced many shelters to close their doors to the public, making standard pet adoption protocols difficult.  

In response, shelters have worked quickly to reinvent their foster and adoption programs and many have gotten creative in finding ways to do these lifesaving functions virtually, says Barbara Williamson, media relations manager for Best Friends Animal Society, the largest no-kill animal rescue in the nation. 

Williamson points to virtual adoption fairs, name-your-price adoption events, and drive-through foster pickups that have helped get adoptable pets out of shelters and into forever homes. She hopes it’s part of a long-term trend of efforts that will ensure pets find (and remain in) loving homes. 

“In times of crisis, people look for comfort and ways to help,” she says. “Our next steps are to find out how we can hold onto that positive energy and keep people engaged long-term.”

The post How the Pet Industry is Helping During the COVID-19 Pandemic appeared first on Great Pet Care.

The panic was related to an article published in the Journal of the Veterinary Medical Association that expressed concern over a possible connection between grain-free diets and DCM.

“The [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] was clear—there was no need to switch foods,” says Alison Schwartz, general manager of All Pets Considered in Greensboro, North Carolina. “But there was so much initial panic that people immediately took their pets off of grain-free foods. It had a big impact on sales.”

What is DCM?

Dilated cardiomyopathy affects the heart muscle in dogs, stretching it out and making it harder for the heart to pump and contract. It can lead to blood backing up in the heart or fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Dogs with DCM might experience symptoms like weakness, lethargy, weight loss, coughing, increased heart rate and collapse. The disease can be fatal.

Although DCM can be diagnosed in all dogs, certain breeds have higher rates of the cardiac disease. These breeds include:

• Golden Retrievers
• Great Danes
• Pit Bulls
• German Shepherds
• Doberman Pinschers

The cause of DCM in dogs is often unknown but diet could be a factor, according to Dr. Angela Rollins, a veterinary nutritionist and clinical associate professor at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine.

“We know that DCM can be related to some kind of dietary deficiency,” says Rollins, who notes that some dogs will improve with a dietary change.

But she’s careful not to single out grain-free food as a cause of DCM at this time, since more research is required. “You can’t make any real conclusions from [the information] we have at this point,” says Rollins. “It’s all speculation.”

DCM and Dog Food: The FDA’s Investigation

The FDA received 515 reports about dogs diagnosed with DCM between 2014 and 2019. In 2018 alone, 320 cases were reported, including some cases involving multiple pets from the same household.

While the FDA’s report explains that DCM is not uncommon in dogs, researchers found some of the cases to be worrisome. The report states: “DCM itself is not considered rare in dogs, but these reports are unusual because many of the reported cases occurred in breeds of dogs not typically genetically predisposed to the disease.”

The case reports also included information about the pet food brands being fed to dogs diagnosed with DCM. More than 90 percent of foods named in DCM reports submitted to the FDA were labeled grain-free and contained high percentages of ingredients like peas, lentils, and sweet potatoes.

Since its initial report, the FDA has conducted product testing on grain-free dog food brands listed in the reports and compared the results to other dog foods containing grains. They compared the minerals, amino acids, and nutritional contents, including protein, fat, fiber, and starch. Initial results showed both kinds of food—grain-free and foods with grain—had similar nutritional contents.

In June 2019, the FDA released an update, which concluded: “The FDA is continuing to investigate and gather more information in an effort to identify whether there is a specific dietary link to development of DCM and will provide updates to the public as information develops.”

In September 2020, the FDA participated in the Scientific Forum Exploring Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs, along with veterinarians from a number of institutions. At this forum, representatives from the FDA noted that many dogs experiencing resolution of their DCM did so in response to a diet change, but additional research is necessary and ongoing.

An August 2021 investigation of diets associated with DCM in dogs found that peas had the most significant link to compounds that could be tied to the disease.

In December of 2022, the FDA announced that they would not be releasing any further updates on this topic unless new information was received. They concluded the reported cases “do not supply sufficient data to establish a causal relationship with reported product(s)” and there may be multiple factors involved in these cases of DCM.

Is Grain-Free Dog Food Linked to DCM?

Since the news broke, pet owners have been asking whether there is a strong link between grain-free dog food and DCM.

“We don’t have very good research right now,” Rollins says. “We have reports and we have associations but…associations are not cause and effect.”

Researchers have been evaluating whether a lack of taurine, a known cause of DCM in cats, could be connected to DCM in dogs.

Taurine, a sulfonic amino acid used to make proteins, is high in animal-based proteins. Grain-free diets often prioritize protein-rich legumes like peas and lentils over animal proteins. The ingredient mix might provide sufficient protein for dogs but legumes are also high in fiber, which could interfere with taurine reabsorption, Rollins explains.

“In cats, we know that DCM is related to taurine [deficiency] and I think that’s why we jump on that with dogs, thinking, ‘Oh, it’s taurine.’ Because, with cats, we know taurine is a big part of it and we just haven’t established it yet in dogs,” she adds.

As part of its investigation, the FDA reviewed medical records and conducted interviews about diet and environmental exposures and tested the taurine levels of dogs diagnosed with DCM. However, the FDA’s data was inconclusive and didn’t show a direct correlation between low taurine levels and DCM in dogs.

“It’s all speculation [and] the fact that we don’t know is the frustrating part,” Rollins says.

Should I Switch My Dog’s Diet?

If your dog is currently on a grain-free diet and appears to be healthy, the FDA does not recommend switching dog food at this time.

The Pet Food Institute (PFI) declined to be interviewed for this article. However, in a statement, President and CEO Dana Brooks said: “The FDA has neither recalled any pet food products nor recommended a change in diet for healthy dogs. The agency has stated—and PFI agrees—that this is a complex issue with many components requiring scientific evaluation. Tens of millions of dogs enjoy grain-free diets in the United States and the approximately 500 submitted DCM reports (as of July 31, 2019) suggest that, if diet is a factor, there may be a combination of other elements involved, such as dog physiology and genetics.”

However some pet owners have already shifted away from grain-free foods, which is negatively affecting pet store owners and manufacturers of grain-free food.

Nielsen data showed that sales of grain-free pet foods declined 1.3 percent after the FDA announced its investigation (in stark contrast to the previous year, when sales of grain-free foods were up 9.2 percent) and the 16 brands the FDA named saw their sales decrease 13.3 percent (1).

But while the FDA investigation is ongoing, spokesperson Anne Norris in the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine says that the agency is currently not recommending that pet owners switch from grain-free diets at this time—as long as their dogs remain healthy and their veterinarians have no concerns.

“The most important thing pet owners need to know is that different dogs have different nutritional needs based on a number of factors, so nutrition advice is not one-size-fits-all,” Norris says. “FDA is not advising dietary changes based solely on the information we have gathered so far.”

Some veterinarians are recommending that pet owners should consider a dietary change until there is a better understanding of what is causing DCM in dogs as it relates to food and nutrition. This is especially true in cases where a dog has a genetic predisposition for the disease.

Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the right diet for your dog, Rollins says.

Questions to Ask Your Veterinarian About DCM

DCM is one of the most commonly acquired heart diseases in dogs, according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

If you are concerned that your dog might be at risk (or have the disease), make an appointment with your veterinarian to learn about the symptoms or make an appointment for screening.

Here are some questions about DCM to ask your veterinarian:

• Is my dog at risk for DCM?
• Are there symptoms of DCM I should watch for?
• How is the disease diagnosed?
• What treatment options are available?
• What is the prognosis for a dog diagnosed with DCM?

Resources for Pet Parents

For more information about DCM and the FDA’s research into grain-free diets, you can review the list of frequently asked questions on the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine’s website.

The post DCM and Dog Food: What You Should Know appeared first on Great Pet Care.

While dogs in those rescue photos and videos do seem sad and seeing them – cowering, tails tucked and heads down—might make you want to burst into tears, dogs do not shed emotional tears, according to Dr. Fiona Lee, veterinarian with Habitat Veterinary Hospital in Boise, Idaho.

“Dogs do not shed tears as a clinical sign of feeling sad,” Lee says.

Do Dogs Cry Tears?

Dogs have lacrimal glands, the glands in the eyes responsible for tear production, and they do produce tears. But epiphora—the medical term for tears or excessive eye watering—is often a symptom of a medical issue, not emotion, says Lee. 

A dog’s eyes may water (giving them the appearance of crying) due to decreased drainage through the tear ducts. Inflammation or pain can also trigger an increased production of tears. In other words, tears are a natural response to illness or injuries.

“Tears are the body’s natural way of cleaning the eye,” explains Lee. “Extra tears can ‘wash’ the eye free of debris, pollen, dust, and other irritants.”

Your veterinarian will take a closer look at your dog’s eyes to determine what might be causing them to water. In general, excessive tearing in only one eye could be a result of a blocked tear duct, an injury, or an irritant like dust or dirt while tearing in both eyes is often a sign of a systemic issue like an infection or allergies to pollen, dust mites or certain foods, according to Dr. Jerry Klein, chief veterinary officer for the American Kennel Club.  

The facial anatomies of Pugs, Boxers, Bulldogs and other short-nosed breeds might also make these dogs appear to “cry” more often. Many of these dogs have bulbous eyes with narrowed tear ducts and increased contact with the air—meaning they’re more irritated, and simultaneously less able to drain normally. Diseases like glaucoma or physical abnormalities such as inverted eyelids (entropion) or extra eyelash hairs (distichiasis) could also bring tears to your dog’s eyes. 

In addition to tear production, your dog might give you other clues that there is a medical issue, including excessive blinking, keeping eyes closed, yellow or green discharge, or pawing at their eye.  

“Any problem that is apparent with a dog’s eye deserves to be seen by a veterinarian,” says Klein.

Excessive tear production can also cause tear stains. The dark reddish-brown stains are more noticeable on dogs with lighter-colored fur and can often be removed with a combination of warm water and a saline solution. 

Do Dogs Cry When They Are Sad?

Since dogs do not produce tears as a sign of emotion, how do dogs cry for help? You need to rely on other cues to determine whether your dog is sad. 

“What we know about canine emotions are limited because [our dogs] can’t talk to us,” Lee says. “But, absolutely, dogs are capable of feeling happy and sad and scared and hurt; usually these feelings will manifest in more subtle ways.”

What Do Dogs Do When They Are Sad?

Decreased appetite, whining and whimpering, decreased energy levels, and lack of interest in toys and other favorite things are allpossible signs that your dog is feeling sad.. But Dr. Bonnie Beaver, veterinary behaviorist and professor at Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine warns that even these behavior changes may not be signs of sadness.

The problem is just as likely to be a physical issue as an emotional one, Beaver adds. A dog with an upset stomach or injured paw might exhibit similar symptoms to a dog that has an emotional response to a change in schedule or a new addition to the family.  

If all possible medical causes are ruled out and dog depression is thought to be the cause of the behavior change, Beaver says your veterinarian may prescribe antidepressants. You can also try to boost their mood by taking them on a walk or a trip to the dog park, engaging in positive interactions like petting and games, and offering their favorite foods. 

Even though dogs don’t physically cry or release tears when they are sad, we know that they do feel sadness, so remember to talk to your veterinarian if you notice behavior changes.

“Changes in behavior might be a sign that something in their world is not right,” Beaver says. 

The post Can Dogs Cry? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has made national and international headlines. Millions of cases of the virus, which causes flu-like symptoms, including fever, cough and shortness of breath, have been confirmed since the disease was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, with numbers and death tolls continuing to escalate. 

In March of 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the virus a pandemic. As of early November 2021, the virus had claimed the lives of over 5 million people.

Can Pets Contract COVID-19?

As organizations like the WHO and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) work to understand the virus and control the spread, questions are popping up about whether we should also be concerned about COVID-19 and our pets.

“There is no evidence that transmission [from pets to people] or from pet-to-pet is part of the current outbreak,” says Dr. Kate E Creevy, veterinarian and Mark Chapman Chair in Shelter Medicine and Companion Animal Health at Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine.

There have been a limited number of reports of pets testing positive for the coronavirus worldwide. Leading health authorities and veterinarians with IDEXX Laboratories, a global veterinary diagnostics firm, agree that the virus is primarily transmitted from person-to-person and advise against testing asymptomatic pets. (See their FAQ here.)

Two cats in New York State became the first pets in the U.S. to test positive for the virus. The cats live in separate parts of the state and may have contracted the virus from their owners or outside influences—at least one of the cats spends time outdoors. Though the felines showed mild signs of respiratory illness, both cats are expected to make a full recovery.

A pug in North Carolina is thought to be the first dog to test positive for the virus. The dog was living with a a family that contracted COVID-19, and was tested for the virus as part of a Duke University Study. The family told CNN that the dog had a slight cough for a day or two and was disinterested in food, but explained that the symptoms were not alarming. Researchers do not know whether COVID-19 caused the dog’s symptoms.

A cat in Belgium also tested positive for COVID-19, about a week after its owner started showing symptoms of the virus. The cat did display symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and shortness of breath, but it is unconfirmed whether the virus caused these symptoms.

A Pomeranian in Hong Kong tested “weak positive” for the virus. The owner was diagnosed with COVID-19 and is believed to have passed it along to the dog. The dog exhibited no signs of illness. The Pomeranian died shortly after being released from quarantine, but experts do not believe the coronavirus had any impact on the death of the 17-year-old dog, who had underlying health conditions and outlived the average life expectancy of a Pomeranian.

The South China Post also confirmed that a second dog, a 2-year-old German Shepherd, tested positive for the virus in Hong Kong. The dog belongs to a 30-year-old COVID-19 patient living in the Pok Fu Lam area. The German Shepherd has since been quarantined. Another mixed breed dog from the same household tested negative for the virus, and is also being monitored in quarantine. Neither dog showed signs of illness.

These are isolated cases of human to animal transmission, which does not appear to be common. Health authorities still say there is no evidence that pets can transmit the virus to humans.

Understanding Coronavirus in Pets

In addition to the threats posed by COVID-19, dogs and cats can be diagnosed with other coronaviruses.

Coronavirus is part of a family of viruses that can cause intestinal and respiratory infections, including canine respiratory disease (also known as kennel cough) and often goes hand-in-hand with other viruses, including distemper, Bordetella, and influenza.

Creevy notes that coronavirus symptoms in pets often include mild diarrhea that gets better on its own. Some animals might not show signs of illness at all. 

In cats, it can lead to a more aggressive and deadly form of the virus, known as Feline Infectious Peritonitis or FIP, which includes symptoms ranging from fever and weight loss to liver disease. Less than 1 percent of cats infected with the feline coronavirus develop FIP.

To prevent the spread of a common coronavirus infection pet parents should:

• Vaccinate against preventable infections such as distemper, Bordetella and influenza
• Protect pets from parasites like heartworms and fleas
• Limit contact with ill dogs and cats 

Your veterinarian can recommend appropriate vaccinations for your pet.

“There is a vaccine for common intestinal coronavirus, but it’s seldom recommended [because] the illness is so mild—or undetectable—in most dogs and cats,” Creevy says. “It’s been hard to prove that the vaccine is beneficial.”  

COVID-19: Still Potentially Dangerous for Pets

Although pets cannot pass on the new coronavirus to their owners, rampant misinformation about the spread of the virus has led to a dire situation for dogs and cats in China.  

Fears that pets can spread the coronavirus has led to demands that residents get rid of their pets and threats of mass euthanasia, according to an article in the Daily Mail. Humane Society International published photos of 11 abandoned puppies left without food, water, or shelter amid reports that coronavirus in dogs could be a problem. Rescue groups saved the puppies.

In China, pets are at risk for another reason. NBC News reported that the coronavirus outbreak led residents to flee the city of Wuhan, leaving their pets behind. The city has been on lockdown since January 23 in hopes of preventing the spread of the virus, which means left-behind pets have been on their own without food or water for weeks. 

Although there is no evidence that animal-to-human transmission of COVID-19 is possible, the Associated Press cited a source from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department in Hong Kong who said, “…Under no circumstances should [pet owners] abandon their pets.”

Local rescue groups estimate there could be up to 30,000 animals in the city with no one to care for them. Shelter volunteers are working to save as many companion animals as possible, according to the article.

Can Face Masks for Dogs Really Help?

Pet owners concerned about protecting their pets from the Wuhan coronavirus have been purchasing face masks for their dogs. One manufacturer told USA TODAY that sales of the masks have spiked up to 400 percent since the outbreak. 

Michael San Filippo, a spokesperson for the American Veterinary Medical Association suggests holding off on purchasing protective gear for dogs and cats. “The effectiveness of face masks for healthy people is a bit unclear and it’s even less clear for dogs,” he says. “At this time, there’s no reason to believe face masks are necessary for dogs.”

Precautions for Pet Owners 

Although pets are unlikely to transmit COVID-19 to their owners, they can be infected with the virus. Therefore, Creevy recommends caution and suggests the following advice:

• Keep pets well-fed and vaccinated to bolster their immune systems
• Wash your hands after contact with animals
• Avoid interacting with ill animals 
• Steer clear of areas that have feces from other animals 

“Dealing with emerging viruses is always difficult, because when a new virus emerges, we cannot predict its behavior,” she says. “It’s ok to pay attention to emerging news but it’s even more important for pet owners to understand the things that we already know [about] the common coronavirus in pets.”  

Additionally, if you or anyone in your home is infected with COVID-19, you should limit your contact with your pets, to avoid spreading the disease to them. If possible, have an uninfected member of your family feed and care for your pet while you are ill. (See CDC information on COVID-19 and Pets here.)

COVID-19 and Pet Preparedness

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to quarantines and closures that could make it harder to get pet supplies. Dr. Dana Varble, chief veterinary officer for the North American Veterinary Community (NAVC), recommends preparing by keeping a supply of food, treats, medications, and other essentials on hand as part of your emergency preparedness efforts.

“We often take for granted that we can just run to the store but that might not be possible,” Varble says.

You should make a plan that includes directives for your pet’s care if you get sick or need hospitalization. Varble advises double checking that pets are up to date on all of their vaccines in case boarding is required.

“There is no reason to panic, you just want to be prepared and your pets should always be included in your emergency preparedness planning,” she says.

Advice for Keeping Pets Enriched at Home

During this time of uncertainty, many pet parents will be spending more time at home with their dogs and cats. And it’s important to keep pets enriched, entertained, and busy if regular outings or playdates are postponed.

“Try to get them exercise 2-3 times per day if possible,” says Wallace. “Use your extra time together to teach your pets some new tricks. If you have a backyard your dog can play in, use it.”

See Also: The Best Pet Toys for At-Home Play

Don’t let fears you may be feeling prevent you from spending quality time with your four-legged companion.

“Your pet likely senses your stress about the pandemic and will in turn feel stressed,” says Wallace. “Exercise, food, some kind of regularity in their daily schedule, exercise and the love of their human should help reduce their anxiety—and yours too.”

Infographic: The Coronavirus and Pets

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The post COVID-19: Is Your Pet at Risk From the Coronavirus? appeared first on Great Pet Care.