That’s great news for dog lovers — more time to spend with our favorite canines. However, it does raise important questions about how to keep senior dogs healthy so they can enjoy their longer lives. And questions about senior dog nutrition are often at the top of the list.

Senior Dog Nutrition: Why It’s Important

As dogs age, it’s normal for their bodies to undergo a variety of changes. These can range from gradual changes in appearance and mobility to developing certain age-related health conditions or diseases, like dental disease and arthritis.

However, just because these changes are typical in senior dogs doesn’t always mean that there’s nothing you can do about it. In many cases, nutrition plays a key role in addressing your aging canine’s changing needs. Sometimes, it can even help treat or prevent certain health issues common in senior dogs.

This is why it’s so important to re-evaluate your senior dog’s diet as they start getting up in years. However, knowing when and how to change your dog’s diet isn’t always obvious.

Should You Change Your Senior Dog’s Diet?

Does your dog still act like a puppy at heart? Is their muzzle looking a lot whiter than it used to? Unfortunately, if you’re looking for a sure sign that your dog is ready for a senior diet, casual observations won’t cut it. Just like humans, some dogs look and act older or younger than their years.

Even going by your pup’s exact age may be somewhat confusing. While most dogs are considered senior after the age of 7, smaller breed dogs may not show signs of aging until they are 8-10 years old. And large or giant breed dogs may start to show signs as early as 5 years old.

All dogs can age differently, even dogs of the same breed. That’s why it’s best to talk to your veterinarian about your pup’s changing nutritional needs and whether it’s time to consider switching to a senior dog food. 

Depending on your dog’s overall health, your veterinarian might tell you to stick with the food you’ve been feeding your pet for years…no matter how many birthdays your dog has racked up. 

“There is no true reason to feed a senior diet to our aging dog unless there are noted problems, such as lean body wasting, arthritis or obesity,” says veterinarian Dr. Joseph J. Wakshlag, DVM, PhD.  

“These conditions all require different approaches to nutrition,” Wakshlag adds. “There is no one-size-fits-all for senior dogs, making this something to discuss with your veterinarian. It can be complex.”

Talking to Your Vet About Senior Dog Nutrition

Though the topic of nutrition for aging dogs can feel overwhelming, talking with your veterinarian about it can make it a lot easier. 

In most cases, your veterinarian will suggest a change to your senior dog’s diet during a regular checkup, if they determine it’s time. That decision is based on a variety of factors, including your dog’s age, overall health, and any diagnosed conditions. 

But there’s no need to wait for your vet to start the conversation. Certain changes in the health or behavior of an aging dog could signal it’s time to consider a senior diet. These include:

• Changes in appetite
• Loss of muscle mass
• Weight fluctuations
• Dry, dull skin and coat
• Stool changes, such as diarrhea or constipation
• Reduced mobility

These could also be signs of other health concerning age-related health conditions. If you notice any of these signs, contact your veterinarian to determine the cause and ask whether a change in nutrition could be in order.

What to Feed Your Senior Dog

When a veterinarian agrees that it’s time for a dog to switch to a senior diet, some well-intentioned pet parents may think any diet labeled “senior dog food” will do. However, this is primarily a marketing term that doesn’t consider a dog’s individual nutritional needs. 

The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), which sets nutritional standards for all pet foods, does not provide a different set of nutritional standards for senior dogs. So any adult dog food could be labeled “senior dog food” with no indication of how it’s different or better for elderly canines.

It’s always a good idea to consult your veterinarian before switching dog foods, but it’s especially important when it comes to choosing a diet for your aging dog. A veterinarian can point you in the right direction, based on what nutrition will best address your senior dog’s specific health conditions or concerns.

Depending on your dog’s overall health and needs, here’s what your veterinarian might recommend.

Prescription Diets

If your senior dog has been diagnosed with certain conditions, your veterinarian may recommend a prescription diet. Also called therapeutic diets, these specialized formulas are carefully calibrated to address the unique dietary needs associated with certain health issues and diseases. 

For example, dogs with renal disease require a diet that has limited phosphorus, protein, and sodium. Dogs with arthritis can benefit from a diet fortified with added omega-3 fatty acids and glucosamine. 

Prescription diets may be an essential part of a larger treatment plan, or they may simply help manage certain symptoms. For example, a senior dog on a prescription diet for arthritis might not have to rely as heavily on NSAID medications to manage pain, which could reduce the risk of liver and kidney damage.

Prescription diets require authorization from your veterinarian before you can purchase them. 

Commercial Diets

If your veterinarian does not recommend a prescription diet, there are countless commercial dog food options to consider for your senior dog. So many, it might feel overwhelming. 

To help narrow down your choices, it’s worth asking your veterinarian whether there are certain things you should look for in dog food to ensure it fits any existing health or nutritional needs your dog may have. For example:

• Reduced calorie formulas help combat obesity or compensate for decreased activity levels and slower metabolism in older dogs.
• Protein-rich formulas promote healthy muscles and help elderly dogs maintain mobility.
• High-fiber formulas can help alleviate age-related gastrointestinal issues, such as constipation and diarrhea.
• Highly palatable formulas made with higher fat content may help encourage senior dogs who are sick or have reduced appetite to stay well-nourished and strong. 
• Wet or moist formulas that contain more water can help older dogs stay hydrated, they may also be more enticing to dogs with reduced appetite and easier for dogs with dental disease to chew. 

In addition to addressing your older dog’s unique health needs, all senior dog nutrition diets should:

• Meet AAFCO nutrient profile standards for all life stages or adult dog maintenance. This ensures the diet provides the complete and balanced nutrition adult (and senior) dogs need to thrive. 
• Feature quality ingredients rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, and nutrients over inexpensive fillers designed to add calories and bulk.

Supplements

In some cases, your veterinarian may also recommend adding a supplement to your senior dog’s regimen. Nutritional supplements are designed to provide additional nutritional support above and beyond a dog’s existing diet. 

For dogs in good health who eat a complete and balanced diet, supplements are not a necessity. However, supplements can play an important role in helping address some senior dog nutrition needs. 

Two in particular vets often recommend for senior dogs are: 

• Glucosamine supplements help fortify cartilage, the spongy material that acts as a cushion between healthy joints. As pets age, they produce less glucosamine, which can cause cartilage to break down. Glucosamine supplements can help prevent or slow that breakdown and reduce the risk of joint pain, inflammation, and arthritis.
• Omega 3 supplements leverage the powers of omega 3 fatty acids or the “good fats” found in ingredients like fish oil and flax seeds. These help boost your aging dog’s immune system and reduce inflammation, so they’re good for achy joints. They also promote healthy skin and coat, plus brain, heart, and cardiac function.

All supplements have the potential for side effects and possible interactions with medications. So be sure to work with your veterinarian to determine which supplements might benefit your senior dog and how much they need before adding supplements to your dog’s diet.

Questions to Ask About Senior Dog Nutrition

Remember, determining your senior dog’s nutritional needs and ideal diet may not be a one-time conversation. As your dog ages, you will likely need to discuss the topic regularly with your veterinarian to ensure you are feeding your elderly dog what they need to thrive.

Here are some additional questions you can ask to stay on the right track:

What Is My Dog’s Ideal Weight?

Maintaining a healthy weight is especially important in your dog’s golden years, as it can reduce the risk of certain age-related conditions, such as diabetes, and alleviate joint pain associated with arthritis. 

Talk to your veterinarian to determine your dog’s ideal weight, as well as the amount of calories they should consume daily to achieve it or maintain it. This may change throughout your dog’s senior years, as metabolism decreases with age. 

It’s a good idea to weigh your dog regularly to detect weight fluctuations before they lead to health issues. Consider signing up for a GreatPetCare account, to access helpful health management tools, including a handy pet weight tracker. 

Can Testing Show What Diet Could Benefit My Senior Dog?

Having your dog’s bloodwork evaluated yearly is critical for monitoring their health as they age. Changes in certain blood values can reveal underlying issues that can often be managed by changing diets. Issues such as kidney disease, diabetes, pancreatitis, and protein-losing enteropathy can all be managed with nutrition.

Certain minerals and electrolytes should be monitored as well. Potassium and phosphorous can be abnormal because of renal disease. These are treated and managed with nutritional intervention. Excess levels of calcium can even be secondary to certain cancers in pets and should be investigated. 

Senior Dog Nutrition: Other Tips and Advice

• When beginning your dog on a new food, it will likely take 4-5 days to completely transition them over to the new food. You’ll want to mix their new food in with their old, with the new being 20% of the meal the first day and slowly increase it to the full amount by day 4 or 5. 
• Free feeding, or leaving food out all day for your dog, is not a good idea. It’s difficult to know how much they are eating when this is done and often leads to overeating. It’s recommended to feed your dog twice daily. 
• Treats can be given to your dog as long as they make up no more than 10% of their daily calories. Treats such as green beans, carrots, and apples are ideal for any dog and don’t add much to the daily calories. 
• To encourage your senior dog to eat, try adding water to their kibble or warming it up. By warming it up, the smell is enhanced and can be detected by their diminished sense of smell. 

Whether your dog is approaching seniorhood or already well into their golden years, caring for them can be both challenging and rewarding. Work with your veterinarian to understand which diet is the best for your pet. With the proper guidance, choosing the right food to fulfill your dog’s changing nutritional needs can make their final years happy, healthy, and enjoyable for you both. 

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Whether you want to entice your picky pup to eat or ensure your senior dog gets an added boost of nutrition at mealtime, dog food toppers such as Wellness CORE Bowl Boosters can be the perfect solution. But what is a dog food topper? And how can pet parents help their dogs get the most out of these mouth-watering mix-ins? 

These days, in addition to the classic dog food question — “Wet or dry?” — many people are also wondering about meal toppers for dogs. “That’s because they’re a relatively new innovation in the pet food industry that has quickly gained popularity among pet parents,” explains Dr. Alex Schechter, DVM, founder of Burrwood Veterinary Hospital.

If you’re thinking of offering your dog a food topper, we’ve rounded up everything you need to know — including how to use them, how they can benefit your dog, and expert tips for incorporating yummy toppers into your dog’s diet. 

Dog Food Toppers 101

So what, exactly, are dog food toppers? 

“Dog food toppers refer to any addition to your dog’s regular, daily dog food,” explains veterinarian Dr. Michael Fleck, DVM, host of The Pet Buzz radio show. 

“Toppers can range from simply adding water to your dog’s food, to sophisticated quality combinations of high-level protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and essential fatty acids,” he adds.  

Toppers for dog food can be wet or dry, cooked or raw, homemade or commercially produced. Some common varieties include:

• Freshly frozen wet food
• Wet food in cans or pouches
• Liquid broths or gravies 
• Crunchy toppers 
• Freeze-dried toppers

For DIY dog parents, homemade dog food toppers could be as simple as mixing some unsalted bone broth into your dog’s kibble or topping their dinner with a sprinkle of blueberries. 

There’s also a wide range of commercial dog food toppers available to suit all kinds of preferences and palates. 

Some are strictly complementary foods you can serve in addition to your dog’s regular complete and balanced diet, like shelf-stable Wellness CORE Bowl Boosters. Others can be served as a topper or a complete meal, such as Wellness Bowl Boosters Freshly. 

Commercial dog food toppers offer busy pet parents quality and convenience without the hassle of homemade dog food toppers. Plus, they’re subject to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) nutrient profile and labeling standards. So it’s easy to know exactly what you’re getting, as well as whether the formula is nutritionally complete and balanced or meant for intermittent or supplemental feeding only. 

5 Reasons to Use a Dog Food Topper

If you’re already feeding your dog food that’s nutritionally “complete and balanced” according to AAFCO, you might wonder if you even need a topper.  

However, even dogs whose diet is complete and balanced don’t always look or feel their best. So here are five reasons to consider adding a dog food topper to your pup’s regular rotation. 

1. Provide additional nutrition

Quality nutrition is key to good health for all dogs. But that becomes especially important for dogs in poor health due to age or illness. Nutrient-packed dog food toppers offer pet parents an easy way to perk up kibble with a boost of flavor and nutrition. 

There are even formulas designed specifically to support immune health, which is essential for both continued well-being and prevention, especially as dogs age. 

2. Increase the palatability of your dog’s meals 

“Food toppers can be helpful for picky eaters or dogs with dietary restrictions,” says Schechter. “They not only add flavor and variety to a dog’s meal, but they can also help ensure all nutritional needs are met.”

For instance, if your picky dog tends to leave most of their dinner in the bowl, they may be missing out on key vitamins, minerals, nutrients, and calories to fuel their energy needs. Adding a wet topper that contains their favorite ingredients is like a nutritional insurance policy that entices your picky pet to gobble up every last bit of vital nourishment in their bowl.  

3. Help boost hydration 

Dehydration in dogs can happen for many reasons, ranging from gastrointestinal upset, disease, and heat stroke to simply not drinking enough water. While you always want to make sure your dog gets proper veterinary treatment for any illness, as long as your vet approves, dog food toppers can help dogs stay hydrated. 

If dehydration is a concern, look for toppers with a higher-than-average moisture content, like Wellness Bowl Boosters Simply Shreds, a protein-rich formula of meat and broth with a moisture content of 90 percent. 

4. Aid digestion 

“Dog toppers are a great way to support a healthy diet and good digestion in dogs,” says  Schechter. “They come in many options for different needs, like weight management, picky eaters, and sensitive stomachs,” he adds. Wellness even offers a Bowl Boosters formula that’s specifically designed to help support your dog’s digestive health with ingredients like probiotics and fiber-rich fruits and vegetables.  

5. Perk up your dog’s meals…safely 

It can be tempting to add some table scraps to your dog’s bowl, especially if they’re giving you those puppy dog eyes. But people food, especially foods prepared with oils or spices, can be hazardous to dogs. And some can be downright toxic. 

If you want to surprise your dog with some safe toppings for dog food but don’t want to risk gastrointestinal issues, then a commercially-available dog food topping may be your best bet. 

Additionally, according to the Wellness dog food brand, these five Signs of Wellbeing indicate good health in dogs:

• Healthy skin and coat 
• Optimal energy 
• Healthy digestion 
• Strong teeth and bones 
• Healthy immune system 

If you or your veterinarian are concerned your dog is lacking in any of these five areas, adding a dog food topper could provide a number of benefits, especially formulas designed specifically to target key issues, like skin and coat health. 

How to Use a Dog Food Topper: Expert Tips

Ready to add a topper to your dog’s diet? Check out our expert tips first, to make sure you’re on the right track. 

Schedule a veterinary exam

“If your dog suddenly becomes a picky eater, this may be a sign of dental problems, gastrointestinal issues, or illnesses and infections,” says Schechter. “Before including dog food toppers in the dog’s regular diet, your veterinarian should be consulted,” recommends Fleck. That way, your vet can evaluate whether an underlying medical condition could be contributing to any changes in your dog’s health, appetite, or appearance.   

Choose the best type of topper for your dog 

Homemade, freeze-dried, fresh, or canned? When it comes to what to add to your dog’s regular food, pet parents face no shortage of options! 

When choosing a commercial dog food topper, Fleck suggests spending some time trying out different flavors and styles to see what kind your dog likes best. 

If your dog loves the first topper you offer them, great! But it’s a good idea to allow them to try a few different options so you can see what they prefer. Some dogs love the added flavor of shredded meat toppers, while others might benefit from the addition of some healthy vegetables and extra nutrients.

Compare homemade vs commercial 

“Choosing between a homemade or commercial food topper for dogs depends on your preferences and your dog’s needs,” says Schechter. “Homemade toppers offer control over ingredients and can be tailored to your dog’s nutritional needs and taste. In contrast, commercial toppers provide a balanced and complete nutritional profile and often include beneficial supplements,” he adds. 

According to Fleck, “Veterinarians have been recommending homemade food toppers for dogs to help address pet health conditions since veterinary medicine began.” 

“However, homemade toppers generally require extensive effort,” he adds. So commercial dog food toppers that are convenient and readily available may be a better choice if it means you can sustain the benefits long-term. 

Introduce the topper gradually 

Just as with any new food, make sure to slowly introduce toppers into your dog’s diet.

 “A sudden change in diet can cause gastrointestinal problems, including vomiting and diarrhea,” says Schechter. 

Pay attention to feeding recommendations

It’s also worth noting that toppers should never be used as a substitute for regular dog food unless they meet AAFCO’s nutrient profile standards for dog food. In these cases, the label should provide feeding instructions that vary, depending on whether you intend to feed as a meal or a topper. 

If the topper is for intermittent or supplemental feeding only, don’t forget to take those extra calories into consideration. For overweight dogs, you may need to reduce the amount of kibble to account for the extra calories in toppers. 

So, if you’ve been wondering “What can I add to my dog’s food?” dog food toppers are a great solution. Toppers offer dogs a nutritional boost while safely adding new flavors and textures that transform meals from boring to brilliant. 

The author received compensation from Great Pet Care for their services in writing this article.

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Though most canines are more likely to salivate over a juicy, protein-packed steak than a tray of crudites, all dogs are omnivorous, meaning they can eat both meat and plants. And, in fact, a meat-only diet would end up doing more harm to your dog’s health than good. 

But does that mean you should be supplementing your pup’s daily diet with carrots? Let’s find out what the experts have to say about canines and carrots!

Can Dogs Eat Carrots?

Yes, dogs can absolutely eat carrots. Not only are they non-toxic, but they also hold many nutritional benefits our dogs can enjoy, too.

In fact, carrots are one of the top human foods nutritionists and veterinarians recommend sharing with your dog. They’re especially good as snacks for obese dogs because they provide plenty of crunch without as many calories as traditional biscuit treats. 

But what about different types of carrots or styles of preparation? Here are some more answers about carrots and dogs that get right to the root of this colorful root vegetable.  

Can Puppies Eat Carrots?

Yes! Keep in mind that since puppies are growing, they require more protein, fat, and certain nutrients than adult dogs. Because of this, pet parents should be careful not to feed too many carrots to their puppies – consider them a special treat, not a mainstay or the majority of their diet.

Can Dogs Eat Raw Carrots?

Yes! Raw carrots and cooked carrots are both very nutritious for dogs. And for dogs who like to chew, chomping on raw carrots can provide a satisfying crunch. Carrot skin contains additional nutrients that are good for your dog, so there’s no need to break out the peeler. You can let your pup chow down on carrots, peels included!

Can Dogs Have Baby Carrots?

Yes! Baby carrots are an easy way for pet parents to control portions while minimizing chopping and prep work. And even though baby carrots have had their skin peeled off, they are still very nutritious. Depending on your dog’s size, so baby carrots may still need to be chopped or sliced to prevent choking.   

Can Dogs Eat Peas and Carrots?

Yes! Peas and carrots are a classic pairing, so it’s great news that this nutrient-dense duo is safe for dogs, too. Together, peas and carrots provide a variety of nutrients, textures, and tastes dogs love. And to make things easier, many pet parents reach for a handful of frozen peas and carrots for a refreshing summertime dog treat. Frozen vegetables are a great alternative to fresh and just as nutritious.

Are Carrots Good for Dogs?

Carrots contain a host of nutritional benefits for dogs, as well as potential health benefits. The vibrant orange veggies are rich in beta-carotene, a pigment that your dog’s body converts into vitamin A to help promote strong bones, good eyesight, night vision, and a healthy coat.

Carrots also supply your dog with vitamins K and C, as well as essential minerals including potassium and calcium. Keeping the peel on the carrot provides additional vitamin C and niacin. But if you prefer the convenience of baby carrots, there’s no need to worry. Carrots still pack a nutritional wallop in terms of vitamins and minerals, even without the peel. 

Carrots are a great source of fiber, too. They provide dogs with both soluble and insoluble fiber, each of which plays a different role in your dog’s health. Soluble fiber helps lower glucose levels, reduce cholesterol, and slow digestion so your dog feels full longer. Insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation, remove toxins from the colon, and encourage regular, normal poop.

Are Carrots Bad for Dogs?

Carrots could be bad for your dog if you feed them too much. Though they’re packed with beneficial vitamins and nutrients, sweet-tasting carrots contain plenty of natural sugars, too. But just because carrots are naturally sweet doesn’t mean your dog should eat them with abandon. Like any other treat, the calories can add up quickly.

Carrots are also high in oxalates, a natural compound found in many plants. If your dog has bladder stones made of oxalates (or is prone to forming them), feeding carrots would not be a good choice.

Finally, carrots can present a choking hazard. So it’s always best to offer your dog smaller, bite-sized chunks of carrot instead of larger pieces they could swallow whole or get lodged in their windpipe.  

Dogs and Carrots: Feeding Tips

While carrots have many health benefits, it’s all too easy to go overboard with this natural snack. So be sure to factor in the calories they add to your dog’s diet, just like you would for any commercial dog treat. 

So how many carrots can a dog eat? Only 10 percent of your dog’s daily calories should come from treats. On average, a baby carrot contains about 4 calories. So for every 10 pounds of doggy weight, your dog can eat 5 baby carrots each day. Of course, if you are offering your pup any other treats, you would need to reduce that amount accordingly. 

When it comes to preparing carrots for dogs to enjoy, pet parents have plenty of pup-safe options. 

Raw carrots are easy to prep (especially if you leave the skin on) and provide lots of crunch. But in terms of nutritional benefit, cooked carrots are equivalent to raw. Cooking carrots helps break down the veggie’s tough cell walls so a dog’s body can more easily absorb the nutrients locked within.

Just remember that excessive boiling could cause some vitamins and minerals to leech out of the carrots and into the water, so steaming is best. 

And if you’re tempted to share some carrots off your own plate with your pup, keep in mind that carrots can be harmful to dogs if they are part of “people food.”

Carrots are often cooked with additives like oil and salt, which can be detrimental to dogs when consumed in excess. Or, they may be part of a recipe that includes seasonings like garlic or onion, which are toxic to dogs.

Carrot-based baked goods such as carrot cake should also be avoided due to high levels of sugar and fat, which could contribute to dog obesity and serious health issues like diabetes. In addition, some recipes contain added raisins which are highly toxic to dogs.
To ensure your dog gets the biggest nutritional boost out of carrots, remember to keep your prep simple and offer them to your pup in moderation. That’s the key to unlocking the benefits of carrots for dogs.

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Given the cost of these delish shellfish, this may be more of a hypothetical question than an actual meal proposal. Still, it’s fun to imagine spoiling our dogs…and even more fun picturing them in a lobster bib!

There’s also the fact that some dogs do raid the trash from time to time, so accidental consumption could be a concern. And in areas where lobster is more widely available and affordable, it might even be something pet parents consider adding to their dog’s meal rotation. 

So in this article, we will let you know if it is OK to feed your dog lobster, how lobster should be prepared for dogs (if at all), as well as the potential risks and benefits of feeding lobster to dogs. 

Can Dogs Eat Lobster? 

In a nutshell: Yes, dogs can eat lobster. Lobster is not toxic to dogs and can be enjoyed by most dogs in small quantities as an indulgent treat.

Want more info? Here’s a deeper dive into the different parts and preparations of lobster and whether they’re safe for crustacean-craving pups.  

Can Dogs Eat Raw Lobster? 

No, you should not feed your dog raw lobster. Feeding dogs raw lobster increases their risk of ingesting harmful bacteria that can cause illness. Plus, raw lobster doesn’t offer any additional nutritional benefit to dogs over cooked lobster meat.   

Can Dogs Eat Lobster Shells? 

No, dogs should never eat lobster shells. Chewing on the thick, brittle lobster shells will cause them to shatter and break, creating sharp edges. These can injure a dog’s tongue, throat, and esophagus, as well as create a choking hazard. Lobster shells that make it into a dog’s stomach cannot be digested and may cause intestinal blockages or, worse yet, perforation of the stomach or intestines, requiring emergency surgery. 

Can Dogs Eat Cooked Lobster? 

Feeding dogs cooked lobster as an occasional treat should be fine in most cases. When preparing lobster for your dog, make sure you only include the meat of the lobster and none of the shell. It’s best to cook the lobster in a simple manner, such as baking, boiling, or steaming the meat. Do not add any seasonings or butter to the lobster as this could make your dog ill. 

Is Lobster Good for Dogs? 

Lobster may be nutritious for dogs in small quantities. Lobster is high in protein, low in calories, and low in fat. Lobster is also a good source of copper, selenium, zinc, and vitamin B12 (1). In addition, lobster is a great source of Omega-3 fatty acids, which can benefit your dog’s skin, heart, joints, and brain. 

Despite having some potential health benefits for dogs, it’s rare to see lobster listed as an ingredient in commercial pet foods or treats, likely due to its high cost. However, a few dog foods as well as dog treats and supplements containing lobster are available. 

Is Lobster Bad for Dogs? 

Feeding too much lobster to dogs may be harmful to their health due to a few different reasons. The first is that lobster is quite high in sodium. Eating foods high in sodium occasionally isn’t going to harm a healthy dog. However, some dogs with chronic health conditions such as kidney disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), or heart disease, should not eat salty foods as it can worsen their health. 

Additionally, lobster is high in cholesterol. Dogs with a history of pancreatitis or those with hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, or Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) should avoid eating foods high in cholesterol. 

Another concern with feeding dogs lobster is that lobster, like many other types of seafood, may be contaminated with harmful heavy metals such as mercury and lead (2). Eating foods high in heavy metals can lead to toxicities over time. So lobster should not make up a substantial part of a dog’s diet. 

In addition to general concerns about the risk of feeding dogs lobster, there are specific situations that may present additional risks. Here are answers to some commonly asked questions about dogs and lobster.

Are Dogs Allergic to Lobster? 

Just as humans can be allergic to lobster and other shellfish, dogs can also have an allergy to lobster, although it is thought to be much less common. 

Signs that your dog may have a serious allergic reaction to lobster include hives, vomiting, diarrhea, facial swelling, extreme tiredness, difficulty breathing, or collapse. 

If your dog has an allergy to lobster, any serious symptoms would typically appear within a few hours of eating lobster. If you notice any of these symptoms after your dog eats lobster, take them to a veterinarian immediately. 

What if my Dog Ate Lobster Shell? 

If your dog got into the trash and ate a whole lobster tail or two, a visit to the veterinarian is in order. Your veterinarian will likely want to monitor your dog and perform X-rays. Since lobster shells can have very sharp edges when they are chewed up, inducing vomiting isn’t typically recommended because it can cause damage to the esophagus as it is coming back up. 

If your large dog only ate a tiny bit of lobster shell, it is reasonable to monitor them for any abnormal signs at home. However, if your dog starts displaying any of these symptoms — making gagging noises, vomiting, stops eating, or not pooping normally — you should visit the veterinarian immediately. 

Can I Feed My Dog Lobster? The Verdict

If you do decide to feed your dog lobster, it is always best to first discuss this with your veterinarian, especially if your dog has any ongoing medical conditions. If your dog has a history of pancreatitis or a sensitive stomach, it is probably best not to feed them any lobster at all. 

When feeding your dog lobster for the first time, start with a tiny amount and observe your dog closely afterward for any signs of an allergic reaction. Lobster should not be fed to dogs in high quantities and it is best to only offer lobster as an occasional luxurious treat.

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So what exactly makes dogs so eager to eat? And do you find yourself asking: why is my dog always hungry? Should we be worried if our canine companion never seems satisfied? 

Read on to learn about hunger in dogs, the difference between normal and abnormal dog appetites, reasons your dog may always be hungry, and what you should do about it. 

Hunger in Dogs: What’s Normal

Some dogs will scarf down their food in the blink of an eye or seemingly materialize out of nowhere the second they hear you open the pantry door or crinkle a food wrapper. Other dogs may have a more peckish appetite and turn up their nose at some meals and treats. Both appetite types can be normal. 

While all dogs should display some level of hunger throughout the day, normal hunger in dogs will typically vary based on age, sex, and breed. Expect a young, playful puppy to act hungrier and more ravenous than an older, sedentary dog. 

Younger dogs will generally have voracious appetites to support their growth and higher level of activity. As dogs age, their appetite tends to decrease. Older dogs have less demand for calories as they are not growing, less active, and have slower metabolisms. 

Dogs who are sexually intact often have bigger appetites than their spayed and neutered counterparts as sex hormones can boost metabolism. On the other hand, some intact dogs actually show less interest in food, particularly if there is a potential mate nearby. 

Another major factor affecting hunger in dogs is breed. Some breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers and Beagles, are known for their large appetites. Other breeds, like Chihuahuas, usually have humble appetites in proportion with their small size.

Do Dogs Get Full?

It’s not uncommon for dogs to appear like bottomless pits, however, at some point all dogs will reach a point of satiation or fullness. The point at which a dog gets full varies from dog to dog. 

Hunger and fullness are controlled by hormones inside the body. When the stomach is full, it sends hormone signals to the brain letting it know that it has eaten enough. Some dogs are able to override these signals and continue to eat regardless. This is common in rescue situations where the dog was previously in an environment where food was scarce, or in households in which dogs are given treats and essentially rewarded every time they beg. 

In cases where a dog never seems full, it can be tempting to continue to feed them, especially when they consumed their recommended serving size in the blink of an eye. However, continuing to feed dogs until they no longer want to eat can result in obesity and a number of associated health conditions. 

A good rule of thumb is to look for external signs that your dog has eaten enough as opposed to gauging their hunger by whether or not they will eat more. If their weight is stable, they are able to rest and relax after meals, and if there are no associated changes in thirst, urination, and defecation, then you can rest assured that they are eating enough to satisfy them. In cases where you are still unsure, consult your veterinarian.

Signs a Dog is Actually Hungry

As discussed, it can be difficult to differentiate real hunger from a dog that simply acts hungry all the time. Scarfing down food at mealtimes, constantly begging, trying to scavenge for food, being aggressive about food, etc. can all be signs that a dog is actually hungry but some dogs will act this way whether or not they truly need more calories. 

Reliable signs that your dog is actually hungry include:

• A sudden increase in appetite, known as polyphagia.
• Becoming aggressive around food when they weren’t previously.
• Breakthroughs in training regarding food such as counter surfing, digging into trash, stealing food from plates, etc.
• Weight loss.
• A loss of sheen to the coat.
• Restlessness or whining incessantly despite regular meals.
• Continuing to lick the food bowl after eating for more than a few moments.
• Developing coprophagia (i.e. consuming feces).

Essentially, any change in your dog’s normal behavior or habits around eating is a good indication that your dog is truly hungry, and warrants an investigation to determine the underlying cause. 

Why Is My Dog Always Hungry? 10 Possible Reasons

If your dog is always acting hungry, there are a variety of reasons that could explain your pup’s behavior. Here are some of the most common causes of hunger in dogs. 

Inadequate calories/nutrition. It is possible that your dog may not be eating enough to satisfy their caloric needs. Make sure you are feeding a complete and balanced diet and check the food label for recommended feeding amounts and portion sizes. If you still aren’t sure if you’re dog is getting the right amount of food, talk to your veterinarian to help determine appropriate portions. 

Boredom. Just as humans sometimes find themselves standing in front of the pantry when they need something to do, dogs will also eat when they are bored. Make sure your dog has plenty of enrichment activities and gets exercise throughout the day to alleviate boredom. 

Anxiety or stress. Anxiety in dogs raises their level of stress hormone, known as cortisol. Extra cortisol increases appetite and leads to emotional eating. 

Diabetes Mellitus. Perhaps one of the most telling signs of diabetes in dogs is a sudden increase in hunger. This is due to the development of hypoglycemia and the body’s attempt to increase accessible blood sugar. The associated hunger is often accompanied by weight loss, increased thirst, and an increase in urination. 

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease). Dogs suffering from hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s disease have an excess amount of the stress hormone, cortisol, in their system. Extra cortisol makes dogs excessively hungry. Dogs with Cushing’s disease also develop a pot bellied appearance, symmetrical hair loss, skin infections, pant excessively, and have increased thirst and urination.

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Dogs with EPI are not producing adequate amounts of the pancreatic enzymes needed to properly digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Since these dogs are unable to digest nutrients properly, the nutrients are not absorbed and pass in the stool, leaving affected dogs perpetually hungry. These pets often have large bowel movements and obvious weight loss.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease. IBD affects the intestines ability to properly absorb nutrients. Dogs with this condition will often have an increased appetite along with weight loss, diarrhea, and occasionally vomiting. 

Cancer. Cancer often uses glucose as a source of energy to grow inside the body, therefore, dogs with cancer usually have an increased appetite. These pets will usually also have weight loss despite eating more and perhaps other signs of illness such as lethargy, weakness, vomiting, etc.

Intestinal parasites. Dogs with heavy burdens of intestinal parasites like hookworms, roundworms, or tapeworms will usually be hungrier than usual due to the stolen nutrients. Other signs of a parasite infection include weight loss, a poor hair coat, diarrhea, and possibly vomiting. It is very uncommon to actually see worms in your pet’s stool, so a lack of worms does not mean parasites are not present. 

Medications. Certain medications, particularly steroids like prednisone, can result in a noticeable increase in appetite. 

How to Deal With a Dog That Is Always Hungry

If your dog has a sudden increase in appetite, it is your responsibility to consult a veterinarian, determine the cause, and treat any medical or behavioral conditions if needed. 

If your dog simply overeats, it is your job to determine how much and how often they really need to eat to avoid the development of obesity. 

For dogs that are healthy but have seemingly insatiable appetites, adding healthy fiber to their diet can be a great way to help them feel full. This can be accomplished with prescription pet foods for weight management and/or weight loss, or by working with a veterinarian or animal nutritionist to determine what can be added to their diet to supplement fiber without creating a dietary imbalance. 

Be cautious not to reward begging by giving your dog a treat every time they pull out their adorable puppy dog stare or sharing your snacks every time you rummage the pantry. Create firm boundaries around treats by giving them only after desired behaviors like sitting, staying, and/or pottying outside. 

Lastly, making sure your dog receives plenty of physical and mental stimulation can help dogs with hearty appetites enjoy decent amounts of treats without developing obesity or behavioral problems surrounding food. Simply taking your dog on a walk and allowing them time to stop and sniff as often as desired can be a great way to provide both physical and mental stimulation, burn calories, and enjoy parts of life outside of eating. 

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Raw dog diets can be made from scratch or bought from commercial pet food manufacturers. These days, pet parents have access to a wide range of pre-made raw dog food options, including frozen, freeze-dried, and dehydrated meals, as well as hybrid products like freeze-dried raw and kibble blends.

We spoke to veterinary nutritionists about how to avoid some potentially dangerous mistakes if you want to feed your dog a raw food diet.

Mistake #1: Going the DIY Route  

Many popular videos on social media—not to mention the scads of raw food recipes you can find by Googling—tout the benefits of raw food diets for dogs. However, much of this content is not created by veterinary nutritionists or food scientists. 

“The problem with raw diets is the same one with home diets—dietary efficacy,” says Dr. Stewart Morgan of Los Angeles Animal Specialty Emergency & Rehabilitation (LAASER).

In other words, many homemade diets for dogs, whether raw or cooked, are not properly nutritionally balanced, Dr. Morgan says. They often lack nutrients that dogs cannot get from non-food sources, such as vitamin D and calcium. “Most raw diets are high in protein and phosphorus, but they’re calcium deficient,” he explains.

Dr. Belen Perez Marquez of ARCH Veterinary Services in San Jose, Calif., suspects that “99 percent of raw meals are unbalanced at home.” Unbalanced diets (raw or not) can cause major health problems in dogs, she warns.

One way to avoid nutritional deficiencies is to feed a complete and balanced commercial raw dog food, such as Instinct Raw Freeze-Dried Raw Meals, that follows the nutrient profiles established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Read the label closely to determine whether the product is considered a complete and balanced meal on its own, or if it’s intended for supplemental feeding, like a raw dog food topper.

Mistake #2: Not Storing Food Properly

Raw meats, bones, and organs are not like raw fruits and vegetables. They can’t just be left on the counter or even in the fridge for very long, and they need to be handled with care. To inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria like salmonella and listeria, store raw meat or commercially made fresh or frozen raw dog foods, like Instinct Raw Frozen Meals, in the freezer until you are ready to use them. If thawing meals seems like too much effort, consider a shelf-stable product, like Instinct Raw Freeze-Dried Raw Meals, that can be resealed between feedings.

When feeding a raw dog food diet, Dr. Morgan says pet parents need to ask themselves some critical food safety questions. This includes whether the food is being kept at a safe temperature at home and whether retailers are storing and handling raw foods and ingredients properly. If pet parents are taking the homemade route, they’ll also want to consider whether they are willing to put in the time and effort to freshly prepare these meals every day.

Mistake #3: Not Handling Food Properly

Unsafe storage of raw meals and ingredients is directly related to mishandling food in the kitchen. When handling raw dog food, remember that harmful bacteria like salmonella and listeria can easily spread. Anything that comes into contact with raw meat, organs, or eggs—kitchen utensils, pet food bowls and scoops, countertops, cutting boards, your fingers, and yes, your dog—can become contaminated.

Dogs can carry the bacteria in their feces or saliva and spread it to people and other household pets—and they might not even show signs of infection. Older adults, young children, people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women are at higher risk for more severe symptoms. “Say you have a baby in the house, and the dog licks the baby,” Dr. Morgan says. “Or you take your dog into an assisted living facility with immunocompromised people.” Symptoms of salmonella infection in humans include diarrhea (that can be bloody), fever, and stomach cramps, and that’s not the only infection that can be spread by a raw diet. 

To prevent infection, you should thoroughly wash your hands after handling raw pet food and after touching potentially contaminated surfaces or objects, the FDA advises. You should also thoroughly clean and disinfect any surface or object that came into contact with raw food.

Do not let your dog lick your face or anyone else’s face, especially after your pet has eaten a raw meal. Likewise, you should wash your hands if your dog licks them. Finally, if you have young children or immunocompromised family members, think carefully about the risks before selecting a raw diet for your pet. 

Mistake #4: Romanticizing Raw Diets (Your Dog ‘Is Not a Wolf’)

Your bouncy (or maybe lazy) pooch has a wild bloodline. Somewhere around 15,000 years ago, give or take a couple millennia, domestic dogs diverged from wolves (1). And wolves, being wild, eat animals (meat, organs, blood, and bone) that they hunt. Obviously, they don’t cook their meals first.

This ancestry from wolves is the connection often made as to why a domestic dog should eat raw. But for Dr. Morgan, that’s a thin justification. “Someone’s French Bulldog or Chihuahua is not a wolf,” he says. “That is a domesticated animal that we’ve bred to rely on us.”

On average, wolves only live from 6 to 8 years in the wild, according to the PBS program Nature. Those years are often tough, Dr. Morgan says. “It’s feast or famine in the wild,” he says. “Malnutrition is a major cause of death. Animals in the wild are not necessarily healthy. Existence is a very, very low bar for health.”

Cooked and heat-treated pet foods, he says, have eliminated most of the problems that come with consuming animals caught in the wild—abundance and regularity of eating, for one, but also  problems that can arise from a lack of quality control. After all, not every animal caught and eaten is itself healthy or disease free, and that can cause problems for whatever eats it.

In other words, if romanticizing your dog as an ancient wild creature is the motivation for going raw, Dr. Morgan says, you might be barking up the wrong tree.

Mistake #5: Improperly Transitioning to Raw Food

Changing your dog’s diet should not happen overnight. A proper transition period can take from 10 days to three weeks, depending on the individual dog and their gut tolerance. Taking it slow will reduce—but is not guaranteed to eliminate—the likelihood of gastrointestinal issues or other digestive ailments that can come with switching your dog’s food.

Mistake #6: Not Weighing the Pros and Cons

Consider whether the benefits of feeding raw dog food outweigh the risks for your individual pet and your family. Formal scientific evidence is still lacking when it comes to the perceived health benefits of raw feeding. “There’s a lot of information on the internet that claims [a raw diet] is healthy, but none of these are proven,” Dr. Marquez says.

While there are plausible claims that raw feeding may lead to better digestibility and improved stool quality, many other claims remain anecdotal or opinion based (2).

Since research in this field is ongoing, if you do choose to feed your dog a raw food diet, be sure to look for brands that invest in science-led formulas. For example, Instinct has partnered with a university-led research program to better understand how raw diets affect dogs’ health. So far, they have demonstrated that puppies fed raw have fewer environmental allergies as adults and a reduced risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease later in life compared to puppies fed kibble (3), but research on these issues is still ongoing. Further research is being conducted to see how a raw diet can positively impact mobility issues, chronic ear infections, and cancer in dogs.

Mistake #7: Not Researching Raw Dog Food Brands

If you are feeding commercial raw dog food, look for reputable pet food manufacturers that demonstrate a commitment to food safety and quality. Many raw pet food manufacturers use a treatment method called High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on frozen and freeze-dried raw foods to kill harmful bacteria. Some brands may even carry special certifications, such as Safe Quality Food (SQF) certification. 

You should also check to see what types of experts the company has enlisted to develop their products—such as veterinarians, vet techs, food scientists, and nutritionists—and find out where the company sources their ingredients. 

Mistake #8: Not Involving a Veterinarian

If you really want to transition your dog to a raw diet, Dr. Morgan recommends speaking with your veterinarian or a veterinary nutritionist first. If you have a senior dog with a health condition, for example, your veterinarian might advise against feeding a raw dog food diet because certain pets can be more susceptible to food-borne illnesses. In addition, a high-protein raw diet is not recommended for dogs with kidney or liver issues. Raw diets might also contain bone fragments that can pose a choking hazard for your pet.

As mentioned earlier, feeding a homemade raw dog food diet can put your pet at risk of nutritional deficiencies. Even if you decide to go with a commercially made raw product, it’s still best to consult with your vet to ensure you are feeding the right formula for your dog’s life stage and the appropriate portion size. Overfeeding can lead to unhealthy weight gain or an overabundance of a particular vitamin or mineral. 

The Final Verdict

Being the curator of your dog’s diet should not be taken lightly. Given the risks of mishandling or misformulating raw meats, organs, or dairy products, or of improperly storing or handling ingredients or commercially made raw products, you have to be vigilant about safety and sanitation, as well as nutritional balance, with every single meal. 

Homemade and commercial raw dog food diets can work for your pup, but there is little margin for error. If you decide to go raw, the best advice is to consult a vet before you start introducing any raw foods, commercial or otherwise, to make sure it’s safe and appropriate for your dog—and keep your vet in the loop. 

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Knowing when to switch from puppy food to adult food is an important part of helping your pup develop into a healthy adult. It can also play a key role in preventing a wide range of health concerns, ranging from obesity to hip dysplasia and more. 

However, since every dog matures at a different rate, knowing when it’s time to upgrade can be tricky. To guide pet parents, we’ve outlined five signs that can help confirm it’s time to switch, plus some tips for making the switch from puppy to dog food as stress-free as possible for you both.  

Is Your Puppy Ready for Adult Dog Food? 

Your beloved puppy isn’t just brimming with cuteness. Inside that energetic body, there’s a lot of rapid growth going on throughout puppyhood. That’s why puppies need a special diet that’s formulated to provide all the essential vitamins, minerals, and nutrients for healthy development.   

Switching to adult dog food before your puppy is fully mature could derail your puppy’s healthy development. The challenge is that guidelines for when to switch to adult food are generally pretty broad.

According to Alex Schechter, DVM, founding veterinarian of Burwood Veterinary Urgent Care and Wellness Center, “Pet parents should offer their puppies adult dog food typically around 9-12 months of age for small to medium breeds and around 12-18 months of age for larger breeds.”  

“The transition from puppy food to adult dog food depends on specific factors such as the puppy’s breed, overall health, and activity level. Different breeds have different growth rates, and they can reach their adult size at different ages,” he explains. 

Puppy Food vs Adult Food

Food is food, right? Well, not when it comes to puppy food vs. dog food. Here are some key differences, as well as what to look for in an adult dog food once your pup is ready,   

Difference Between Puppy and Adult Dog Food

Unlike jars of baby food and food for adult humans, most puppy food looks pretty similar to adult dog food, albeit with different packaging. However, beneath the surface similarities, puppy food and adult dog food are very different.

Puppy food formulas are designed to support rapid growth and development. “Compared to adult dog food, puppy food is calorie-dense and contains higher levels of protein and fat,” says Schechter. “It also has slightly higher levels of calcium and phosphorus, which is necessary for developing strong bones and teeth.” 

Puppies also have smaller tummies than adult dogs. So they typically need to be fed smaller, but more frequent meals, throughout the day.

“In contrast, adult dog food has lower levels of protein, fat, and calories to maintain a healthy weight and prevent obesity,” he continues. “Adult dog food also contains fewer vitamins and minerals, as adult dogs have already gone through their critical growth and development period.”

Similarities Between Puppy and Adult Dog Food

Though puppies and adult dogs require different nutritional formulas based on their stage of life, it’s worth remembering that some things remain consistent, no matter how old a dog is — such as their breed.

So when you’re thinking about making the big switch to adult dog food, don’t forget to take your dog’s unique breed needs into consideration.   

For example, Hill’s Science Diet Large Breed Puppy dry dog food delivers a specialized formula designed to keep larger breed puppies, like Great Danes, from growing too quickly, which could cause bone strain and deformities. 

While rapid growth is no longer a concern for such dogs once they reach adulthood, breed size can still impact their health. That’s why Hill’s Science Diet Large Breed Adult dry dog food contains glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health and mobility. 

Similarly, small breed dogs of any age can appreciate the smaller bite-sized kibble pieces in Hill’s Science Diet Small Paws dry dog food, which is available in formulas designed to address the unique nutritional needs of small breed dogs, from puppies to adult dogs and seniors. 

How Long is a Dog a Puppy?

All dogs are different — and we love them for that! But that also means there’s no one-size-fits-all answer about exactly when dogs stop being puppies and start being adults. 

Generally, dogs can be considered adults when they stop growing, which can happen anywhere between the ages of 6-18 months old. But that’s a pretty wide window, and where your dog is likely to fall within that range often depends on their breed size. 

Most puppies — large breed, small breed, and in-between — develop at approximately the same rate until they’re about six months old. That’s when growth in smaller breeds starts to taper off. As a result, small breed dogs are typically considered adult at 6-8 months of age. While larger breeds tend to keep growing until they’re 12-18 months of age.

Admittedly, this framework is still pretty broad. So if you’re still wondering, “When are dogs fully grown and ready for adult dog food?” here are some additional signs that can help you figure out if your dog is outgrowing their puppy diet. 

When to Switch to Adult Dog Food: 5 Signs It’s Time

How long should a puppy eat puppy food isn’t a question you can answer with a precise date on a calendar. However, keeping an eye out for some telltale signs can give you a better sense of when your pup may be ready for a more mature diet. 

It’s always a good idea to consult with your veterinarian before switching your pup’s food. But if you spot the signs below, it’s worth scheduling a call or visit with your vet to discuss it.

1. Your puppy has stopped growing 

Once you know when your puppy should stop growing based on breed size estimates, stay alert for signs that confirm your dog’s growth is slowing or has stopped. These can be observational, such as noticing that your puppy has finally grown into those adorable oversized paws and gangly legs. But, ideally, you want to ensure your pup’s growth period has ended. 

You can do this by comparing your dog’s weight to the breed standard weights set by the  American Kennel Club (AKC). If you have a mixed breed dog, you can ask your veterinarian for help determining whether your dog has reached their mature weight for their general size.   

2. Your puppy is gaining weight 

As puppies approach adulthood, they no longer need the higher levels of protein, fat, and calories that puppy food contains to support rapid growth and development. At the same time, their energy levels start to decrease. This combination often results in excess weight gain, which is another sign that adult food would be a better fit for your pup. 

Just be sure to confirm with your vet that what you’re noticing is indeed extra weight and not normal, healthy puppy growth.    

3. Your puppy’s growth plates are closing 

The growth plates in a puppy’s longer bones are made from soft cartilage that gradually hardens and turns into calcified bone as your puppy matures. While signs of skeletal growth plate closure are subtle and can only really be seen on X-rays, some pet parents may notice changes if they run their hands down their dogs’ rib cage. If you can feel a bump or “knob” at the end of the rib, your pup may still have some growing to do. If not, they may have reached maturity. 

4. Your puppy isn’t as hungry 

If your puppy is leaving food in their bowl, they could be ready to make the switch to adult food. Puppies’ energy levels also tend to decrease as they mature, which might mean your dog isn’t as ravenous as they used to be when they needed to fuel all their puppy antics.  

5. Your puppy is experiencing stomach upset 

“Diarrhea, vomiting, or other gastrointestinal issues can all indicate it’s time to switch your dog’s food from puppy food to adult food,” says Schechter. This could be due to higher levels of fat or protein your dog’s body no longer needs. However, digestive issues like diarrhea can be caused by many things. So it’s always best to consult your veterinarian so they can recommend the appropriate treatment.   

How to Switch from Puppy Food to Adult Food

When you and your veterinarian determine it’s time to transition your puppy to an adult dog food, it’s important to do so gradually. 

To help your dog’s digestive system acclimate to the new food, it’s best to introduce their new food over a week, following this schedule:

• Days 1-2: Feed 75% puppy food and 25% adult food.
• Days 3-4: Feed 50% each of puppy food and adult food.
• Day 5-6: Feed 25% puppy food and 75% adult food. 
• Day 7: Feed 100% adult food.

Many pet parents choose to stick to the same brand of adult dog food as the puppy food they’ve been using, but you don’t have to do this if you’d prefer to try a different brand. Just be sure to choose a complete and balanced adult dog food formula that fits your dog’s unique needs, such as Hill’s Science Diet Dog Food. 

“Many veterinarians often recommend Hill’s Science Diet as it is considered as high-quality pet food formulated to meet the nutritional needs of pets at different life stages and with various health conditions,” Schechter says.  

Whichever brand you choose, check the feeding guidelines on your dog’s new food and make sure you’re feeding the recommended amount for their weight. 

If your dog doesn’t want to eat their new adult diet or experiences any signs of gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, talk to your veterinarian to see if you need to try a different formula or simply extend the transition period. 

It’s also a good idea to make sure all family members know that you’re transitioning to a new food and have one person in control of feeds.

The post When to Switch to Adult Dog Food: 5 Signs It’s Time appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Fortunately, Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food has many options formulated to fit the specific health needs of a wide range of dogs. You can find Hill’s Science formulas for dogs from large breed to small, puppies to seniors, and even dogs with illnesses or special dietary needs. 

But which one is right for your dog? And what if your dog fits several Hill’s Science Diet categories? To help pet parents find the best food for their pup, we took a deep dive into Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food and what makes it different from other canine kibbles.

What Is Hill’s Science Diet?

The Hill’s Science Diet brand of pet food has a long history of providing nutrition-based health solutions for pets. It started in the 1930s when veterinarian Dr. Mark Morris Sr. began testing a new way of treating diseases in dogs and cats — by changing what they ate.

In 1939, a young blind man brought his guide dog, Buddy, to Morris and asked for his help. Buddy was dying of kidney disease, so Morris mixed up a formula he had designed specifically to target kidney function. And within a few weeks, Buddy’s health had improved greatly. 

That success led to incredible demand for Morris’ innovative, science-based pet food. So much so that, nine years later, he contracted with the Hill Packing Company in Topeka, Kansas, to produce the very first Hill’s Science Diet commercial pet food.

In the years since then, Hill’s Pet Nutrition has become a part of the Colgate-Palmolive family of companies and a global leader in the world of premium pet food. Yet its mission remains the same: to improve the lives of pets through nutrition, so we can enjoy more time with them.

At its innovative Global Nutrition Center in Topeka, Kansas, the brand works with over 200 nutritionists, food scientists, and veterinarians on groundbreaking research in pet nutrition. The resulting formulas are designed to support health, wellness, and prevention for pets of every age, size, and health condition.

Benefits of Hill’s Science Diet Dry Dog Food

While Hills Science Diet produces a wide range of food for dogs, including canned wet food, treats, and prescription diets, we’re focusing on the brand’s extensive line of Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food options. 

Here’s why: According to the latest buying trends, kibble remains king of the dog food industry. Approximately 94 percent of US dog owners reported consistently feeding pets dry dog food, according to a Packaged Facts report, citing data from consumer insights company MRI-Simmons. 

And that number has risen steadily over the past decade, with Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food among the top brands showing market gains between 2013 and 2021. 

Here’s a quick overview of the biggest Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food benefits contributing to that growth:

Targeted Nutrition – Dogs have different dietary needs depending on a range of factors — including their stage of life, breed size, lifestyle, genetics, health considerations, and more. Hill’s uses science-led ingredients and research to target specific needs with precise pet nutrition.

Expert Recommended – Hill’s Pet Nutrition food isn’t just formulated by experts, including veterinarians, pet nutritionists, and food scientists, it’s trusted by them, too. It’s the #1 veterinarian-recommended pet food over any other brand.

Affordability – Specialized dog food often comes with a premium price tag. But Hill’s Science Diet combines the affordability and convenience of dry dog food with a wide range of options, so pet parents can get customized nutrition that benefits their pet without breaking the bank.  

Types of Hill’s Science Diet Dry Dog Food 

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The variety of Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food formulas is a huge selling point. But if you find yourself a little overwhelmed by all the choices, never fear. We put together a quick overview showing how Hill’s organizes different categories of nutritional needs and breaks them down. 

You can find Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food formulas specific to:   

Age/Life Stage

• Puppy Formulas are intended for puppies up to 1 year old 
• Adult Dog Formulas are for dogs 1 to 6 years old 
• Senior Dog Formulas are for dogs over the age of 6, 7, or 11, depending on the breed 

Breed Size

• Science Diet Large Breed Formulas are for dogs with an ideal weight of 55 or more when fully grown
• Science Diet Small Breed Formulas, which include Small Paws formulas, are for dogs with an ideal weight of up to 25 pounds when fully grown

Weight Management

• Science Diet Perfect Weight Formulas
• Science Diet Light Formulas

Health Considerations

• Science Diet Sensitive Stomach & Skin
• Science Diet Oral Care
• Science Diet Healthy Mobility
• No Corn, Wheat, or Soy Formulas

Keep in mind that one formula can include several categories. For example, if you have a small or mini breed dog who is less active and prefers nibble-sized kibble, Hill’s Science Diet Adult Light Small Paws dry dog food is formulated to meet your pup’s age, breed size, and weight management needs. 

Hill’s Science Diet Dry Dog Food Formulas to Consider

Still unsure which formula to pick for your pet? To help you understand the different options and how they work, we took a closer look at several Hill’s Science Diet categories of dry dog food and their benefits.

Hill’s Science Diet Puppy Dry Dog Food Formulas 

During their first year of life, puppies grow and change by leaps and bounds. So they require a diet that fuels that growth and supports healthy development of their brain and body. Hill’s puppy formulas contain a precise blend of premium ingredients and the right nutrients to give dogs the best start in life. And you can choose from a variety of specialized formulas for puppies, including large breed puppy formulas that help control bone growth and recipes made without corn, wheat, or soy for puppies with food sensitivities.

Key Benefits

• Formula contains DHA from fish oil for healthy brain and eye development, high-quality protein for building lean muscles, and balanced minerals for strong bones & teeth
• Available in chicken and lamb varieties
• Choose from specialized formulas for large breed puppies, small and mini breed puppies, and puppies who cannot tolerate corn, wheat, or soy

Hill’s Science Diet Adult Dog Dry Dog Food Formulas

For dogs between the ages of one to six years old, Hill’s offers a nutrition blend designed to support the energy needs of dogs in their prime adult years. To keep adult dogs looking and feeling great, the protein-rich formula is made from highly digestible ingredients and has no by-product meal. Hill’s offers over 30 different choices of adult formula diets to meet the needs of dogs of any age, size, or health condition.

Key Benefits

• Formula contains Omega-6 fatty acids and Vitamin E for skin and coat health, high-quality protein for lean muscles, and fiber-rich ingredients to promote healthy digestion 
• Available in chicken, lamb, and salmon varieties
• Choose from specialized formulas for a wide variety of needs, including large breed, small breed, weight management, perfect digestion, sensitive stomach and skin, oral health, mobility, and more

Hill’s Science Diet Senior Dry Dog Food Formulas

Though many senior dogs remain puppies at heart, their nutritional requirements can change — sometimes drastically — as they enter their golden years. To help ensure we can spend as much time with our older dogs as possible, Hill’s Science Diet senior formulas are designed to promote overall health, boost overall energy and vitality, as well as target specific health concerns older dogs often face. 

Note that you’ll find some slight differences in the age ranges for this category. Senior formulas are recommended for large breed dogs starting at the age of six, while small and medium-sized breeds typically start at the age of seven. And because small breeds tend to live longer, there’s even a specialized formula designed specifically for small breed dogs over the age of 11. 

Key Benefits

• Formula contains Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil for healthy joints and mobility, Omega-6s and Vitamin E for skin and coat health, plus a special mineral blend to promote heart, kidney, and bladder health
• Some varieties contain ActivBiome+ for improved gut health
• Choose from specialized formulas for a wide variety of needs, including large breed, small breed, senior vitality, perfect digestion, weight management, sensitive stomach and skin, oral health, and more

Hill’s Science Diet Perfect Weight Dry Dog Food Formulas

Dogs that are obese often face an increased risk of health issues, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. That’s why Hill’s Science Diet invested so much research into creating its breakthrough Perfect Weight formulas designed to help dogs lose weight safely and effectively. Always ask your veterinarian for guidance if you are unsure about how to reach or maintain a healthy weight. 

In studies, 70 percent of adult dogs lost weight within 10 weeks on this formula, which can also be used to help dogs maintain a healthy weight. That makes it a great choice for adult dogs that are less active, neutered, or breed prone to weight gain, such as Golden Retrievers or Beagles.  

Key Benefits

• Low-calorie formula is enriched with L-carnitine and coconut oil for healthy metabolism, high-quality protein for lean muscle support, and fiber-rich ingredients to help your dog feel full longer
• Available in formulas specialized for large breed and small breed adult dogs
• To ensure safe and effective weight loss or weight management, follow the helpful feeding guide on the bag. 

Hill’s Science Diet Light Dry Dog Food

Some dog breeds are predisposed to be less active, while other dogs might slow down due to joint pain or an injury. In either case, pet parents need to reduce the number of daily calories such dogs consume to match their reduced energy needs. And that’s just what Hill’s Science Diet Light formulas help you do. 

Hill’s Light formulas provide all the nutrition dogs need, but in a low-calorie kibble that helps dogs maintain a healthy weight and lifestyle for their activity level. Plus, you don’t have to worry about your dog feeling hungry between meals because it’s formulated with a precise blend of high-quality protein and natural fibers to help dogs feel full longer. 

Key Benefits

• Low-calorie formula contains L-Carnitine to help promote healthy body weight, boost mobility, and maintain heart function, while Omega-6 fatty acids and Vitamin E ensure healthy skin and a luxurious coat
• Available in formulas specialized for large breed and small breed adult dogs
• There’s a helpful chart that recommends how much to feed your dog for weight loss or weight management. But if you are unsure, always ask your veterinarian for guidance.

Hill’s Science Diet Small Paws vs Small Bites Formulas

We’ve heard a lot of questions from pet parents about these two categories that sound alike, but offer different benefits. So here’s an easy explanation.

Hills Science Diet Small Paws Formulas evolved from research conducted at Hill’s dedicated Small Paws center, which is part of the brand’s Global Pet Nutrition Center facility in Topeka. These formulas are specifically designed to meet the unique nutritional needs of small and mini breeds throughout every stage of their life and across many health conditions. 

The formulas promote heart, kidney, and bladder health, fuel small breeds’ energy needs, and contain a special antioxidant blend for lifelong immunity support. And all Small Paws formulas feature “nibble-sized kibble” that measures 7.5 mm x 4.5 mm — perfect for petite mouths. 

Small Paws formulas are available in options designed for small breed puppies, adults, and seniors, as well as weight management for adult dogs.  

Hill’s Science Diet Small Bites Formulas are not limited to a specific breed size. Instead, these formulas cater to dogs of all ages, shapes, and sizes who simply prefer smaller-sized kibble. Small Bites contain, appropriately, bite-sized kibble that measures around 10 mm x 6 mm, depending on the formula.

Small Bites formulas are available in options designed for puppies, adults, and seniors, as well as those targeting digestive health, mobility, weight management, and more.   

Which Hill’s Science Diet Formula is Right for Your Dog? 

To help you zero in on the perfect Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food recipe for your pet requires a simple process of elimination.

1. First, start with your dog’s current age to figure out whether you need puppy, adult, or senior food.
2. Then determine if you need a formula specialized for your dog’s breed size. Remember, breed size can impact the age at which your dog may need to switch to senior food. 

• Small breeds are those with an ideal weight up to 25 pounds when fully grown. 
• Large breeds are those with an ideal weight of 55 or more when fully grown

3. Next, look for specific health considerations you’re hoping to target through your dog’s diet. 
4. Finally, if your dog prefers a smaller size kibble, check to see if the formula you want is available in Small Bites.

According to veterinarian Dr. Ivana Crnec, DVM, a quick conversation with your veterinarian may be helpful here. “Pet parents should consult their trusted veterinarians to determine which Hill’s Science Diet Dry Dog food is best,” she says. “Veterinarians can help decide on the best diet and give feeding tips based on the pup’s individual needs and lifestyle.”

And if you still aren’t certain which Hill’s Science Diet formula is best for your dog, take this easy quiz designed to eliminate confusion and help guide you to the right choice. 

No matter which formula fits your pet best, you can be sure that every bag of Hill’s Science Diet dry dog food contains the absolute best in science-backed nutrition for the health, wellness, and longevity of your pet.  

The author received compensation from Great Pet Care for their services in writing this article.

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Since certain human foods can be toxic to dogs it is important to seek advice from a veterinarian prior to feeding any human food or unusual ingredients to your dog. While cinnamon is safe for humans to consume, the question of whether or not it is safe for dogs to eat is a topic of debate among pet owners and veterinarians. 

In this article, we will explore the potential benefits and risks of feeding cinnamon to dogs and provide guidance on whether or not it is safe to include cinnamon in your dog’s diet. 

Can Dogs Eat Cinnamon?

In short, yes, dogs can eat cinnamon. The cinnamon spice is non-toxic to dogs and generally well-tolerated in quantities usually consumed by humans. It is ok to give your canine companion small quantities of ground cinnamon as long as it is mixed in with food and they are not allowed to sniff a heap of ground cinnamon, as this may cause irritation of their nose, throat and lungs.

Cinnamon sticks, which are rolled pieces of cinnamon tree bark, should not be fed to dogs. The sticks may hurt your dog’s mouth as he chews it and pieces of the sticks can become lodged in your dog’s mouth, throat, stomach, or intestines. 

It is ok for small amounts of cinnamon to be incorporated into your dog’s food or treats. In fact, many commercially available dog treats contain cinnamon as an ingredient.

Can Dogs Eat Cinnamon Rolls?

Cinnamon rolls can be harmful when fed to dogs. They typically contain large amounts of sugar and butter, which can be harmful to dogs if consumed in large quantities. The high levels of fat in cinnamon rolls can lead to an upset stomach, unhealthy weight gain, and even pancreatitis, a potentially serious condition. 

Additionally, the uncooked dough used to make cinnamon rolls should never be fed to dogs as it can expand in the stomach, leading to gastrointestinal blockage and serious complications. Cinnamon rolls may also contain raisins, which are very toxic to dogs even in small quantities. In general, it is best to keep all baked goods, including cinnamon rolls, out of reach.

Can Dogs Eat Cinnamon Toast Crunch?

It is not recommended for dogs to eat Cinnamon Toast Crunch cereal. While the cereal itself is not toxic to dogs, it is not a suitable part of a dog’s diet. Cinnamon Toast Crunch contains a high amount of sugar, which can be harmful to dogs if consumed in large quantities and if fed over a long period of time may contribute to tooth decay and obesity. Additionally, the cereal contains several other ingredients that are not suitable for dogs, such as artificial flavors and preservatives. Ingesting large amounts of these ingredients can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs, including vomiting and diarrhea.

Can Dogs Eat Cinnamon Applesauce?

Dogs can eat some kinds of cinnamon applesauce. If you feed your dog a store-bought cinnamon applesauce, you must pay careful attention to the ingredient list. 

Cinnamon applesauce that has been sweetened with added sugar isn’t recommended. You must also make sure that the applesauce doesn’t contain any sugar substitutes, especially xylitol, which is very toxic to dogs and can cause dangerously low blood sugar and liver damage.

Is Cinnamon Safe For Dogs?

Cinnamon is generally safe for dogs to consume in small amounts, but it is not a necessary part of a dog’s diet and should not be given to them in large amounts. 

In high amounts, cinnamon can cause irritation to the mouth and throat, and it can also cause vomiting and diarrhea. According to the Pet Poison Helpline, it would take over 1 teaspoon of ground cinnamon to cause issues in a dog. 

However, dogs should never be fed cinnamon oil, as it is highly concentrated cinnamon and even small amounts could lead to severe irritation of the mouth and throat. Additionally, studies in rats show that high doses of cinnamon fed over time can lead to kidney disease and liver disease so there are concerns that the same could be true for dogs.

It is also worth noting that cinnamon may be accompanied by other spices in baked goods that are not safe, such as nutmeg. Nutmeg can be toxic to dogs if ingested in large quantities and can cause symptoms such as vomiting, tremors, and hallucinations.

If your dog eats a lot of cinnamon or if you are concerned that your dog has ingested a potentially toxic substance, it is important to contact your veterinarian or a pet poison control hotline immediately. Symptoms to watch for include vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Prompt medical attention can help to minimize the potential risks and ensure the best outcome for your dog.

Is Cinnamon Good for Dogs?

Not many studies have looked at potential health benefits of feeding cinnamon to dogs but there are many known benefits in humans. In humans and mice there is evidence that cinnamon may help with blood sugar regulation in diabetics, lower cholesterol, may reduce the risk of cancer, may help prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease as well as act as a natural anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. However, even in humans, more studies are needed to determine the proper beneficial dosage of cinnamon while mitigating any potentially harmful side effects.

One short study in dogs did show that cinnamon helped to lower their blood pressure. In the future, we may start seeing cinnamon recommended as a supplement in addition to tried and tested medications for the management of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and other chronic conditions. 

However, at this time, if you choose to try giving cinnamon to your dog daily, it is recommended to first speak with your veterinarian and discuss any conditions specific to your dog.

Precautions When Giving Dogs Cinnamon

If you feed your dog cinnamon, ensure that the cinnamon-containing food isn’t high in fat or sugar and you’ll want to closely check the ingredients to make sure there isn’t any xylitol, nutmeg, macadamia nuts or other ingredients that are toxic to. 

If you’re not sure about feeding your dog a particular food make sure you speak with your veterinarian before offering it to your dog.

How to Give Dogs Cinnamon

If you choose to feed your dog cinnamon, make sure to feed only ¼ to a ½ teaspoon of ground cinnamon per day to help avoid any possible side effects. 

You can mix the cinnamon in with your dog’s food, just ensure you mix it with canned or moistened food so that your dog doesn’t sniff the powder, which may cause irritation of his nose or lungs. 

There are also many commercially available dog treats that include cinnamon as an ingredient. 

Again, make sure you speak with your veterinarian prior to incorporating cinnamon into your dog’s diet and start with a very small amount to make sure your dog isn’t sensitive to this yummy spice.

The post Can Dogs Have Cinnamon? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Can Dogs Eat Ham? 

Feeding ham to dogs is not a good idea. Ham is a pork leg that has been cured in salt and often sugar and other spices. This food is also high in fat and calories. For these reasons, pet parents should not feed their dogs or puppies ham. 

Can Dogs Have Ham That’s Fresh, Cured or Smoked? 

Ham comes in many different varieties, such as honey ham, jamon Iberico, prosciutto, and smoked ham. None of these types of ham should be fed to dogs. 

While most hams are cured in salts or sodium containing nitrates, fresh hams are uncured pork leg cuts. Fresh hams are lower in sodium content than their cured counterparts but still typically contain much more sodium than turkey breast or chicken breast and should also not be included in your dog’s diet. 

Most types of hams often contain high amounts of fat, which can also be harmful to dogs. 

Can Dogs Eat Ham Bones? 

Dogs should never be fed ham bones or any bones at all, according to the FDA and most veterinarians (1). If the bone is hollow, it may get stuck on your dog’s lower jaw, requiring an emergency trip to the vet. 

Cooked ham bones become brittle and can splinter in your dog’s mouth, throat, stomach, or intestines. This can cause severe pain and could lead to a blockage in the digestive system or, worse yet, a tear in the stomach or intestines. 

Raw ham bones also carry risks. While they are unlikely to splinter, the bones are very hard and can hurt your dog’s mouth or crack a tooth. Raw ham bones may also carry harmful bacteria like Salmonella, Listeria, or E. coli, which may lead to vomiting and diarrhea that may sometimes become severe. 

Can Dogs Eat Deli Ham? 

In general, dogs also shouldn’t eat deli ham. Whether it’s prosciutto, honey ham, or turkey ham, sliced and deli hams like most types of hams are too high in sodium and may be high in fat. A tiny bit here and there probably wouldn’t hurt, but there are definitely better treat options for your dog that are healthier and less likely to cause an upset stomach. 

Is Ham Bad for Dogs?

Cured meats like ham are high in salt, which can be harmful to dogs. If your dog is fed a commercially prepared complete and balanced diet, their diet already contains all the sodium that they need. Adding in ham in any significant amount can lead to excess sodium, which can lead to bloating, increased water intake, and an upset stomach. Dogs who eat too much ham can potentially experience life-threatening salt poisoning, however, this is very unlikely to occur unless they do not have access to plenty of fresh water. 

Another reason why ham isn’t a good choice for dogs is its fat content. Most hams are quite high in fat, which at minimum may upset your dog’s stomach but at worst could lead to a potentially deadly condition called pancreatitis. Some dogs with underlying health issues, such as diabetes, are more sensitive to added fats in their diets and are at a much higher risk of developing pancreatitis. Certain breeds of dogs, especially Miniature Schnauzers, are prone to pancreatitis and should never be fed ham or any other fatty foods. 

Many hams, especially the wet hams commonly found in the United States during the holidays, contain added sugars that can be detrimental to your dog’s health. 

Risks of Feeding Ham to Dogs

Consider these risks before feeding a dog ham:

• While ham is not toxic to dogs, most varieties contain too much fat, salt, and/or sugar for dogs, which can have a variety of harmful health consequences. 
• The most common side effect of feeding your dog ham would be that it can cause an upset stomach, leading to vomiting and diarrhea. This upset stomach can become more severe and lead to dehydration or pancreatitis. 
• As a reminder, there are many risks that come with feeding dogs ham bones, cooked or raw, so these bones should never be fed to any dog. These risks range from choking to intestinal blockages and even death.
• Even if your dog tolerates being fed ham in the short term, feeding ham over a long period of time can lead to your dog becoming overweight or obese. This is because ham is high in fat and calories and these extra calories can really add up, especially in small dogs, as their calorie requirements are very low. 
• Feeding sweetened ham to dogs frequently can also lead to tooth decay. 
• Many varieties of hams also contain nitrates, which are known carcinogens, meaning they promote cancer. For this reason, feeding ham on a daily or frequent basis can increase your dog’s risk of cancers. 

What to Do if Your Dog Eats Ham

If you’re reading this and you have fed your dog ham in the past and they are currently acting healthy, there is no need to go running to your veterinarian. However, you shouldn’t continue feeding your dog ham for the reasons previously stated. 

If your dog is going to develop an issue from eating ham, they will typically start showing signs of illness within one day. Your dog will be at greatest risk of developing illness from eating ham if they eat a large amount. The smaller the dog, the smaller amount of ham they need to eat to cause them to be sick. If your dog eats a large amount of ham, this should be treated as an emergency and you should take them to the vet right away. Your veterinarian may induce vomiting if the ham was ingested less than two hours prior. If it has been longer than two hours, your veterinarian will likely perform blood work and put your dog on intravenous (IV) fluids and anti-nausea medications and keep them hospitalized for observation. 

If your dog swallowed any amount of a ham bone, they should also be taken to their veterinarian immediately. Your veterinarian will need to take X-rays of your dog’s throat, stomach, and intestines to check for signs of a blockage or perforation of the intestines. 

However, dogs who have only eaten a small amount of ham may do just fine but should be monitored carefully at home. When in doubt, if you are worried about the amount or type of ham your dog ate, it is always best to reach out to your veterinarian or animal poison control for guidance. Signs that your dog may be seriously ill from eating ham include: 

• Not wanting to eat for longer than a day
• Not wanting to drink water
• Vomiting more than a few times in a day
• Explosive or bloody diarrhea
• Crying when you touch their belly 
• Acting very tired or listless. 

If any of those signs develop, you’ll need to take your dog in for medical care urgently. 

How to Prevent Dogs From Eating Ham

In order to prevent your dog from sneaking a slice of ham, make sure to put food trays and plates up high and out of reach from your dog. You should also make sure that your dog does not get into the trash. Trash cans with heavy lids and those that your dog cannot knock over are best to prevent them from access to leftovers. You can also secure ham bones and scraps in the freezer until trash day if you’re worried about your dog getting into the trash. 

If you absolutely must share bits of your meals or ingredients with your dog, there are safer alternatives to feed than ham. These include turkey breast without any skin or spices, plain cooked pumpkin or squash meat, raw or steamed unseasoned green beans, and fresh or frozen unsweetened cranberries. 

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So if you have a pup that’s begging you for a piece, you may be wondering: can dogs have watermelon? And is watermelon good for dogs? Before you feed them a slice, keep reading to learn all about dogs and watermelon.

Can Dogs Eat Watermelon?

Yes, your pup can enjoy a bit of watermelon.

“It is perfectly fine for dogs to eat small amounts of watermelon as a low calorie treat,” says Dr. Joseph J. Wakshlag, professor of clinical nutrition and sports medicine & rehabilitation at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Let’s remember that dogs should get less than 10 percent of their overall calories from any treat in general so as to not lead to imbalances in their diets.” 

Can Dogs Have Watermelon With Seeds?

Seedless watermelon is probably your best bet, but if you choose a watermelon that’s packed with seeds, it’s usually okay to still feed it to your pup. It all depends on the type of seeds in the watermelon and how many seeds there are.

“It’s best to remove seeds, as they are hard to digest and can cause stomach upset,” says Dr. Gabrielle Fadl, director of primary care at Bond Vet. “If a large amount of seeds is ingested, they could even cause an intestinal obstruction. This applies more to the hard, black seeds rather than immature (soft, white) seeds, although either can potentially cause an issue if too many are ingested.”

However, if you have a larger dog, obstructions are less likely to occur from seeds.

“Obstructions from seeds are unlikely to ever occur in larger dogs over 20 pounds. But if you can, I would avoid them so as to not cause GI upset,” adds Dr. Wakshlag.

Can Dogs Have Watermelon Rind?

While the flesh of watermelon is okay to give to your dog, do not give them rinds.

“The biggest issue is the rind – we have seen more than one dog who has gotten into the rind and eaten chunks of it develop obstructions or vomit up the chunks since they are very hard to digest,” explains Dr. Wakshlag. “This is a summer picnic hazard for sure – keep the rinds in the compost bin and away from your dog, in general.”

Dr. Fadl adds that in addition to GI issues, watermelon rinds can also be a choking hazard for your pup. 

Can Puppies Eat Watermelon?

Your puppy can also enjoy watermelon, but just pay attention to the seeds and the overall amount of watermelon you’re feeding them 

“In general, puppies can have a small amount of treats (less than 10 percent of their daily calorie intake), which could include dog-safe fruits or veggies,” says Dr. Fadl. “However, puppies are smaller than adults and their bodies (including their digestive systems) are still developing. It might be best to stick with very small amounts, so they don’t fill up on watermelon and then skip their nutritionally balanced puppy food, and to avoid offering a lot of new foods in a short time frame as that could cause stomach upset.”

Dr. Wakshlag also notes that puppies may have a harder time than larger dogs digesting seeds, so it’s best to take them out.

Benefits of Watermelon for Dogs

Feeding your pup watermelon does have some added health benefits, like extra hydration in warm summer months.

“The high water content can certainly contribute to hydration, especially in the summer or when a dog is being active,” says Dr. Fadl. “Watermelon also contains a lot of nutrients, but is low in calories. All of this can potentially make it a great treat – but again, in moderation.” 

Precautions When Giving Dogs Watermelon

To reiterate, you should always avoid feeding your pup watermelon rinds, and be sure to keep the seeds to a minimum.

“Remove the rind prior to giving watermelon to your dog. Also remove as many seeds as possible (especially the mature black seeds),” says Dr. Fadl.

And if you are thinking of feeding your pup anything watermelon flavored (not the fruit itself), take extra caution.

“Watermelon flavorings can be totally different from the actual fruit and might contain toxic ingredients like xylitol,” says Dr. Fadl. “The information here about feeding watermelon to your dog applies solely to the actual fruit.”

If you have any concerns about feeding your dog watermelon, be sure to get advice from your veterinarian. “When in doubt, check with your vet. Although watermelon is safe for most dogs, there are always individuals who might not tolerate it,” says Dr. Fadl. “The fruit’s sugar content could make it less than ideal for diabetic dogs. And dogs with food allergies or sensitive stomachs should have a systematic method for introducing new foods, so a pet owner can know what does and doesn’t cause their symptoms to flare up.”

How to Give Dogs Watermelon

Planning to serve your pup some watermelon at your next summer shindig? Check out these simple tips.

Size accordingly. Dr. Fadl suggests that you cut the watermelon into chunks in a size that’s easy and safe for your dog to chew (based on their body/mouth size) while also removing the rind and as many seeds as possible.

Freeze it up. “It’s also possible to freeze chunks of watermelon, or to puree it and freeze it into ‘pupsicles’,” says Dr. Fadl. “There might be additional fun, dog-friendly recipes online – just be sure to double check that all ingredients are safe for dogs.”

Dogs and Watermelon: The Verdict

As long as you’re taking the correct precautions, your pup can safely enjoy a piece of watermelon every now and then, according to Dr. Fadl. “For most dogs, a bit of watermelon as a treat from time to time is perfectly fine.”

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But, you might be wondering, what about other nut butters besides peanut butter? Can dogs have almond butter? If you’ve replaced peanut butter with almond butter in your pantry and are wondering if it’s okay to give to your pup, you’ve come to the right place. 

Almond butter has started gaining popularity in recent years, as it provides a safer alternative to those with peanut allergies. This tasty, creamy butter is slightly healthier than peanut butter, as it has more minerals, fiber, and vitamins, but it’s similar in calories and sugar. 

Read on to find out whether or not almond butter is safe for your pet and what to consider when giving it to your dog.  

Can Dogs Eat Almond Butter?

First things first: is almond butter safe for dogs? Yes, it’s safe to feed your dog a small amount of almond butter as a treat occasionally. However, like peanut butter, it’s important to keep a few things in mind before reaching for this yummy butter for your pup.  

Almond butter is made from ground-up raw or roasted almonds, which offer several health benefits but are best consumed in moderation. Almonds are a source of vitamin E, fiber, and minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that boosts your dog’s immune system and helps keep skin healthy. However, almonds are also high in fat and calories. An ounce (around 23 almonds) has 165 calories. 

According to Dr. Jo Myers, practicing veterinarian at Vetster telehealth company, almond butter “doesn’t have any nutritional benefit” who are already eating a well-balanced diet. It presents a risk of weight gain and obesity, upset stomach (gastroenteritis), and pancreatitis, which is why it’s important to keep the quantity of almond butter small. “As the amount of almond butter goes up, so do the risks for problems,” Dr. Myers explains.

Additionally, Dr. Myers suggests that you should always check for any potentially toxic additives such as the sugar-free sweetener xylitol before giving almond butter to your pet. Xylitol is a natural substance derived from plants and is often used as a sugar alternative in candy, gum, and nut butters. It is extremely dangerous for dogs, causing low blood sugar and serious liver problems. 

Almond Butter Vs. Peanut Butter for Dogs

As we mentioned, almond butter is a little bit healthier than peanut butter, but honestly, the two nut butters are pretty similar when it comes to feeding them to your dog. Two tablespoons of peanut butter is around 200 calories, and the same applies to almond butter. 

In terms of canine nutrition, both nut butters are essentially equivalent, says Dr. Myers. She adds that either of these butters can interchangeably be given to your dog in small quantities every now and again. “Almond butter can be put in a stuffable toy, on a lick mat, in recipes for dog treats, or to hide a pill – essentially the same as how peanut butter is traditionally used,” she explains. 

One thing to keep in mind is that almond butter tends to cost more money than peanut butter, making it a more expensive treat alternative. 

Precautions When Giving Dogs Almond Butter

Because of the high caloric value, almond butter needs to be given to your dog in small quantities and only occasionally to prevent upset stomach or weight gain. Check the label to make sure it doesn’t have xylitol or other ingredients that may be harmful to your pup. 

Natural almond butter, without any additional ingredients, is a safer option. The only listed ingredients should be almonds, and in some cases, a bit of salt. Even better, look for almond butter that has been made from organic almonds. 

Expiration dates are helpful, but it’s crucial to check the food item itself to ensure it’s still safe to consume. “Food can be dangerously contaminated but still be in date, and food can remain safe to eat for months after the expiration date,” says Myers. “It’s more important to make sure it looks and tastes good, like something you would eat, and hasn’t spoiled.” 

Additionally, before giving almond butter to your canine, stir the contents thoroughly because the oil will usually separate and rise to the top. 

Although it’s uncommon, some dogs can be allergic to peanuts. In this case, before giving your pet any other nut butter, test them for allergies at the vet. 

How to Give Dogs Almond Butter

If you’re looking to swap in almond butter for peanut butter every now and then, here are some fun ways you can incorporate it into your dog’s diet: 

Dog Treats: Almond butter can be used to make dog biscuits or cookies. Combine one cup of almond butter with an egg, two cups of whole wheat flour, and a tablespoon of baking powder to make a mixture. Place small chunks of the dough (or cut out fun shapes using cookie cutters) on a baking sheet and bake them at 350°F for 20 minutes. You may also substitute wheat flour with oat flour. Sweet potatoes, pureed pumpkin, or bananas can be added for extra flavor and taste, depending on your pet’s preferences.  

Food Toys: Dogs need mental stimulation to keep boredom at bay, and a food-dispensing toy is a perfect solution. Scoop a bit of almond butter inside, or better yet, stuff the toy with a little yogurt or kibble, line it with almond butter, and freeze it. Voila! A refreshing (and time-consuming) snack for your pup.

Lick Mat: Licking peanut butter or almond butter off a rubber or silicone lick mat is useful to your dog in a number of ways. First, the act of licking this high-value food from the textured mat’s grooves and brittles helps relieve your dog’s boredom and/or stress. Secondly, it will help them stay occupied during activities such as bathing (just put one up on the wall and you’ve got yourself a preoccupied dog) and grooming/trimming nails. It also helps create positive associations with these activities, which are not always high on a dog’s list of favorite pastimes. Lastly, if you’ve got a puppy at home, using a lick mat can help them stay busy and burn off excess energy.

Pilling: Similar to using peanut butter to hide a pill, you can choose almond butter as a high-value treat to entice your dog to take medication. Place a dab of almond butter on your finger or a teaspoon, or use your fingers to roll it into a ball. Hide the pill inside and let your dog enjoy the tasty goodness.

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“The most common types of cancer affecting dogs are lymphoma and bone tumors,” explains Dr. Alex Schechter, DVM, founding veterinarian at Burrwood Veterinary. “Certain breeds of dogs are more prone to developing certain types of cancer. For example, Labrador Retrievers have a higher rate of liver cancer than any other breed of dog. This can be attributed to a breed’s genetic predisposition to certain types of cancer.” 

Dr. Kendra Pope, DVM, founding veterinarian of Prism Integrative Veterinary Health, has spent the last 15 years as a board-certified oncologist and training in holistic and integrative modalities. She believes the management and treatment of cancer in dogs requires a holistic approach, from conventional medicine to food therapy. 

While there is no magical dog cancer diet, there are some food recommendations and tips you can take into consideration. What follows is a guide to canine nutrition, cancer, and the science behind diets for dogs with cancer. Once you’ve taken it all in, chat with your veterinarian, veterinary oncologist, and veterinary nutritionist about the right approach for your individual pup. 

Dog Cancer Diet: Why It’s Important

Science is limited when it comes to fully understanding the role of nutrition and the management or treatment of cancer. But one thing we know from the study of cancer cells is that they metabolize certain foods better than healthy cells do. 

“It’s something called the Warburg Effect,” Dr. Pope explains. Essentially, cancer cells are much more efficient in using the energy of glucose and carbohydrates than a healthy cell is, which means certain diets could fuel the reproduction of cancer faster than some other diets might. The Warburg Effect and its use in slowing the progression of cancer is an active area of research [2]. 

Dr. Pope adds that a dog undergoing cancer treatment—like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation—experiences metabolic changes and likely benefits from an individually-tailored diet. The right diet also has the potential to reduce symptoms of the treatment and cancer, like increasing your pup’s energy level, decreasing inflammation, or settling an upset stomach. 

Best Food for Dogs with Cancer: Recommendations

If there’s one thing that Dr. Pope can’t stress enough, it’s that there is no one diet for dogs with cancer or even a recommended diet based on your dog’s particular cancer diagnosis. “Nutrition in general, and definitely when it comes to cancer patients, is all about individualized therapy,” Dr. Pope says. 

You won’t find a dog food labeled prescription diet for dogs with cancer. But we know cancer cells feed on glucose and carbohydrates while healthy cells readily feed on protein and fats. So, “we often recommend a dog with cancer be fed a diet that is lower in carbohydrates and higher in protein,” Dr. Pope says. 

Of course, your veterinarian will consider all of your dog’s dietary needs when making a recommendation—like a low-protein diet if your dog has kidney disease or a low-fat diet if the cancer affects the functions of the pancreas. 

“When we use diet as a catch-all, we’re really missing opportunities to provide patients with what they need on an individualized basis,” Dr. Pope adds.

Homemade Dog Food for Cancer

In addition to a low-carbohydrate and low-glucose diet, Dr. Pope encourages pet parents of dogs with cancer to feed a diet that is minimally processed and that uses whole-food ingredients. A homemade diet developed with a veterinary nutritionist is “much less inflammatory than commercially available foods,” she says. The culprit of inflammation in ultra-processed foods, she adds, is high amounts of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) (a glucose by-product) and lots of carbohydrates [3].  

A homemade diet gives you greater control of what your pet is eating, Dr. Schechter adds. But it’s not to say that it doesn’t come with a greater amount of work in the kitchen and expenses. Plus, the best homemade food for dogs with cancer (or any dog) is one that’s made in close coordination with a board-certified nutritionist for a complete and balanced meal tailored to your dog’s needs. A homemade diet made without such expert guidance is likely to be nutritionally unbalanced and may be harmful to your pet’s health and their ability to fight their cancer.

Best Commercial Dog Food for Cancer

Luckily for us and our pets, there have been huge improvements in the pet food industry that can provide dogs with cancer an optimal diet. “Moving away from high-heat and ultra-processed diets to less processed whole food diets is really important,” Dr. Pope says. 

It’s not about recommending any one type of commercial dog food for cancer over another, but instead finding the most minimally processed food that a pet parent can afford and that is safe for the pet. Dogs with cancer likely have a compromised immune system from chemotherapy, steroids, or other reasons. The bottom line is that switching a dog who has been fed kibble their entire life to a raw diet when undergoing immune-suppressing treatment like chemotherapy would be a “recipe for disaster,” Dr. Pope says.

Instead, she says, reach for steamed or dehydrated dog foods if your dog is typically kibble-fed. Also on her list of recommendations are high-pressured processed or cold-pressured processed dog foods. “That means that they’re sterilized the same way juices are sterilized. There’s never heat applied and they use pressure to address any bacteria in the food,” Dr. Pope explains. “Any bacteria present is inactivated.” However, it is also important to remember that the nutrients in cooked foods are generally more digestible and dogs with cancer need all the nutrients they can get. 

What to Feed a Dog with Cancer Who Won’t Eat

First, talk to your veterinarian or oncologist about the changes you might expect to see in your dog’s appetite as treatment begins or the disease progresses. They may prescribe an appetite stimulant or anti-nausea medication to reduce your pup’s symptoms.  

Then, talk to your veterinarian and board-certified veterinary nutritionist about tweaking your dog’s diet. Frequent changes when your pet isn’t feeling well could lead to food aversion.

Switch up your dog’s diet. If approved by your veterinarian, try a different brand of food, texture, or processing method. When transitioning to a new dog food, always do so slowly, gradually adding more of the new food and less of your dog’s old one. 

Warm up your dog’s meal. A dog’s nose is many times more powerful than ours, but health conditions and medications can impact a pup’s super-smelling abilities [4, 5]. Because dogs rely on the sense of smell to provoke appetite, a loss of smell could mean no longer wanting to chow down on a favorite food. Warming up your dog’s meal could be enough to increase the odor and provoke an appetite. 

Add a topper. Who said adding a delicious topper that your dog will love can’t be nutritious? Toppers come in a variety of formats, from gravies and broths to powders and freeze-dried morsels. Try serving bone broth warm for an extra-enticing scent!

What to Avoid in a Cancer Diet for Dogs

Besides carbohydrates and glucose, certain nutrients or vitamins could interfere with your dog’s cancer treatment. This is individually based and depends on the type of treatment your dog is undergoing and other health conditions they may have. 

For example, some chemotherapies work by creating free radicals that kill cancer cells. Antioxidants are known for their free-radical neutralizing abilities—exactly what you don’t want during these free-radical-dependent cancer treatments. 

“Generally speaking, when we’re talking about antioxidants, if they’re coming from food sources the chances and strength of them interfering with chemotherapy is negligible,” Dr. Pope says. “The space where we need to be cautious, and mindful is when we’re talking about supplementing.” Bottom line, speak to your veterinarian before introducing anything new to your dog’s diet and always tell your oncologist about all the foods, medications, supplements, and treats your dog gets. 

Dog Cancer Diet: Other Tips and Advice

Whether your dog has been diagnosed with cancer, is in remission, or you want to feed your dog a diet that has cancer-preventing properties, “we would still reach for the same things,” Dr. Pope says, as we would for people. In the case of adding in beneficial supplements like mushrooms or turmeric, “we would just do it in much lower doses,” she adds. 

The most important takeaway about nutrition and your dog’s health is to work with a trusted veterinarian and board-certified veterinary nutritionist for an individualized plan. “It’s really important for pet parents and veterinarians to find people they trust to collaborate with,” Dr. Pope says. “Pet parents can go it alone, but as you can imagine, there’s a risk they can potentially do harm, or the results are not going to be as good as if they had a professional working with them.”

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Whether you have an olive tree in your backyard or have been tempted to give in to your pup’s begging when you’re eating a few olives on your cheese board, you may have wondered: can dogs eat olives? 

Continue reading to find out whether or not dogs can eat olives, any possible benefits or risks of feeding dogs olives, and everything you should know before you give one to your dog. 

Can Dogs Eat Olives? 

Yes, dogs can eat olives in moderation. This fruit isn’t toxic to dogs. However, if you are going to feed olives to your dog, you need to pay close attention to how these olives are packaged. 

Olives come in many different colors, they can be pitted or unpitted, soaked in brine, oil or alcohol, and stuffed with pimentos, cheese, garlic and more. With so many varieties available it’s important for pet parents to know what types of olives are ok for dogs. 

Can Dogs Eat Black Olives? 

Yes, dogs can eat black olives. Most black olives are just green olives that have had more time to ripen before they are picked. The important thing to note if you are going to feed your dog olives is that they should never contain pits. 

Can Dogs Eat Green Olives? 

Your pup can also enjoy an occasional green olive. Green olives often come stuffed with pimento peppers. These peppers are not spicy and are also non-toxic to dogs. 

Can Dogs Have Olive Oil? 

In general, feeding olive oil to dogs isn’t recommended if your dog is already eating a complete and balanced commercial diet. Olive oil is the concentrated fat that comes from pressing olives. For this reason, olive oil is much higher in fat and calories per serving than the olive fruits. 

Olive oil does contain many unsaturated fats that are linked to health benefits in humans and it may be recommended by your veterinarian if your dog is recovering from a condition called bile stasis. 

However, since it is pure fat, feeding olive oil to your dog can quickly lead to unhealthy weight gain. Olive oil may also lead to an upset stomach in your dog, or possibly pancreatitis, a potentially life-threatening condition. If you choose to feed your dog olive oil make sure to first speak with your veterinarian. Also make sure to give your dog only unflavored olive oil as some flavored olive oils may contain irritating spices or toxic garlic or onion. 

Dangers of Olives for Dogs

You should never feed your dog olives with pits. The pits are extremely hard and can easily crack a tooth. The pits can also pose a choking hazard or end up causing an intestinal blockage in dogs, especially in small breeds. 

You also shouldn’t feed dogs olives packed in oil. Olives are already naturally high in fat and calories and feeding olives that are packed in oil can make them even more so which may lead to stomach upset, weight gain, or pancreatitis. 

Some olives come packed in vermouth, a type of drinking alcohol. Alcohol is toxic to dogs and alcohol-soaked olives should never be fed. 

Stuffed olives can pose other health risks to dogs. Olives that are stuffed or packed with garlic, onions, or shallots should not be fed to dogs as these ingredients are toxic and can cause their red blood cells to burst. 

Benefits of Olives for Dogs

There have not been many studies looking at possible benefits of feeding dogs olives. Some pet foods contain olive oil as a source of fat. However, based on studies in humans, it is possible that olives may have some health benefits for dogs. In humans, olive oil has proven benefits for heart health and it may help to prevent breast cancer and type 2 diabetes. 

In dogs, common misconceptions are that feeding olive oil to your dog or rubbing olive oil on your dog’s coat will lead to a healthier skin and coat. This is not recommended by veterinary dermatologists and feeding your dog fish oil is recommended instead. 

Olives are rich in antioxidants and other healthful plant compounds that may provide benefits to dogs, but olives shouldn’t be consumed in quantities high enough for this to make an impact on your dog’s overall health. This being said, an olive is a healthier treat option than, say, a piece of cheese or hot dog. 

Precautions When Feeding Olives to Dogs

As previously stated, should you choose to feed your dog olives, they should be pitted, should not be packed in any oils, spices, or alcohol and generally shouldn’t be stuffed–unless pimento-stuffed. 

Because olives don’t generally taste good straight from the tree, they must be cured and this process usually involves infusing them with a high amount of salt. For this reason, olives are fairly high in sodium. You should avoid feeding your dog excess sodium as this can be harmful, especially if your dog has certain health conditions like heart disease. 

Given their small size, olives are fairly high in calories and fat, with a single olive containing between five and fifteen calories depending on its size. Feeding your toy breed two olives per day in addition to her regular food could very quickly lead to weight gain. As a rule of thumb, you should only feed a single olive here and there to small dog breeds and no more than about four olives to large breeds. 

Dogs that are prone to stomach problems and those with a history of pancreatitis should not be fed olives. 

Make sure to speak with your veterinarian before feeding your dog olives if your pet has any health issues and, just like with any new food, start with a very small amount to ensure your dog tolerates this occasional treat. 

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As it turns out, the short answer is: It depends. However, if your dog has eaten some corn and you’re worried about their health, or even if you’re just considering adding corn to your dog’s diet, you’ll need more than that.

That’s why we asked a veterinarian to clarify if corn is good for dogs, or if you need to avoid feeding corn to them altogether. So here’s everything pet parents need to know about dogs and corn.

Can Dogs Eat Corn?

Yes, you (and your pup) may be happy to hear that dogs can safely eat corn.

“Corn is typically considered non-toxic for dogs and is safe for them to consume,” says veterinarian Dr. Tina Wismer, DVM, Senior Director of the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. 

However, what you put on your corn or how you feed corn to your dog could be a health concern. So here’s a helpful guide that answers the questions pet parents most commonly ask about feeding dogs corn. 

Can Dogs Eat Corn on the Cob?

While corn itself isn’t hazardous to dogs, if you want your pup to enjoy fresh corn on the cob, you should know that feeding your dog this summer staple could be risky.

“The biggest risk of feeding a dog corn on the cob would be the cob being ingested and causing a foreign body obstruction,” explains Wismer. 

She notes that if you do choose to feed your dog fresh corn, always cut the kernels from the cob to avoid the chance of obstruction. 

Can Dogs Eat Corn Cobs?

Even if your super-chewer is hankering to gnaw on some corn cobs, we repeat: Do not feed your dogs corn cobs. Opt for a more appropriate (and safe) dog chew or toy to occupy your pup. And take care to discard old corn cobs safely to prevent dogs who might be tempted to raid the garbage. 

“Corn cobs can also perforate the digestive tract if consumed by pets,” says Wismer. “Surgery is often required to remove these types of obstructions in most cases.”

You should also keep corn husks away from your pup, as they are difficult for dogs to digest.  

Can Dogs Eat Popcorn?

Popcorn is a super popular snack for humans, which means it’s more than likely your hungry dog might be right there at your feet, begging you for a few pieces. Popcorn can be a great snack to share with your pet — if it’s properly prepared.

“Air-popped popcorn is only about 35 calories per cup, making it a great snack for pets,” says Wismer. “Popcorn pieces make it easy to toss your pup a snack throughout the day without loading them up on calories. Just be sure not to use any butter or salt on your dog’s popcorn.”

Butter and oils are high in fat, which could cause gastrointestinal distress, or even lead to more serious problems like pancreatitis or dog obesity. 

Finally, it’s not only what’s on your popcorn or how it was prepared that could endanger your pet. Popcorn packaging can pose a suffocation hazard if your dog gets hold of an unattended snack bag, according to the Food and Drug Administration.²

Can Dogs Eat Canned Corn?

Dogs can eat canned corn, but Wismer warns to watch for the sodium content in prepared foods, which can vary widely. Salt is often added to canned foods as a preservative, which can negatively affect your dog’s health.  

Can Dogs Eat Baby Corn? 

Fun fact: Baby corn is just corn that has been picked before it’s matured into your regular ear of corn on the cob.³ While the cob isn’t hard or big enough to present a choking hazard, baby corn often comes in a can or brined. So, like canned corn, it could be loaded with salt, making it a poor choice for your dog’s health. 

Is Corn Good for Dogs?

Nutritionally, corn holds a lot of positive health benefits for your pup. It is a whole grain, which means it’s a high-quality complex carbohydrate, which helps provide dogs with energy. Fresh corn is also a great source of nutrients such as phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, potassium, and folate. Dogs can eat corn raw or cooked. Another bonus: Corn is loaded with fiber, which is beneficial to your dog’s gut and digestion.

Is Corn Bad for Dogs in Dog Food?

In recent years, you may have noticed a growing trend toward grain-free dog food diets. Kibble, in particular, has come under scrutiny, because some manufacturers load it up with inexpensive grains to reduce costs. Some manufacturers claim that grain-free dog food is also beneficial to dogs with food sensitivities or allergies. 

This has caused some pet parents to wonder if corn is being used as a “filler” in their dog’s food and whether it could harm their dog’s overall health and nutrition.

However, Wismer says that corn is seldom the cause of dog health issues, and you don’t need to avoid it in dog food specifically.

“Since dogs are omnivores, they can eat both meat and plants. A corn-free diet is a nutritional fad similar to paleo-type diets in humans,” explains Wismer. “Most allergies in dogs are due to the proteins, not grains.”

However, if you are concerned about corn in your dog’s food, you can check to make sure your dog food meets the nutritional standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), as well as discuss feeding options with your veterinarian.

Precautions When Feeding Corn to Dogs

To recap and reap the biggest benefits from feeding your dog corn, here’s what petty parents need to know:

• It’s fine to feed your pup fresh corn kernels (carefully removed from the cob) and plain air-popped popcorn. In fact, this multi-functional ingredient could provide your pup with a nutritional boost.
• However, Wismer cautions against feeding your dog corn that is covered in butter, oil, or salt, as well as canned types of corn. Also, do not give your dog an entire ear of corn on the cob to munch on. That safety tip can help you avoid a trip to the emergency vet, as well as the risk of the cob obstructing your dog’s digestive tract. 
• Be sure to properly dispose of corn cobs (as well as the husks) if you plan to enjoy fresh corn on the cob near your pup. And always restrict your dog from food waste or garbage cans that could contain harmful foods or packaging. 

If you keep these helpful guidelines in mind, you can snack safely with your corn-loving canine companion!

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With so many choices available, it can be hard to know if you’re making the right dietary decisions for your dog — and there are several pitfalls pet parents can fall into when it comes to feeding their pets.

Great Pet Care spoke with two experts about typical dog food mistakes: Dr. Gabrielle Fadl of Bond Vet in New York City and Dr. James Cellini of Ocean State Veterinary Specialists in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. Here’s are their thoughts:

Mistake #1: Falling for Marketing Traps

Dr. Fadl says one of the most common mistakes pet parents can make is to select dog food with savvy marketing but without nutritional claims that can be verified.

“What you realize very quickly when you’re going to look for a pet food is that there are hundreds and hundreds of options and not a ton of information that’s reliable,” says Dr. Fadl. “Any person or group of people can come together and create a diet and sell it on the market, and they don’t need to pass any guidelines or standards in order to produce that diet. So they can claim lots of things such as being natural or holistic, and none of it actually means anything.”

Dr. Fadl says to look for veterinary-formulated dog food, which generally means that a veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist has approved the food for its nutritional content. She says you can also look for dog food with a nutritional adequacy statement from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), which ensures the quality and safety of dog food.

Of course, it’s also helpful to check in with your veterinarian or a veterinary nutritionist about your dog’s diet, especially during puppyhood and older adulthood, says Dr. Fadl. She says you should also seek dietary advice if your dog is experiencing gastrointestinal issues, itchy skin, or another problem.

Mistake #2: Not Feeding For Your Dog’s Life Stage 

Puppy food, adult food, senior food — do these labels matter?

Dr. Fadl says it is essential to feed your dog food appropriate for his or her age.

“Their nutritional needs change as they grow,” says Dr. Fadl. “Puppy diets also tend to be more fatty and more calorie dense, and so feeding an adult dog puppy food will oftentimes result in a pretty chubby dog fairly quickly.”

Dr. Cellini agrees that it’s necessary to get your dog food tailored for his or her age — but adds that you shouldn’t stress if you’re a few weeks or months past the recommended range.

“I would not worry about that one,” he says. “What’s more important are the extremes. I wouldn’t give a 14-year-old dog 6-month-old puppy food.”

Mistake #3: You Give Your Dog Too Many Table Scraps or Treats

You’re eating dinner. Your dog plops down beside you and gives you puppy-dog eyes you can’t resist.

“I’m certainly guilty of treating my dog to a little something of what I’m eating,” says Dr. Fadl, “of course, making sure that it’s safe and not a toxic food, but you know in general I think a little taste here and there is okay.”

But what and how much you give your dog matters significantly. It’s important to research and avoid toxic foods (like chocolate and grapes), while giving all treats in moderation.

“I would stick to tiny small amounts as a little treat,” she says. “Just like us, when the majority of your diet is becoming donuts and sweets more so than healthy balanced foods, that’s when it really becomes a problem.”

Regarding commercially-sold treats, Dr. Fadl recommends that pet parents follow the daily recommended amounts to give their dogs.

If your dog does get too many table scraps or treats, he or she risks becoming obese, which can lead to other health problems, says Dr. Cellini.

“When you’re giving them these treats left, right, and center all day those calories add up,” says Dr. Cellini. “And it’s not too dissimilar from me or you just adding in a couple of Snickers bars every day.”

If you cannot control how many treats your dog is getting —  for instance, if a child in your household gives your dog more than he or she should — you can cut down on how much food the dog gets at meals, says Dr. Fadl.

Mistake #4: You’re Generally Overfeeding Your Dog

In addition to not giving your dog too many treats, you shouldn’t give him or her too much food at mealtime. According to a 2018 survey conducted by the Association of Pet Obesity Prevention, almost 56 percent of dogs are considered obese — and overfeeding is often to blame.

“It’s really important to maintain that ideal body weight in our dogs,” says Dr. Fadl. “They are susceptible to all the same illnesses people are with being overweight — diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, early joint disease, arthritis.”

Dr. Fadl says you should follow the instructions on the dog food packaging, which usually have recommendations based on a dog’s age, weight, and whether they are spayed or neutered.

“A lot of foods can vary greatly based on the brand … in terms of how many calories are in each serving,” she says. “So it’s hard to say that a dog that is five pounds should eat one cup because it really just depends on the diet they’re eating. Just follow the guidelines on the food.”

Mistake #5: You’re Storing Your Dog Food All Wrong

Believe it or not, there are right and wrong ways to store dog food.

“Most big brands recommend keeping it in the bag rather than the plastic because I think there is a tendency for the food to spoil when it’s not in its original container,” says Dr. Fadl.

If you do take the kibble out of its bag, make sure you put it into an airtight container, she adds. And if you’re giving your dog wet food, don’t forget to check the expiration date on the food and follow storage instructions for any wet food that’s left over.

Even if you do opt for a different storage option, it’s important to keep the original packaging on hand. This can help you check the packaging if a pet-food recall happens. 

Mistake #6: You Switch Your Dog’s Food Too Quickly

Humans might get bored eating the same thing each day — but Dr. Cellini says that dogs will not. So you don’t need to feel guilty about feeding your dog the same thing every day.

But if you decide to change your dog’s food for some reason, you should slowly mix the old and new food, says Dr. Cellini.

“You just don’t want to do it all at once … because then, a diet change can cause them to get a real upset stomach, and you’re back to square one,” he says.

Mistake #7: Not Getting Guidance on Homemade Dog Food

OK, but maybe you don’t want to buy pre-made dog food. Perhaps you’re the kind of pet parent who wants to make homemade food for your dog. But can you ensure your dog gets everything he or she needs with a home-cooked meal?

Dr. Cellini says it is possible to keep your dog healthy on a homemade diet but that you should seek advice from a veterinary nutritionist to ensure you’re doing it right.

“The problem is it’s really easy to get deficient in one or two micronutrients or macronutrients,” says Dr. Cellini. “Basically, you’re trying to play chef with a different species.”

He adds that a veterinary nutritionist can also be helpful if you’re looking to feed your dog other alternative diets, such as a vegan or raw food diet.

“A lot of times, nutritionists will just do phone consultations with you, so you don’t have to bring your dog to a clinic that’s an hour away,” he says.

Conclusion: Avoiding Dog Food Mistakes

Whatever you do, you must make informed decisions regarding your dog’s diet. If in doubt, talk to an expert.

“There are a lot of diet options out there, and it’s very easy to feel overwhelmed walking into a pet store or pet supply store and just being bombarded by people’s opinions,” says Dr. Fadl. “Be careful where you get the information. I think a vet is always the best source of information.”

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Certain foods like chocolate are well-known no-nos for dogs. The risks of other foods are not as obvious, such as food that is on the spicier side.

Dogs are able to pinpoint foods that are salty, sweet, sour, and bitter (and they seem to have a particular affinity for cheese, cream, and butter), but can dogs taste spicy food? And if so, can dogs eat spicy foods?

Read on for everything you need to know about dogs and spicy food, as well as what to do if your pup isn’t feeling well after eating some.

Can Dogs Eat Spicy Foods?

“Yes, but that doesn’t mean they should eat spicy foods,” says Dr. Hunter Finn, a Texas-based integrative veterinarian.

Well-seasoned and fatty foods — which are often on the spicier side — can cause serious issues and even be toxic for dogs. So while it may not always be the actual spiciness of the food itself that’s harmful to dogs, dogs and spicy food generally do not mix.

Can Dogs Taste Spicy Food?

Yep, dogs can indeed taste spicy food, but in a slightly different way. “Similar to humans, dogs have the ability to detect capsaicin, the spicy part of peppers,” says Dr. Ashley Navarrette, a clinical assistant professor and director of primary care services at Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine.

When it comes to human favorites like salsa and chips or Indian food, studies suggest dogs may experience the hot scent of the peppers more than the spicy zing we love. That’s because, unlike us, a dog’s sense of smell is much stronger than their sense of taste.

While just how powerful a pup’s nose is can vary by breed, the average canine generally has around 125 million odor receptor cells. Bloodhounds — the reigning champs of super-sniffers — rock an astounding 300 million, according to research. Compare that to our measly 5 to 10 million, and it’s no wonder our canine companions taste more by sniffing. All in all, their sense of smell is about a thousand times more sensitive than ours. 

“Due to a dog’s heightened sense of smell, they may actually experience the burning sensation just by smelling spicy foods,” says Dr. Navarrette.

But do dogs like spicy foods? As stated above, dogs can categorize tastes and have a strong sense of taste for water — a helpful adaptation for survival in the wild. However, there’s no proof they’re particularly attracted to hot peppers or tabasco sauce.

Is Spicy Food Bad for Dogs?

According to Dr. Navarrette, most spicy foods like those with pepper or chili powder aren’t toxic to canines. But whether dogs can eat spicy foods (and should eat spicy foods) is a different story.

Spicy food can irritate a dog’s mucosal linings (the moist, mucus-producing surfaces of the mouth and GI tract). This could lead to signs of distress like drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, a dip in appetite, upset stomach, and dark, bloody stool. Obviously, these are side effects neither of you want.

An even greater concern is other ingredients that also tend to be found in spicy foods, says Dr. Navarrette. For example, avoid feeding your dog treats that contain onion, garlic, and chives. This includes spice rack versions like garlic and onion powders. These ingredients can damage a dog’s red blood cells due to a disorder called hemolytic anemia. Warning signs to look out for include confusion, fatigue, and pale gums. This condition may also be associated with vomiting, dark urine, and/or jaundice (yellowing of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin).

High-fat foods are also major no-nos, so it’s best to ignore your pup’s pleas for a taste of your fried chicken or cheeseburger and just enjoy it yourself. Fatty foods are a leading cause of pancreatitis in canines, says Dr. Finn. Pancreatitis is a condition that can cause the pancreas to become inflamed and lead to potentially life-threatening damage to your pet’s intestines. Alarm bells should go off if your dog is vomiting uncontrollably. In this case, it’s time to get emergency veterinary care ASAP.

While a few chips here and there are unlikely to hurt your dog, high amounts of salt can be toxic to canines. Sodium ion poisoning is also cause for action and can look like excessive thirst, diarrhea, seizures, and vomiting.

As is always the case, you’re better safe than sorry when it comes to addressing concerns about something your dog’s eaten. If you’re worried that they’re not acting like themself or notice any of the above red flags, contact your veterinarian to determine next steps. Depending on the details of your situation, they may ask you to watch and wait or have you come in for immediate medical attention.

Dogs and Spicy Food: The Verdict

It’s best to avoid giving your dog spicy foods of any kind. The joy of sharing table scraps just isn’t worth the discomfort it could cause your pet or the cleanup afterwards. This is especially true considering many spicy foods also include ingredients that are toxic for dogs.

Of course, this doesn’t mean you can’t treat your pup to some tasty human food from time to time. But stick with veterinarian-approved whole foods like certain fruits and vegetables in small portions. “If you wish to share some of your food, it’s best to stick to safe treats such as blueberries, slices of apple, carrots, or cucumber slices,” says Dr. Navarrette.

When in doubt, remember this mantra, courtesy of Dr. Finn: “The blander the food, the better for your pets.”

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These days, graham crackers are a staple ingredient for s’mores and school lunches – and, dare we say, the perfect pairing with peanut butter.

If you’ve found yourself munching on graham crackers and felt tempted to feed one to your begging pup, you’ve probably wondered: “can dogs eat graham crackers?” Or even, “are graham crackers bad for dogs?”

These are smart questions for any pet parent to ask themselves. After all, there are many foods that are toxic to dogs. So where do graham crackers fall on the scale of safe to dangerous? Here’s everything you need to know about dogs and graham crackers.

Can Dogs Eat Graham Crackers?

Short answer: yes!

“Graham crackers are not bad for dogs, but they also contain ingredients that pets don’t need (like honey and sugar) and are a little higher in calories than an equivalent crunchy dog biscuit,” says Dr. Danielle Bernal, global veterinarian with Wellness Pet Food. “For these reasons, they can be best thought of as ‘okay’ for a one-off treat.”

She adds that in general, it’s best to give dogs a lower calorie, meat-rich treat, which is the better alternative for a dog’s health and wellbeing. But if you happen to be eating a graham cracker and a piece falls on the ground, your pup can go ahead and enjoy!

Can Dogs Eat Honey Graham Crackers?

Yep, graham crackers with honey also get a thumbs up from Dr. Bernal.

“These are okay as a one-off treat, but there are better alternatives that will deliver less calories and better-quality ingredients that support dogs’ nutrition,” she says.

Honey is generally safe for dogs in small amounts.

Can Dogs Eat Cinnamon Graham Crackers?

Not to worry! If your pup downs a graham cracker with cinnamon, you’re in the clear. According to the Pet Poison Helpline, cinnamon is not toxic to dogs. They do note that it may cause negative effects if your pup ingests greater than 1 teaspoon of cinnamon powder – but keep in mind that’s way more than what may be sprinkled on your graham cracker.

Are Graham Crackers Good for Dogs?

Okay, so we’ve established that dogs can eat graham crackers, but it’s important to call out that ultimately, graham crackers are not good for dogs.

“There are no toxic ingredients in graham crackers, but they are higher in calories than other dog treats and are not complete and balanced,” says Dr. Bernal. “So keeping these treats in moderation is a good rule of thumb to ensure the health of your dog.”

She points out that pet parents should make sure that any treat (graham crackers included), should not contribute any more than 10 percent of total nutritional intake. 

“For a 22 pound dog, their approximate intake is 400 calories a day. So if one graham cracker rectangle is 59 calories, that 10 percent rule means that they should only receive closer to 2/3 of that cracker,” adds Dr. Bernal.

Since graham crackers are higher in sugar, they can also be a problem for dogs who are overweight, obese, or dealing with diabetes.

“Sticking to a moderate serving is key to ensure pets maintain a healthy weight,” says Dr. Bernal.

Plus, the sugar in graham crackers also isn’t great for your dog’s teeth since it can lead to tooth decay.

And if you find yourself eating sugar-free graham crackers that contain the artificial sweetener xylitol, do not feed these to your pup, as xylitol is toxic to dogs.

Another thing to consider: if you are making s’mores with your graham crackers, be sure that your dog does not get a hold of one. 

“Chocolate can be toxic for dogs, and marshmallows certainly aren’t good for dogs,” says Dr. Bernal. “Made from sugar, corn syrup, gelatin, vanilla extract, and coated with either cornstarch or confectioners’ sugar, marshmallows contain very little, if any, nutritional value or health benefits for dogs.”

Graham Crackers and Dogs: The Verdict

Bottom line: if you drop a graham cracker and your dog scarfs it down, you don’t have to worry that they will get sick. However, you shouldn’t get in a habit of regularly feeding graham crackers to your dog. Stick to treats made specifically for them when you can.

“Dogs aren’t little people,” says Dr. Bernal, “so keeping them on dog biscuits instead of graham crackers is always a good idea.”

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You may be wondering whether you can let your dog eat figs. We’ll answer this question, plus explore the potential benefits and risks of figs for dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Figs? 

Yes, dogs can enjoy fresh figs as an occasional tasty treat. However, pet parents must take caution to feed figs in moderation and watch for signs that their dog may have a sensitivity to this fruit. 

Can Dogs Eat Dried Figs? 

It is generally not advisable to feed dried figs to your dog. Although they have a higher concentration of vitamins and minerals, they are much more concentrated in sugars and higher in calories than their fresh counterparts. Dried figs are also very chewy and could potentially pose a choking hazard for dogs or stick to the roof of their mouth or to their teeth.

Can Dogs Eat Fig Newtons? 

You should not feed Fig Newtons or any similar fig cookies to dogs. Aside from figs, Fig Newtons contain added sugars. Regularly giving your dog sugary foods can cause dental cavities and can lead to obesity. 

Benefits of Figs For Dogs

Figs do have some properties that may be beneficial to dogs. Figs contain moderate amounts of fiber that can benefit your dog’s digestive system by promoting a healthy microbiome and helping to keep the gut moving. It isn’t surprising then that a recent study showed that feeding fig paste to dogs alleviates constipation (2). Figs also contain potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, and copper. In addition, figs contain numerous beneficial plant compounds called phytochemicals. These beneficial compounds are likely responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties possessed by figs (1). 

Are Figs Bad for Dogs? 

While feeding your dog a fig here and there may be a tasty and healthy treat, there are some concerns with feeding figs to dogs. 

Figs are naturally high in sugars and are not a low calorie treat. For this reason, it is important not to go overboard on figs, as they may lead to caloric excess and may unbalance your pet’s diet if fed regularly. 

Treats or foods that are regularly fed in addition to a commercially prepared complete and balanced dog food should never make up more than 10 percent of your dog’s diet. One small fresh fig contains around 30 calories. A 60-pound Labrador could eat up to two small figs per day without a problem, as long as that was the only snack added to his diet. However, an 8-pound Chihuahua shouldn’t receive any more than half a fig in a day. For this reason, if your dog needs to shed some pounds, lower calorie snacks such as green beans or carrots would be a better option. 

Dogs with diabetes should also not eat figs regularly due to their high sugar content, which can make it more difficult for them to keep a stable blood sugar and manage their condition. 

As with any food, some dogs may have a sensitivity or allergy to figs. When feeding your dog figs for the first time, start with a quarter sized piece and then give it a day or so to ensure your dog does not show any signs of stomach or intestinal upset before opting to feed him more of this fruit. 

Giving your dog too many figs could lead to diarrhea, due to the fiber content. Dogs should also never be allowed to chew on the fig leaves or branches or to come in contact with fig tree sap. The fig tree, while not toxic to dogs, does contain both skin and intestinal irritants, which can lead to rashes, vomiting, and diarrhea. 

As mentioned earlier, one of the reasons to avoid feeding dogs dried figs is that they may pose a choking hazard due to their thick and chewy texture. 

Figs and Dogs: The Verdict 

Figs are well tolerated by most dogs as an occasional and tasty snack. They may provide certain health benefits to your dog and could be a good way to alleviate occasional constipation. However, you should always consult your veterinarian prior to feeding any new foods to your dog and discuss any ongoing chronic conditions that may make figs a less than ideal option for your pet. 

The best types of figs to feed your dog are fresh figs. These are less calorically dense and lower in sugar per serving. Don’t feed your dog dried figs or Fig Newtons. Small dogs should be fed no more than half a fresh fig at a time, while larger breeds can enjoy two or three. In general, pet parents should feed their dogs figs no more than a few times per week. 

References

1. Salma, & Shamsi, Yasmeen & Ansari, Saba & Nikhat, Sadia. (2020). FICUS CARICA L.: A PANACEA OF NUTRITIONAL AND MEDICINAL BENEFITS. 10.5667/tang.2020.0001. 
2. Oh HG, Lee HY, Seo MY, et al. Effects of Ficus carica paste on constipation induced by a high-protein feed and movement restriction in beagles. Lab Anim Res. 2011;27(4):275-281. doi:10.5625/lar.2011.27.4.275

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Let’s discuss the science behind chocolate toxicity in dogs, what happens if a dog eats chocolate, and what you should do if you catch your canine companion with their paw in the metaphorical chocolate chip cookie jar.

Can Dogs Eat Chocolate?

No, dogs should absolutely never eat chocolate. Chocolate is a toxic food for dogs, and depending on your dog’s size and the type and amount of chocolate they ate, it could cause a serious medical emergency. 

While chocolate ingestion in dogs is rarely fatal, it can be if they eat enough. Even small amounts of chocolate can make your dog sick. 

Dog owners should avoid giving their dogs any people food that contains chocolate, or leaving their dog unsupervised around any tempting chocolaty goodies. 

Why Is Chocolate Bad for Dogs?

Chocolate is bad for dogs primarily because it contains two methylxanthines compounds: theobromine and caffeine. 

Theobromine poses a more serious risk to dogs, but both are problematic. Dogs cannot metabolize these compounds easily like humans, so they build up in their system and cause clinical signs of chocolate toxicity. 

Some chocolate varieties and candies are made sugar-free and sweetened using a substance called xylitol, which is also toxic to dogs. 

Types of Chocolate and Their Danger Levels

Different types of chocolate contain different levels of theobromine and caffeine. Below is a breakout of the types and the dangers they pose to dogs:

Dark Chocolate and Baker’s Chocolate: Chocolate varieties that are more pure, such as dark chocolate and baker’s chocolate, contain higher levels of these compounds, making them more dangerous for dogs than other types of chocolate. These chocolates are often used when baking and cooking, so pet parents should take extra precautions when working with dark chocolate. 

Milk Chocolate: Milk chocolate contains less theobromine and caffeine per ounce, but can still cause serious illness if enough is ingested. Keep milk chocolate candy away from dogs to prevent ingestion.

White Chocolate: White chocolate contains hardly any theobromine or caffeine, and is not nearly as dangerous as other chocolate varieties.

While milk chocolate and white chocolate contain less theobromine and caffeine, they do contain higher levels of sugar and fat. Although not necessarily toxic themselves, these ingredients can cause gastrointestinal upset and trigger serious illnesses like pancreatitis. 

What Happens if a Dog Eats Chocolate?

Ultimately, what happens if your dog eats chocolate will depend on their body weight, the amount of chocolate they ate, and the type of chocolate they ate. 

Both theobromine and caffeine affect nearly the entire body by increasing the heart rate, causing diuresis (increased urine production), dilating blood vessels, relaxing smooth muscle, and stimulating the nervous system. 

If your dog only consumes a small amount of chocolate (proportionately to their body size), the signs will likely be limited to the gastrointestinal system like vomiting and diarrhea. 

Larger doses of chocolate consumed by dogs will result in gastrointestinal upset in combination with more serious symptoms, such as:

• Panting
• Tremors
• Restlessness
• Increased heart rate
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Seizures
• Collapse
• Death

Symptoms of chocolate toxicity do not show up immediately. Since dogs do not metabolize theobromine and caffeine efficiently, they continue to build up as they are released by the digestive system, and signs of chocolate toxicity can continue to worsen over time. Without treatment, these symptoms can last for days as the affected dog’s body slowly breaks down the toxins.

Dog Chocolate Calculator 

If you know exactly how much chocolate your dog ate, what type of chocolate they ate, and your dog’s weight (in kilograms), it is possible to calculate whether or not they will develop any form of chocolate toxicity. 

Step 1: Determine Theobromine Per Ounce

Note: It’s best to always use the maximum amount of theobromine in your calculation so you don’t underestimate the dose. 

Step 2: Convert Pounds to Kilograms

To convert your dog’s weight to kilograms you divide their weight in pounds by 2.205. You can also use the chart below.

Step 3: Do the Calculation

Plug your numbers in using the following formula:

(Theobromine per ounce x ounces consumed) / Dog’s weight (in kilograms) = Dose of theobromine

Step 4: Understand Theobromine Dose Results

The result of your calculation can help you understand whether or not to go to the veterinarian. Any result greater than 20 mg/kg requires immediate veterinary intervention and treatment.

Chocolate Toxicity Calculation Example

Let’s say your dog weighs 22 pounds (or 10 kilograms), and you find out they ate a standard sized milk chocolate Hershey’s bar which is 1.55 ounces. 

Multiply the ounces of milk chocolate (1.55 ounces) by the concentration of theobromine in milk chocolate (58 mg/oz). This comes to 89.9 mg of theobromine consumed. 

Now you simply divide this number by your dog’s weight in kilograms (10 kg). So 89.9 mg of theobromine divided by 10 kilograms of body weight comes out to a dose of 8.99 mg/kg of theobromine. 

Here is the calculation example written out: (58 mg/oz x 1.55 oz) / 10 kg = 8.99 mg/kg.

At this dose, your dog will likely be okay, although you should expect them to have some vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or lethargy for a day or so since this is very close to the 10 mg/kg level of toxicity that causes gastrointestinal upset. 

What to Do If Your Dog Eats Chocolate

If your dog ate chocolate, do not wait and see whether or not they develop symptoms of toxicity. 

Start by calculating the ingested dose if you are comfortable using the directions above. If you are not comfortable performing the calculation or do not know how much chocolate your dog ate, call your veterinarian, the local emergency clinic, or Pet Poison Helpline for advice. Alternatively, you can simply bring your dog to a veterinary clinic or emergency veterinarian for evaluation and treatment if needed. 

Oftentimes, pet parents aren’t sure how much chocolate a dog ate, and a calculation of the dose they consumed isn’t possible. In these cases, it’s best to treat the dog quickly rather than taking a “wait and see” approach. 

When you are taking your dog to the veterinary clinic, be sure to bring any wrappers or packaging of what they ate, as that can help determine the maximum amount of theobromine they may have consumed. 

It’s always best to have dogs treated within the first hour of consumption, before digestion has taken place. This means the stomach contents can be emptied before the toxic compounds are released into their system. 

Treatment for chocolate toxicity can vary greatly depending on the dose a dog consumes, but starting treatment sooner rather than later always results in the best outcome for your pet and a lower cost to you. 

How to Prevent Chocolate Toxicity in Dogs

Chocolate toxicity in dogs can be easily prevented by ensuring that your dogs never have the opportunity to consume chocolate or chocolate-containing goodies. 

Here are some simple ways to keep dogs away from chocolate:

• Never leave your dog unsupervised in an area where chocolate is within reach.
• Teach your dog to “leave it” or “drop it” so you can intervene if you see them about to snack on dropped chocolate.
• Store all chocolate items on the highest shelf in a closed off pantry. 
• Put a dog gate at the kitchen door to keep dogs away from food.
• Do not leave tempting chocolate treats in decorative bowls or under the Christmas tree during the holidays. 
• Make sure your children and guests know that chocolate can be harmful to dogs so they don’t share anything potentially dangerous.

Dogs and Chocolate: FAQs

Can chocolate kill dogs?

Yes, if dogs consume chocolate in great quantities, they can die. However, death from chocolate ingestion in dogs is rare. Fast treatment can offer dogs a better prognosis and outcome. 

How much chocolate can kill a dog?

A fatal dose of chocolate for dogs is 100 milligrams of theobromine per kilogram of body weight. However, some dogs may die from smaller doses of theobromine. Different types of chocolate have different levels of theobromine. Dogs are more likely to die or experience serious complications if they consume dark chocolate, baker’s chocolate, or cocoa powder. 

Can dogs eat white chocolate?

While white chocolate is not as toxic as milk chocolate or dark chocolate, it is still not recommended for dogs. White chocolate contains high levels of fat and sugar, which can lead to pancreatitis and other gastrointestinal problems in dogs. 

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Dog parents might wonder: can dogs eat peanut butter, too? Even more important – is peanut butter safe for dogs? 

Below is some information on the benefits of this treat, and how to be sure it’s a good option for your canine companion. 

Can Dogs Have Peanut Butter?

Yes, dogs can eat a small amount of peanut butter as a treat every now and then. However, there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure this food will be safe for your pet. 

“Peanut butter, in general, is a fairly safe food item to feed your healthy pet that has no chronic, diagnosed medical disorder,” says Dr. Jodi Lynn Smith, a veterinarian at Animal Care Unlimited in Columbus, Ohio. “For pets with food hypersensitivity, certain (not all) allergies, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis, peanut butter is too high in fat and could trigger an inflammatory response in the gut.” 

It’s also necessary to avoid toxic ingredients like xylitol and chocolate that are added to some peanut butter. Peanut butter might contain salt and sugar that might adversely affect your pet’s health. Therefore, natural peanut butter without added ingredients is the best, safest choice to ensure your dog will have a safe and tasty treat. 

Remember, it’s always best to talk to your veterinarian before introducing a new food, especially if your dog has a medical problem or is overweight. 

Can Puppies Have Peanut Butter?

Puppies can eat small amounts of peanut butter just like adult dogs. Again, it’s best to consult with your veterinarian to be sure this treat is good for your puppy, and it’s important to avoid peanut butter that contains dangerous ingredients.  

Emma Passman, a pet food formulator and pet nutritionist who has been working in the pet food industry for 20 years, advises that a puppy’s digestion can be sensitive after weaning. For this reason, it’s wise to wait until he is at least 12 to 16 weeks old. 

She also recommends introducing peanut butter gradually and watching your puppy’s weight.     

Is Peanut Butter Good for Dogs?

Peanut butter can give your dog nutrients that may help support his overall health and energy. For example, it can provide your pet with protein and healthy fats, as well as nutrients like B vitamins and vitamin E. 

Despite these beneficial properties, stick with feeding your dog a small amount of peanut butter, keeping in mind that it’s best used as a special treat. 

While a small amount of peanut butter can be good for dogs, too much peanut butter can quickly lead to weight gain. Similarly, some dogs, such as those with a history of pancreatitis, are sensitive to high fat foods so peanut butter is not a good choice for them. Again, just make sure that there are no extra ingredients like xylitol.

Do Dogs Like Peanut Butter?

Many dogs love the taste of peanut butter. Generally, they go nuts for it. But every dog is different, so don’t assume that your companion will dig into his first serving of peanut butter. 

The only way to know if your dog likes peanut butter is by offering him some and seeing how he reacts. You might be surprised to discover that he doesn’t like it, or you might be able to use it in various ways, such as during playtime and training, to keep your dog happy. 

“In small amounts, peanut butter is a relatively safe food to feed your pet for good behavior, during training sessions, to help facilitate giving prescribed medications, and as an occasional treat,” says Dr. Smith.

Peanut Butter for Dogs: Types and Variations

The peanut butter you eat may not be safe for your dog to consume. “It’s always better to choose something very simple with very limited ingredients other than peanuts,” Passman advises. “Peanut butter containing a lot of salt should be avoided.” 

Consider the following to help ensure you select a dog-safe peanut butter:

Look for natural ingredients. Natural peanut butter that’s unsalted and doesn’t contain other ingredients, such as added sugar, is a good choice. If you prefer feeding your dog organic food, that’s an option too. 

Don’t skip reading the label. You might come across brands that make peanut butter for dogs, but don’t presume they’re going to be fine without checking the ingredients. Some of them might contain additional ingredients that may increase the amount of sugar per serving or be inappropriate for your dog’s diet. 

Consider making your own peanut butter. Homemade peanut butter can give you peace of mind because you’ll know exactly what’s in it, and it might be an affordable way of giving your dog the healthiest peanut butter possible. 

Avoid dangerous ingredients at all costs. Xylitol is a sweetener that’s found in a lot of peanut butters, but it’s toxic to dogs and can lead to death. Any peanut butter that contains this ingredient should NEVER be fed to a dog.   

Can Dogs Eat Crunchy Peanut Butter?

“Dogs can eat crunchy or smooth peanut butter, depending on their preference,” says Passman 

However, Dr. Smith recommends creamy peanut butter over crunchy options. “The small pieces of peanuts can become lodged in your pet’s teeth or gingiva and contribute to oral discomfort and periodontal disease,” she says.

Can Dogs Eat Peanut Butter and Jelly?

No, dogs should not eat peanut butter and jelly. Although your dog might be unaffected after secretly scarfing down a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, both Dr. Smith and Passman recommend sticking with plain peanut butter because jelly adds too much sugar to a dog’s diet. 

Can Dogs Eat Peanut Butter With Honey?

Some peanut butters contain honey, so you might wonder if it’s okay for your dog to have this combination. Honey isn’t toxic to dogs, but it’s not something you should actively feed your pup. Unfortunately, like jelly, honey can increase the amount of sugar that your dog consumes, so it’s best to avoid peanut butter with added honey. 

Can Dogs Eat Powdered Peanut Butter?

Yes! Powdered peanut butter is a great lower calorie option to give to your pup. Mixed with water, it has the same taste and texture as peanut butter with just a fraction of the fat calories. This is especially a good option for small dogs and those on fat-restricted diets.

How Much Peanut Butter Can You Feed a Dog?

When it comes to how much peanut butter your dog can eat, Dr. Smith recommends starting small and suggests a range between ¼ and 1 teaspoon. “Smaller dogs would get closer to ¼ teaspoon, while larger dogs could get a teaspoon,” she says.

If your dog tolerates the peanut butter well and doesn’t have any negative reactions, you can increase that amount, as long as it stays in line with your dog’s caloric needs and doesn’t make up a large portion of your dog’s diet. Peanut butter and other treats should make up no more than a total of 10 percent of your dog’s daily calories.

“I would not advise giving a larger amount to a dog that has never been fed peanut butter until small amounts can be reliably given without adverse effects,” says Dr. Smith.

Risks of Feeding Peanut Butter to Dogs

Dogs and peanut butter don’t always mix, so look for symptoms like digestive upset or allergic reactions. Examples include diarrhea, vomiting, and itching. 

Even if your dog isn’t allergic to peanut butter, if he eats too much of it, he might gain weight. Instead of giving your dog this food every day, make it a treat he can enjoy once in a while. 

This can’t be stressed enough: dangerous ingredients should be avoided. Two toxic ingredients to stay away from are chocolate and xylitol. “Human versions can contain ingredients not suitable for dogs,” says Passman, so review the ingredient label closely before feeding your dog peanut butter. 

3 Ways to Feed Peanut Butter to Dogs 

If your dog enjoys the taste of peanut butter, there are some fun ways to incorporate it into your routine as a special treat. Here are a couple suggestions for feeding your dog peanut butter:

1. Use peanut butter during playtime by adding some to your dog’s KONG toy, lick mat, or puzzle feeder. 

2. Give peanut butter as a reward during training sessions. “Loading a syringe is one way to help train your pet and deliver ultra-small doses of peanut butter,” says Dr. Smith.  

3. If you’re having difficulty medicating your dog, a small amount of peanut butter might be enough to hide a pill and ensure your dog swallows it with ease.  

Remember, peanut butter can be high in fat and calories. If you aren’t sure how many calories your dog should be consuming each day, ask your veterinarian for guidance. 

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There are many ways to introduce probiotics into your dog’s gut, from probiotic supplements to a dollop of yogurt added to your dog’s dinner bowl. But a growing number of manufacturers are offering dog food with probiotics already added into the formula.

Intrigued? Here’s everything you need to know about probiotic dog food and how it can help boost your dog’s digestion, nutrition, and overall health.

Do Dogs Need Probiotics?

About 70 percent of a dog’s immune system is contained in their gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also called the digestive tract or simply the gut (1). The gut microbiome is home to both “good” and “bad” bacteria. Probiotics are “good” bacteria that help support your pet’s digestive health, which, in turn, can boost the immune system. The key is to maintain the right balance. 

The composition of gut bacteria can fluctuate depending on what a dog eats as well as factors like stress or illness. And when that balance is off, your dog may experience any number of symptoms, from gassiness and loose stool to vomiting and gastrointestinal distress.

A regular course of probiotics can help maintain the optimal balance of bacteria in the gut to help keep your dog healthy and happy. 

What are Probiotics for Dogs?

When you think about probiotics in food, yogurt may be the first thing that comes to mind. Yogurt and other fermented foods contain two of the most commonly used probiotics, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. 

But such probiotic-rich foods may not always appeal to dogs’ palates. And often, “people food” with probiotics also contains added sugars or other ingredients harmful to dogs.

To make things easier on pet parents, probiotics for dogs are available in supplement forms, such as capsules, powders, chews, and pastes. But for ultimate convenience, dog food with probiotics can help ensure your pet is getting a consistent daily amount of gut-boosting good bacteria.

Some probiotic dog foods feature probiotic strains that specifically target a dog’s digestive tract. For example, certain foods contain Lactobacillus acidophilus, which can help improve stool quality, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium animalis, which can help with acute diarrhea (1).

“Dogs have a different gut microbiome than humans, and therefore, they need bacterial strains that are beneficial in their systems. This is why human probiotics are not helpful to dogs,” explains veterinarian Dr. Jamie Whittenburg, DVM, director of Kingsgate Animal Hospital in Lubbock, Texas. 

“There are many different bacteria used in canine probiotic supplements. I recommend looking for a product that contains more than one strain and is manufactured by a reputable company,” Whittenburg suggests. “A higher number of colony-forming units (CFU) is also desired as this will offer more beneficial bacteria to the gut.” 

If you are unsure which type of probiotic is best for your pet, contact your veterinarian for guidance, Whittenburg says.

How Does Probiotic Dog Food Work?

Some pet parents prefer probiotic dog food over supplements because it’s easy to give. In fact, some owners start their furry family members on probiotic dog food when they are still young. 

“Dog foods that contain probiotics have the advantage of convenience because you know your dog is consuming the product,” Whittenburg says. “Add-ins, capsules, and treats may be more difficult to have your dog eat. A probiotic that isn’t consumed will have no benefit. However, it highly depends on which bacterial strains are contained in the food versus other products.” 

If you’re wondering which dogs would benefit most from probiotic dog food, it depends on the dog’s overall health. “Probiotics can be beneficial for any dog, but may offer unique benefits for dogs with sensitive stomachs, food sensitivities, senior dogs with medical conditions such as cancer, dogs that have recently been ill, and dogs that have recently received antibiotics,” Whittenburg states.

Of course, every dog is different, and there could be some instances where probiotics may not be the answer to your dog’s stomach issues. “Probiotics are not a panacea,” Wittenberg warns. If you have questions about probiotics and your dog, speak with your veterinarian.

6 Benefits of Dog Food with Probiotics

While there has not been as much research into the impact of probiotics on pets as there has been on humans, many veterinarians agree probiotics can have a positive impact on a pet’s health.

Let’s take a closer look at the potential benefits of feeding probiotic dog food.

Digestive Support

Dogs with healthy digestive systems feel good, so they tend to act “normal” — eating, drinking, and having regular bowel movements without problems. However, dogs with chronic stomach problems may experience bad breath, frequent diarrhea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal issues. 

These are probably the most easily recognized reasons why a pet parent might consider probiotics for their dog. After all, if your dog often vomits or doesn’t want to eat, those are clear signs something’s off with your pet. 

Dog food with probiotics may improve your dog’s digestion, so they feel better. This includes promoting a balanced gut microbiome to support a healthy digestive system. 

Immune System Boost

It all goes back to the gut and brain connection. When your dog’s gut is healthy, your pup feels their best. If not, the gut sends warning messages to the brain. It’s not the gut’s fault it can’t interpret what’s a real threat and what’s not. That’s just the way the body is wired. Whether your dog is facing an actual predator or an unsettling change of routine, it’s all the same to their subconscious. It causes stress, and stress can impact the immune system.

According to Whittenburg, “Probiotics have been shown to improve a dog’s immune system…The exact mechanism is complicated, but in general, probiotics aid the cells of the immune system that recognize and destroy foreign substances (germs) as well as those that produce illness-fighting antibodies. For immune system support, I would recommend probiotics to dogs that are in stressful situations or have an illness, as both can suppress the immune system.” 

A good balance of dog probiotics means your pooch’s gut is better regulated, and therefore, their stress levels stay low, and the immune system is robust. A strong immune system also means healthy dog food benefits your pet more because their body is better able to absorb the nutrients. 

Calms Sensitive Stomachs and Treats Digestive Issues Due to Food Intolerances

Like people, some dogs have sensitive tummies and chronic GI issues. If your dog has a food intolerance, eliminating the trigger food can help. For example, if your dog suffers from tummy troubles and it turns out they’re sensitive to soy, and that’s an ingredient in their food, then changing their diet will help.

Dog foods for sensitive stomachs usually contain probiotics because they can help support a healthy gut. 

“Probiotics help improve the digestive system barrier and aid in the digestive process,” says Whittenburg. “A dog with a mild food intolerance, or one that has recently been administered antibiotics, may benefit from probiotics as they will repopulate the gut with beneficial bacteria, improving digestion.”

In other cases, if your dog is new to digestive issues, it could be because they’ve developed Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a leaky gut, or other gastrointestinal problems. Probiotic dog food may help support their digestive health.

Helps Reduce Flatulence

If your dog is prone to stinky gas, that may be a sign their digestive system isn’t happy. Gas and bloating don’t feel good for your dog and while releasing the gas is a relief to your pup,  it’s often unpleasant to anyone nearby. Common causes of gassiness in dogs include eating ingredients that are hard to digest and swallowing too much air when scarfing down food. A highly digestible dog food with probiotics might help reduce your dog’s gas, so you’re no longer wrinkling your nose due to doggy farts.

Helps Reduce Stress and Anxiety

Scientists have long studied the brain-gut connection in humans, and it turns out that connection exists in our pups too. Stressors like changes to your dog’s routine or separation anxiety could trigger symptoms of anxiety, including excessive panting, pacing, lip licking, and even tummy troubles like frequent diarrhea and vomiting. 

Such stomach upset is stressful, too. But probiotic dog food may help balance your pet’s gut biome, reducing the impact of stress on your dog’s stomach. 

Easier Cleanup of Waste

When you walk your dog, would you rather scoop up a normal poop or a messy one? Of course, less mess is best. But reducing loose stools isn’t just about easier cleanup. Improving the consistency of your dog’s poop can also improve their health. And—no surprise—probiotics play a part. 

“Probiotics have been shown to increase regularity of defecation and can be beneficial for dogs experiencing both constipation and diarrhea,” says Whittenburg. “The beneficial bacteria compete with any less desirable bacteria in the gut microbiome and help to regulate the transit time in the gut.” 

“There may be more stool to clean up, not less,” Whittenburg warns. However, when your dog’s digestive system is functioning well, they’re more likely to produce a consistent stool that’s not too terrible to clean up.

“I use probiotics in all dogs with diarrhea, to aid in repopulating the gut with beneficial bacteria and to repair their gut microbiome,” she notes.

Dog Food with Probiotics: What to Look For

When choosing the best probiotic dog food for your pet, here are a few questions to ask yourself:

Are live cultures important? In a word, yes. While ingesting living organisms might sound unappealing, they’re essential to gut health because the digestive system is constantly in flux, and they help keep it stable. When choosing probiotic dog food, choose a brand that uses live and active cultures.

What about prebiotics? If probiotics are living, then it makes sense they need a food source to thrive. Prebiotics are that food source, so you’ll want to look for them in your probiotic dog food, too.

Does the probiotic strain matter? Different species and strains of probiotics can offer different benefits. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus can aid in regular bowel movements.

Is cost a factor? Healthy ingredients usually cost a bit more, which reflects the pricing of quality dog food. However, probiotic dog food doesn’t typically cost more than other healthy dog foods, and it pays off in your dog’s long-term health.

If you’re considering transitioning your dog to a new probiotic food, many veterinarians and pet food manufacturers recommend introducing the new food slowly. 

This can be achieved by adding some of the new food to your dog’s existing food over a few days or weeks until they’re only eating the new food. An abrupt change in your dog’s diet can be too dramatic for dogs with sensitive stomachs and can cause more tummy troubles.

The post Dog Food With Probiotics: Benefits and Reasons to Try It appeared first on Great Pet Care.

You may have wondered if you can share this snack with your canine companion. Continue reading to discover more on feeding dogs cranberries, the potential health benefits cranberries may have for dogs, possible risks, and how to feed them. 

Can Dogs Have Cranberries? 

The short answer is yes, dogs can eat cranberries, but you must be careful about feeding them. Dogs can eat raw cranberries as an occasional treat. They are not known to be toxic to dogs and may even have health benefits. 

However, raw cranberries are extremely tart and a bit bitter, so your dog may not be a fan of this fruit. 

Can Dogs Eat Dried Cranberries? 

Dried cranberries can be given to dogs as a very occasional treat. But before you give your dog dried cranberries or any other dried fruit, ensure that it is free of raisins. Raisins and grapes are toxic to dogs. 

Also, pet parents should be aware that most dried cranberries contain added sugars. Just as in humans, added sugars should be avoided since they can cause weight gain and tooth decay. 

Can Dogs Have Cranberry Sauce? 

While it may be alright to share a piece of turkey breast with a bit of cranberry sauce with your dog at Thanksgiving dinner, feeding dogs cranberry sauce should generally be avoided. It is usually high in added sugars and some recipes may call for grape juice (which can be toxic to dogs). 

Can Dogs Have Cranberry Juice? 

Giving your dog cranberry juice is not recommended due to the high risk that it will contain grape juice. Next time you’re buying cranberry juice at the grocery store, a quick peek at the ingredients will reveal that most cranberry juices, even those that say 100% juice on the label, contain grape juice to help sweeten the juice. In addition, if the juice is not 100% juice, it will likely contain quite a lot of added sugar, which is not recommended for dogs. 

Are Cranberries Good for Dogs? 

Cranberries, like other berries, are chock full of health promoting nutrients. They are high in Vitamin C, which can help to improve immune function, acts as an antioxidant and is vital for bone health, among other things. 

These berries contain other antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which is why cranberries are thought to reduce the risk of cancer, intestinal diseases, and heart disease in humans [1]. Cranberries also contain fiber, which promotes a healthy digestive system and may help with weight management. 

You have likely heard that cranberries are used in people for promoting urinary tract health and cranberry supplements are widely marketed to humans that are at risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cranberries are thought to reduce the ability of E.coli, the bacteria responsible for causing most UTIs, to bind to the wall of the bladder and kidneys. For this reason, it is used to prevent the occurence of UTIs both in humans and dogs alike. 

However, in humans, research studies have shown mixed results on the benefits of cranberry supplements for UTIs [2]. In veterinary medicine, the current consensus is that there is not enough evidence to support the recommendation of cranberries or cranberry supplements for dogs that get frequent bladder infections [3]. However, due to the documented anti-infection properties of cranberries and the safety of cranberry supplements for dogs, many veterinarians still recommend cranberry supplements for dogs at risk for UTIs. 

When Are Cranberries Bad for Dogs? 

As stated previously, pure cranberries are safe for dogs but you should be careful when feeding your dogs cranberries. If dogs don’t chew the cranberries, they may pose a choking hazard. 

As with any new food, cranberries may upset your dog’s stomach, especially if you feed too many at one time. 

Cranberry supplements may not be appropriate for dogs at risk of developing certain types of bladder or kidney stones, so it is important to talk to your veterinarian prior to starting any supplements. 

Cranberries and Dogs: Helpful Feeding Tips

Whether you feed raw or dried cranberries to your dog makes a huge difference. For example, a cup of raw cranberries contains only 46 calories and 4 grams of sugar [4]. Meanwhile, ¼ cup of dried sweetened cranberries contains 123 calories and 29 grams of sugar [5]. For this reason, if you feed your dog raw or frozen raw cranberries, you can easily feed him a handful if you’ve ensured it won’t upset his stomach. If you choose to feed dried cranberries, only a few berries at a time should be fed and it would be a good idea to brush your dog’s teeth afterwards. 

Any cranberry products that may contain grapes, grape juice, raisins or artificial sweeteners should be avoided in order to keep your dog from ingesting toxins. Feeding more than tiny quantities of cranberries that have been sweetened should also be avoided as added sugars can lead to weight gain and cavities. 

If you believe your dog has eaten too many cranberries or has eaten cranberry products that may contain the above mentioned toxins, you should contact your veterinarian or a pet poison control hotline immediately for advice. 

References: 

1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Haiyan-Liu-2/publication/322366922_American_Cranberries_and_Health_Benefits_-_an_Evolving_Story_of_25_years/links/5b15aaf04585151f91fb0240/American-Cranberries-and-Health-Benefits-an-Evolving-Story-of-25-years.pdf
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24084925/ 
3. https://www.iscaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Urinary-guidelines.pdf
4. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171722/nutrients
5. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171723/nutrients

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Although boiling chicken for dogs seems like a straightforward task, you always want to be careful when you’re caring for a pup with digestive problems or handling raw poultry. Therefore, we asked expert veterinarians to share the advice they give their own clients in similar situations. 

Here’s your complete guide for how to boil chicken for dogs, with answers to all of the questions that could arise throughout the process. 

Boiled Chicken for Dogs: When to Use It 

There’s a range of scenarios when you might want to prepare boiled chicken for your dog, but the most common one is when he’s not feeling well. Senior dogs can suffer from vomiting or diarrhea for a variety of reasons, ranging from simple dietary indiscretion to an underlying hormonal imbalance. 

Unfortunately, vomiting and diarrhea are non-specific signs and can be linked to a variety of gastrointestinal problems or diseases, says Dr. Alex Schechter, a Detroit-based veterinarian. A new dog food, spoiled food, or intestinal parasites are just a few examples of what could be upsetting your dog’s sensitive stomach.

No matter the situation, it’s stressful, and you want to give your buddy the best care possible. 

The first step is always to consult with a veterinarian to determine whether you need to come in for a check-up. In many cases, the first move they’ll advise is switching to a bland or “beige” diet for a few days. 

“There are bland prescription diets, or owners can use boiled chicken and white rice if they want to cook at home,” says Dr. Schechter. This easy-on-the-stomach combination can help calm a dog’s intestinal tract and ensure he’s getting the nutrition he needs to make a full recovery from minor ailments. 

Just keep in mind that feeding dogs a bland diet of boiled chicken and rice is not meant to be a long-term meal plan because it’s not a complete and balanced diet. Any dog that eats chicken and rice for a prolonged period of time is at nutritional deficiencies, which may negatively impact their health. In senior dogs, changes in nutrient absorption may make this approach even more risky. Follow your veterinarian’s directions. If your dog does not make improvements on a bland diet after a few days, make sure to call your vet and schedule an appointment. 

But boiled chicken doesn’t just have to be reserved for when your dog isn’t feeling well. If your tail-wagger paces the kitchen while you make chicken stock, you also know chicken is a high-value and healthy treat you can use as positive reinforcement when dog training. 

How Long to Boil Chicken for Dogs

First thing’s first: it’s important to know your cooking time – whether you’re boiling frozen chicken for dogs or chicken from the fridge. Here’s your quick guide. 

• Boneless chicken breasts: 12-15 minutes 
• Chicken tenders: 12-15 minutes 
• Chicken thighs: 12-15 minutes
• Ground chicken: 15-20 minutes 
• Frozen chicken: Thaw first or boil 1.5x longer than usual cooking time 

Keep in mind that exactly how long you should boil chicken can vary depending on the size and thickness of the cut. To make sure it’s thoroughly done, insert a food thermometer into the thickest part of the chicken. Once it’s up to 165°F, it’s gotten hot enough to kill pathogens that cause foodborne illness (like Salmonella) and it’s safe to serve. 

Now that you’ve got your boiling time down, let’s get that chicken cooked. 

How to Boil Chicken for Dogs: 10 Steps 

Not a top chef? No worries! Learning how to boil chicken for dogs is easy, and we’ve got you covered every step of the way.  

To boil chicken for your dog, you’ll need: 

• Chicken
• A pot or saucepan 
• Colander or strainer 
• Cutting board 
• Knife or fork for shredding 

Once you’ve gathered all of your supplies, follow these instructions: 

Step 1: Put chicken in a pot, cover it with water, and place it on the stove.

Step 2: Cover the pot, turn it up to high heat, and bring it to a boil. 

Step 3: Let it cook according to the appropriate cooking time referenced above. 

Step 4: Turn off the heat and drain the chicken in a colander. 

Step 5: Place the chicken on a cutting board and check it with a kitchen thermometer to ensure it reaches 165°F. 

Step 6: Allow the chicken to cool to room temperature. 

Step 7: Chop the chicken into bite-size pieces or shred it with a fork. 

Step 8: Set aside enough chicken to feed your dog and place the leftovers in an airtight, sealed container. 

Step 9: Serve according to instructions from your veterinarian.

Step 10: Store the rest in the fridge. 

Feeding Boiled Chicken to Dogs

Once you’ve learned how to boil chicken for dogs, it’s time to serve it up to your pup.

If you’re giving your dog boiled chicken as part of a bland diet, follow your veterinarian’s instructions. Dr. Ole Alcumbrac, owner and chief of staff at White Mountain Animal Hospital in Pinetop-Lakeside, Arizona, recommends mixing white rice or plain pasta with chicken in a 2:1 starch to chicken ratio such as ⅓ cup of chicken and ⅔ cup of rice.  

Generally, you want to start reintroducing food to your dog very slowly. Some veterinarians may even advise no food — just water — for the first 12 to 24 hours. Dr. Alcumbrac suggests going up by 1 tablespoon increments per day for 1 to 3 days. “The goal here is just to get the gut moving without overloading it,” he says. “Once his stomach starts to settle a bit more back to normal, you can then wean him back onto his dog food.” 

Otherwise? If you’re preparing boiled chicken as a special reward or training tool for your dog, you’ve made a good choice. “It’s high in protein and low in fat, making it an ideal treat for dogs,” says Dr. Schechter.

But the key word is treat. It’s always best for the majority of your dog’s diet to come from a nutritionally-balanced dog food. Limit your pup to 2-3 small chicken pieces or ¼ to ⅓ cup of boiled chicken for every 20 pounds of bodyweight, says Dr. Schechter. 

Boiling Chicken for Dogs: Tips and Advice

As you prep chicken for your dog, these pro tips can help make your life easier and ensure you’re giving your pup the best meal for their special needs. 

Keep it simple. Bland chicken is a nightmare when you’re cooking for friends, but it’s ideal for our four-legged friends. Never add any spices, oil, butter, garlic, onion, or other ingredients to boiled chicken, as they could make your dog’s GI problem worse.  

Choose slim cuts. Opt for boneless, skinless chicken breasts or lean ground chicken when you can since they’re lower in fat and will be easier to digest.

Check the label. If you’re buying prepackaged chicken from the grocery store like shredded or cubed chicken, read the ingredients list to make sure it’s not marinated or pre-seasoned. 

Take steps to avoid getting sick. Raw chicken is sometimes contaminated with foodborne bacteria like Salmonella. To protect yourself and your pooch, use separate surfaces for raw and cooked chicken, use a food thermometer to ensure an internal temperature of 165°F, and wash your hands frequently.

Throw bones out. If you’re using bone-in chicken, strip the meat off carefully and don’t let your dog anywhere near the bones. Since they’re quick to splinter, chicken bones can be a choking hazard or puncture the GI tract – not what you want! 

Warm it up. Serve chicken or boiled chicken and rice for dogs warm, just as you’d like it. “This increases the aromatic factor and makes it more palatable,” says Dr. Alcumbrac. You can also add a little low-sodium chicken broth to up the flavor. 

Use within a few days. Cooked chicken is safe to store in your fridge and eat for 3 days. After that, toss it out or freeze it for up to 4 months. 

If you’re worried, contact your veterinarian. Most uncomplicated gut problems resolve on their own in 1 to 3 days. If your dog continues to have distressing symptoms or gets worse, don’t hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for help. Remember: it’s normal to be concerned, and you deserve professional support. An upset stomach can indicate an underlying medical condition, especially in senior dogs, so it’s best to reach out to your veterinarian if your dog’s signs are not resolving rapidly.

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A long-time popular meat substitute is tofu. You may have wondered: can dogs eat tofu? This article explains what tofu is, if you can feed it to dogs, any benefits and risks of feeding your dog tofu, and helpful feeding tips. 

What Is Tofu? 

Tofu originated in China over 1,000 years ago [1]. It is made by taking fresh or dried soybeans and soaking, boiling and straining them to produce soy milk. Then, calcium or magnesium salt is typically added to curdle the milk. The soybean curds are then pressed into tofu – a soft to firm, white substance.

Tofu has a mild taste and often absorbs the flavor of what it is cooked in. It has a spongy texture and is often pan fried or baked prior to serving.

Can Dogs Have Tofu? 

Tofu is non-toxic and safe to feed to most dogs. Dogs, like humans, are omnivores, meaning they can thrive on various foods, including animal and plant-based foods. 

You may wonder if feeding your dog a vegan or vegetarian diet is safe. While it is possible for a dog to eat a complete and balanced diet with plant-based protein, such as tofu, as the primary protein source, this would require the skill of a board-certified veterinary nutritionist to ensure that the diet contains the right amounts and balances of proteins, vitamins, and minerals [2]. Pet parents are advised to only feed tofu in moderation unless they are working with a vet nutritionist. 

Tofu comes in a wide variety of textures. It ranges from silken tofu, which has more of a yogurt-type texture, to extra-firm, which has a meat-like consistency. The main difference between tofu types is the water content and, therefore, the caloric density.

Silken tofu will contain fewer calories per serving than more firm types of tofu. For this reason, giving a small-breed dog like a Chihuahua a small amount of soft or silken tofu may be better than extra-firm tofu, as Chihuahuas have low daily calorie requirements due to their small size. 

Is Tofu Good for Dogs? 

Tofu can be a healthy addition to your dog’s diet as an occasional treat. Tofu is a complete plant protein, meaning it contains all nine essential amino acids. Depending on how the tofu is made, it can be a good source of calcium and magnesium. Tofu is a nutritionally dense food and has high amounts of iron, phosphorus, zinc and other nutrients with relatively few calories per serving. 

Tofu also contains isoflavones. These are compounds that may provide certain health benefits to dogs. Studies have shown that soy isoflavones may prevent weight gain and may aid in weight loss in dogs [3]. 

A soy-based diet may be recommended for dogs suspected of having a food allergy to help alleviate their symptoms. Animal proteins, such as beef, chicken, and dairy, are considered dogs’ most common food allergens. Hypoallergenic diets often contain hydrolyzed soy protein and, in some studies, these diets have been shown to reduce the symptoms of food allergies in dogs [4]. 

When is Tofu Bad for Dogs? 

While tofu is generally considered a safe, occasional treat for dogs, there are some things pet parents should keep in mind.

Watch for allergic reactions or sensitivities. As with any new food, dogs may be allergic or sensitive to tofu. It should be introduced in small amounts at first to ensure your dog doesn’t have a reaction to the tofu. If you feed your dog a small amount of tofu and don’t notice any signs of an upset stomach or itchy skin, it is likely okay to continue feeding tofu as an occasional healthy treat or meal topper. While soy-based foods are not common allergens for dogs, soy and tofu allergies or food sensitivities are possible. 

Keep preparation plain and simple. Pet parents should only feed their dogs raw or plain baked tofu without any added salt, seasonings or oils. Tofu that comes pre-seasoned or in different flavors should be avoided as it may contain garlic or onion seasonings that are toxic to dogs or may have harmful levels of sodium. 

Don’t go over your dog’s calorie limit. As with any treat or food added to your dog’s regular diet, you should not feed more than 10 percent of your dog’s daily calories from tofu. You should also make sure that you are factoring the amount of tofu you feed into your dog’s recommended daily calorie intake to prevent excess weight gain. 

Tofu and Dogs: Helpful Feeding Tips 

As stated previously, unless you are working with a board-certified veterinary nutritionist, you should keep the amount of tofu in your dog’s diet to 10 percent or less of their daily calorie intake. 

For example, an average-sized Labrador Retriever can safely consume a standard three-ounce serving of extra-firm tofu, which contains about 80 calories. However, an eight-pound Chihuahua should be limited to ¾ of an ounce of the same tofu. Make sure to read the nutrition labels of the tofu you are feeding because the caloric content of the tofu varies depending on the type. 

If your dog grabs an entire block of tofu off your counter and eats it, it is best to speak to a veterinarian immediately to know if any treatment is recommended. 

When feeding your dog any new food, it is best practice to discuss this with your veterinarian, especially if your dog suffers from any chronic conditions.

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The short answer is yes, sunflower seeds are safe for dogs to eat. However, that doesn’t mean you should pour them right into your dog’s bowl of kibble or ignore a puppy who’s gotten into shelled or roasted sunflower seeds. 

In some cases, sunflower seeds and products can be bad for dogs. And if you’re worried about your dog’s well-being or see signs of distress (like vomiting or diarrhea) after he’s gotten into something, it’s always best to contact your veterinarian for help. 

Here, we’ll share the potential health benefits and risks associated with feeding dogs sunflower seeds, and whether dogs can have other sunflower seed-based products like sunflower seed oil and sunflower butter. 

Can Dogs Have Sunflower Seeds? 

Yes! “Sunflower seeds are safe to feed to dogs,” says Dr. Nancy Welborn, an assistant professor of veterinary clinical sciences at the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine in Baton Rouge. That said, dog-friendly sunflower seeds are probably not the kind you regularly buy.

“They have to have the husk off, you can only feed them the kernel, and they need to be unsalted because [salted sunflower seeds] can be way too much extra sodium for a dog to eat,” says Welborn.  

If sunflower seeds are okay for dogs, you might also be curious about other sunflower seed products like sunbutter and sunflower oil. 

Can Dogs Have Sunflower Oil? 

Oil pressed from sunflower seeds isn’t dangerous for dogs to eat, but it’s not a good idea either. Like sunflower butter, it’s high in calories and most pet parents should be concerned with weight maintenance for dogs, not packing on more pounds. 

Unless your veterinarian recommends sunflower oil as a supplement to your pup’s diet, keeping this cooking oil on the “no” list for your dog is best.

Can Dogs Have Sunflower Butter? 

If you’re looking to fill up a treat toy for a hungry boy, you’re in luck: Sunbutter can be a safe alternative to peanut butter in households where someone has a peanut allergy. 

“Sunflower butter can be safely consumed by dogs as long as the amount isn’t excessive,” says Alex Schechter, a Detroit-based veterinarian. “However, sunflower butter is exceptionally high in calories, so it should only be given as a special treat.” 

Can Dogs Eat Sunflower Seeds in the Shell? 

Hearing a dog munching through sunflower seeds in the shell isn’t just uncomfortable—it’s also your cue to take them away ASAP, no matter your pup’s enthusiasm. 

“The shelled sunflower seed can pose a choking hazard,” says Schechter. “Dogs unable to ingest shelled seeds run the risk of a gastrointestinal blockage or obstruction.” 

If you notice your dog has signs of an upset GI tract, like vomiting and diarrhea, after munching on shelled sunflower seeds, seek veterinary attention immediately. 

Unsalted, unshelled sunflower seeds are typically fair game for dogs. Even better, they may come with some health benefits. 

Are Sunflower Seeds Good for Dogs? 

Sunflower seeds are a great source of healthy fats, protein, fiber and essential nutrients for dogs, including vitamin E, B6 and magnesium.

“They’re beneficial for canines’ overall health and well-being […], and sunflower seeds are considered significant for their skin and coat,” says Schechter. 

One study found that dogs whose diets were supplemented with sunflower seeds experienced improvements in their skin and coat health compared to dogs that didn’t have sunflower seeds added to their diet. The boost appears to be linked to higher levels of healthy fats called polyunsaturated fatty acids.

If you’ve heard about health benefits linked to sunflower seeds, it’s tempting to assume the pros mean you should sprinkle them onto your dog’s food regularly. “Many of us think, ‘if it’s good for me, I need to feed it to my pet,’” says Welborn. “But if a little bit is a good thing, a lot doesn’t always mean better.” 

When Are Sunflower Seeds Bad for Dogs? 

Dogs and sunflower seeds don’t always mix well. Sunflower seeds can pose a danger to dogs when they eat them with the shell on or get into snacks designed for humans, like roasted sunflower seeds which are often covered in salt, oil, and seasonings. 

“Avoid feeding salted seeds as they can lead to health complications such as sodium toxicosis [toxic levels of sodium] and symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, seizures and excessive thirst and urination,” says Schechter. 

While unsalted, shelled sunflower seeds are safe for dogs, it’s also important not to give them too much. Here’s what you need to know about safely giving your pup the occasional treat.

Sunflower Seeds and Dogs: Helpful Feeding Tips 

Although sunflower seeds are safe for dogs, think about why you’d want to feed them to your dog: are you trying to improve their health? Do you want them to have a shinier coat? Before you mix sunflower seeds into your dog’s food, follow these tips to keep them safe and healthy: 

Consult with your veterinarian first. No matter the reason, it’s always best to check with your veterinarian before adding anything new to your dog’s diet, especially if you’re concerned about food sensitivities or special health needs, says Schechter. They may have specific recommendations for medications or supplements that can be more helpful. 

Consider the alternatives. While sunflower seeds may impart some health benefits, dog food and treats are specifically designed to be nutritionally balanced for dogs and might be a better option.

Reserve them for special occasions. Sunflower seeds shouldn’t be an everyday food for dogs. “Think of them as a treat once or twice a week,” says Welborn. The same goes for sunbutter. Because these foods are high in calories, it’s best to limit them, even more so if you’re watching your dog’s weight. 

Stick to small snack sizes. For a healthy and happy dog, Welborn recommends about 10 to 20 sunflower seed kernels for a dog that weighs less than 30 pounds or about 30 to 40 kernels for larger dogs a few times a week at most. For sunflower butter, stick to a maximum of one to two spoonfuls for special occasions, Schechter says.

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Anorexia is the medical term for when a dog refuses to eat. Anorexia may happen suddenly, or your puppy may gradually eat less and less over time. In this article, you will learn why puppies stop eating, how long a puppy can go without eating, warning signs that your puppy needs immediate veterinary care, and how to encourage a puppy to eat.  

Why Is My Puppy Not Eating?

Just like humans, there are a variety of reasons why a puppy won’t eat:

They’re nauseous. A nauseous puppy will likely not want to eat anything. Nausea can be due to many things, including motion sickness, digestive disorders, intestinal parasites and neurological problems.

They’re sick. If a puppy has a fever, an infectious disease (such as parvo or distemper), is suffering from congenital liver and kidney disease or was accidentally poisoned by ingesting something toxic, it may cause loss of appetite. 

They’re anxious. Psychological distress from changes in routine, rehoming, being left alone, changes to the family or environment, vet visits, etc. can cause a puppy to turn up their nose at food. 

It’s too hot. Like people, dogs don’t like to eat very much if they are hot. 

They’re in pain. Pain from any source can kill an appetite. Common sources of pain in puppies include teething and growing pains. 

They were recently vaccinated. Recently vaccinated puppies can experience mild fever, soreness, and loss of appetite after vaccination. These reactions are usually mild. If your puppy seems to be in severe pain, is vomiting, has a swollen face or hives, or doesn’t eat for more than a day after vaccines, seek veterinary attention immediately. 

Picky eater. Some puppies are picky eaters. If they don’t like their food, they refuse to eat it. However, if you give in to their particular ways and feed them treats or people food instead, you will train them to continue to be picky. If your vet has told you that your puppy is perfectly healthy, you may need to wait your puppy out for a meal or two to convince them to eat the food you are offering under your veterinarian’s supervision.  

How Long Can a Puppy Go Without Eating?

Puppies shouldn’t go more than 12 hours without eating. While most healthy adult dogs can go a couple of days without eating without any adverse effects, this is not true of puppies. 

Young and small breed puppies can develop juvenile hypoglycemia because they have very little fat, making it harder for them to regulate their blood sugar and body temperature. Hypoglycemia in puppies is most common in toy breeds, such as Maltese, Chihuahuas, Yorkies, and Toy Poodles. 

Signs of juvenile hypoglycemia include:

• Extreme tiredness
• Shaking
• Cold extremities
• Collapse
• Seizures
• Coma

Owners of these toy breeds should keep high fructose corn syrup or sugar water on hand in the event their puppy develops hypoglycemia and seek veterinary attention immediately if they show signs of hypoglycemia. 

How Often Should Puppies Eat?

In general, small and toy breed puppies should be fed every 4-5 hours until they are between 12 and 14 weeks of age, at which point meal times can be extended to every 6-8 hours. Adult toy breeds (16 weeks of age and older) can be fed twice daily. 

For medium to large breed puppies, the following feeding recommendations are general guidelines only:

Puppy Won’t Eat: What to Watch Out For

If your puppy isn’t eating, how do you know when it is a more serious issue? The following warning signs indicate that your puppy’s health may be in danger and it’s time to call a veterinarian and get your puppy seen:

• Puppy won’t eat or drink anything for longer than 12 hours*
• Anorexia in conjunction with vomiting
• Anorexia in conjunction with diarrhea
• Pseudo-anorexia (your puppy is hungry and wants to eat but can’t eat because of problems chewing or swallowing their food)
• Anorexia in conjunction with lethargy, weakness, excessive tiredness or any other signs of sickness
• If you know your puppy has eaten something they shouldn’t (toys, people food, toxins, cleaning supplies, human medications etc.)
• If you’re informed that other puppies in the litter are ill and not eating
• If your puppy was recently vaccinated
• If your puppy was recently at a place that many other dogs visit, such as a dog park or doggie daycare
• If multiple dogs in your household or neighborhood are ill 

*If your puppy has lost their appetite but is otherwise acting happy and healthy and drinking water, it is okay to try to coax your puppy to eat if they miss a couple of meals. If it lasts longer than a day, speak with your veterinarian.

How to Get a Puppy to Eat

If a veterinarian has ruled out medical causes for your puppy’s poor appetite, here are some recommendations to get your puppy to eat:

Set a specific mealtime. Leaving food out for long periods may make your puppy less likely to eat. Offer a small amount of food at the regular feeding time. When your puppy is done, pick up the food and don’t offer any other food until the next meal. If your puppy refuses to eat, pick it up and try again one hour later. If your puppy refuses to eat for longer than one day, seek veterinary attention. 

Make it a little more enticing. Try warming food for ten seconds in a microwave to increase the aroma, and don’t forget to stir it. You can also add the following to your puppy’s meals to entice them to eat: chicken broth, canned food, meal toppers and white meat from a rotisserie chicken.

Try smaller food. If you have a small breed, get food formulated for small mouths. 

Move the food bowl. Place your puppy’s food in a quiet, low-traffic area of the house and calmly praise your puppy when they eat. Alternatively, try spreading canned food on a lick mat or putting food in food puzzles or dispensers to provide mental stimulation and food fun.

Try fewer treats. Cut back on the treats, only use treats for training and cut the treats into small pieces. This reduces calories, but your puppy still thinks they are getting a lot because there are lots of pieces! Treats should generally make up no more than 10 percent of a dog’s diet.

Ensure that you are accurately judging your puppy’s appetite. Many pet parents become concerned if their puppy doesn’t eat as much as a pet food bag says they will. Every puppy is unique, so ask your veterinarian if your puppy is at a healthy weight and how much your puppy should be eating each day. 

Feed your puppy separately from other animals in the home. Also, keep kids away while your puppy is trying to eat. If your puppy is crate trained, you could try feeding your puppy in the crate. 

Provide safe chews for teething pain. Help relieve pain from teething by providing appropriate chew toys, like a frozen Kong filled with canned puppy food.

Reduce stress. If your puppy is stressed or anxious, try using a pheromone spray or diffuser near your puppy’s feeding station to lower stress. 

Stimulate their appetite. Walk your puppy or engage in other exercises or games before meal times.Finally, if you switch your puppy’s food, do so slowly to avoid upsetting your puppy’s tummy.

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As with any new food fad, it is important to pause, do the research and see what the science says before feeding anything new to your dog. To help you with that, here is a veterinary perspective on goat’s milk for dogs. 

What is Goat’s Milk?

Goat’s milk comes from domestic goats. According to the USDA, goat’s milk is similar to cow’s milk with a few differences:

• Goat milk is higher in calories, protein and calcium than cow milk.
• It has higher prebiotics and probiotics, which promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria.
• Goat milk has higher levels of potassium, niacin, and vitamin A than cow’s milk and it has lower levels of vitamin B12, folate, and selenium than cow’s milk. 
• Goat milk may be easier to digest than cow’s milk because it has slightly lower levels of lactose, a sugar that many dogs and people cannot digest.

In human medicine, goat milk has been shown to help reduce inflammation in people with allergies or other inflammatory conditions and lower cholesterol in rat studies. Some claim that the smaller size of fat globules in goat’s milk vs. cow’s milk also makes goat’s milk more digestible. However, unless you are feeding raw milk, most milk is homogenized, which reduces the size of fat globules in both goat’s milk and cow’s milk to about the same size. 

Is Goat Milk Good for Dogs?

As of now, there are no objective, peer-reviewed studies available to prove or disprove the health benefits of feeding goat’s milk to dogs. Most of what you will read is anecdotal, stemming from personal experience or marketing hype from companies that want to sell you goat milk. That said, pasteurized goat’s milk will likely not cause any negative side effects and is safe when fed in small amounts to most adult dogs. 

Benefits of Goat Milk for Dogs

Goat milk provides the following nutritional benefits to dogs:

• It’s a source of hydration. Since the major component of goat’s milk is water, the main benefit of feeding goat’s milk to a dog is promoting healthy hydration.
• It has healthy fat and protein. Goat’s milk is rich in fat, which can be used as an energy source for active or underweight dogs, and high in protein and amino acids, which benefits muscle building and repair of damaged tissues.
• It supports a healthy gut and strong bones. Goat’s milk has calcium to build bone strength and high probiotics and prebiotics to support healthy gut bacteria.

People also use goat’s milk as a supplement to help with common inflammatory ailments, including gastrointestinal issues, allergies, osteoarthritis and cancer, but does it help? We’ll look at some of the science in more detail below: 

Goat’s Milk for Dogs: What the Science Says

Here are some common beliefs surrounding feeding goat’s milk to dogs and what the science says:

Potassium in Goat’s Milk Helps Reduce Stomach Acidity and Helps with Intestinal Issues

False. All dairy products, including goat’s milk, can be inflammatory, and inflammation is often a major driver of digestive problems. Goat’s milk has whey proteins, hormones and sugar, which can cause inflammation. Goat’s milk does not change the acidity of a dog’s stomach, and if your dog has any digestive issues, it is better not to give your dog any dairy products, including goat’s milk. 

Goat’s Milk Helps Dogs with Itchy Skin

False. Like many digestive issues, dog skin problems are often inflammatory and exacerbated by giving dairy products. If your dog has itchy skin or any inflammatory conditions, including osteoarthritis and cancer, skip the goat’s milk or talk to your veterinarian before giving it. 

Goat’s Milk Boosts a Dog’s Immunity

Possibly True. Goat’s milk is rich in probiotics, which help promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria. Since the largest immune system in the body is in the gut, this could promote a stronger immune system. 

Types of Goat’s Milk for Dogs

If you are interested in giving your dog goat’s milk, there are many different forms to choose from:

• Pasteurized goat’s milk. This is the most common form of goat’s milk available for dogs and is convenient and safe. Pasteurization removes potentially pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella that can cause illness in you and your dog, prolongs the product’s shelf life and provides a consistent product. It can be fed alone or by adding to food.

• Goat’s milk powder. This form of goat milk is often sold as a supplement you can sprinkle over food or mix with water. Goat milk powder has also been marketed as a milk replacement powder for puppies. However, goat and cow milk do not provide the proper nutrients for growing puppies and should not be used solely as puppy replacement milk. Unpasteurized goat milk should not be fed to puppies because of their underdeveloped immune systems. 

• Goat’s milk kefir for dogs. Kefir is a fermented product made from pasteurized milk, supplemented with probiotics, and then incubated to activate the probiotics. Kefir can be used as a food topper or fed alone. In humans, kefir is beneficial in inflammatory conditions, gastrointestinal conditions, boosting immunity and fighting cancer. If your dog is suffering from any of these conditions, talk to your veterinarian to see if goat’s milk kefir can benefit your pet. 

• Raw goat’s milk. Raw goat’s milk has not been pasteurized. A veterinary nutritionist and the CDC would say that consuming raw milk products puts your dog at risk of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella, E. Coli and Listeria. Use your discretion when deciding on raw goat milk, and get your veterinarian involved in the conversation if you intend to feed your dog any raw milk products. 

How Much Goat’s Milk for Dogs is Safe?

When feeding goat milk labeled for dogs, feed the amount listed on the label for your dog’s weight. If you are feeding human goat milk products, as with any treats, goat milk should not exceed 10 percent of your pet’s daily caloric intake, and the other 90 percent should be a food labeled complete and balanced by AAFCO. 

If your dog shows any negative side effects, reduce the amount of goat milk you are feeding or stop feeding it entirely. 

Goat Milk for Dogs Side Effects

Goat milk is not for all dogs. Some dogs may develop negative side effects, including loose stool, intestinal gas or diarrhea, and goat’s milk is not suitable for these dogs. In addition, if your dog has any of the following medical conditions, goat’s milk is not a good treat:

• Pancreatitis or history of pancreatitis
• Obesity (goat’s milk is high in fat and calories)
• Inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, digestive disorders, auto-immune disorders, cancer or skin conditions

Where to Buy Goat’s Milk for Dogs

Goat’s milk can be purchased at grocery stores, health food stores, pet stores and online retailers. You can feed dogs goat milk marketed for humans and goat milk marketed for dogs. 

The most important thing is to purchase good quality goat milk that has been pasteurized to remove harmful bacteria. In general, goat milk sourced from goats that are organically raised and fed grass on pasture is of better quality. 

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For this reason, pet parents need to do their research before feeding their dogs human food. 

But, can dogs eat cantaloupe? Cantaloupe is one of the most consumed fruits in the United States and is a juicy summer treat. But, is it safe for dogs? This article will give you the ins and outs of feeding cantaloupe to dogs, any risks associated with this fruit, and how to prepare cantaloupe for your pup. 

Can Dogs Eat Cantaloupe? 

Cantaloupe is a safe food for dogs and can be enjoyed as a tasty treat. There are no known toxins within any portion of the cantaloupe fruit, and the vitamins and minerals in this fruit may be nutritious for your dog. 

Can Dogs Eat Cantaloupe Rind?

It is not recommended to feed your dog cantaloupe rind. The rind is tough and difficult to digest. For this reason, feeding the rind to dogs may cause an upset stomach. If your dog ingests large chunks of cantaloupe rind, it could even cause an intestinal blockage, a life-threatening condition that could require emergency surgery. Cantaloupe rinds can also pose a choking hazard to dogs.  

Can Dogs Eat Cantaloupe Seeds? 

As previously stated, no part of the cantaloupe is known to be toxic to dogs. You can give a few cantaloupe seeds to your dog here and there. However, the seeds do contain high amounts of fat. For this reason, you should not feed large quantities of cantaloupe seeds to your dog as it may lead to weight gain, an upset stomach, and may unbalance their diet.  

Benefits of Cantaloupe for Dogs

As is the case with most fruits and vegetables, cantaloupe is chock full of nutritious vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that may benefit your dog’s health. Cantaloupe is an excellent source of vitamins C and A, potassium and magnesium [1]. 

Vitamins A and C are both antioxidants that improve cellular health and play a role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Vitamin A is also crucial for vision. Potassium is an electrolyte and is necessary for muscle contractions and normal kidney, heart and nerve function. Magnesium is important for numerous cellular functions throughout the body. 

While the benefits of eating cantaloupe have not been explicitly studied in dogs, in humans, cantaloupe is known to have a wide range of health-promoting properties. These include anti-cancer, pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, liver-protecting and stomach protecting properties [1]. 

Cantaloupe is also a low-calorie food, containing only 54 calories per cup, and can be helpful as a part of a weight-loss program if you substitute your regular dog treats with this fruit [2].  

Potential Dangers of Cantaloupe for Dogs

There aren’t many dangers or risks associated with feeding dogs cantaloupe. However, it is always best to talk to your veterinarian before feeding any new foods to your dog. If your dog has a chronic condition, such as diabetes, your veterinarian may recommend against feeding cantaloupe due to its relatively high sugar content. 

As previously mentioned, cantaloupe rinds can pose a choking and intestinal obstruction risk for your dog, so rinds should never be fed to them. 

When feeding your dog cantaloupe, moderation is key. Most veterinary nutritionists agree that any foods added to your dog’s regular diet should not make up more than 10 percent of their daily calorie intake. The good news is that cantaloupe is low in calories, so you would need to feed a large amount of cantaloupe to most dogs to lead to an unbalanced diet. 

As with any new food, start by feeding your dog a minimal amount of cantaloupe and wait a day or two to ensure that this fruit doesn’t upset their stomach. 

How to Prepare Cantaloupe for Dogs

When preparing cantaloupe for your dog, thoroughly wash the rind before slicing the fruit, as there have been previous outbreaks of food poisoning associated with dirty cantaloupe rinds [3]. Once the rind is washed, slice the cantaloupe, scoop out the seeds (a few left behind won’t hurt), and cut off and discard the rind. Then you can cut the fruit flesh into bite-sized cubes. 

You can serve cantaloupe by itself as a tasty treat or put it on top of your dog’s regular food to make it more exciting for her. When it’s hot outside, try offering frozen cubes or balls of cantaloupe flesh to your pup to cool her off!

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So what if your favorite treat is gummy bears or other gummy candy? Can dogs eat gummy bears? 

Let’s discuss if our canine companions can eat this sugary treat or other gummy candies. We’ll also dive into potential dangers of feeding gummies to dogs and what to do if your dog gets into a bag of gummy bears. 

Can Dogs Eat Gummy Bears?

While gummy bears and gummy candies are a delicious treat for humans, they are not intended for canine consumption, and should never be shared with our dogs—even if those puppy eyes start to wear you down.

Regular gummy bears and candies are formulated with a large amount of sugar. While sugar is not directly toxic to dogs and unlikely to be life threatening if ingested, it can cause a slew of problems if eaten frequently or in large amounts. Therefore, think twice before feeding your dogs any gummy bears, gummy candies of any kind, and even fruit snacks. 

Much more concerning are the sugar-free variety of gummy candies. These gummies are artificially sweetened with an ingredient called xylitol, which is extremely toxic and life-threatening when consumed by dogs. It’s an emergency if your dog eats anything that contains Xylitol, such as sugar-free gummy bears, sugar-free chewing gum, or any other sugar-free treats. 

Why Are Gummy Bears Bad for Dogs?

As mentioned earlier, one of the main ingredients in gummy bears and gummy candies is sugar. Sugar isn’t harmful to our dogs in small quantities, so if your dog eats one or two gummies every once and a while, it isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. However, in small dogs or puppies, it’s more likely to cause an upset stomach or gastroenteritis. 

Dogs with gastroenteritis can experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which is never fun for them or those of us who have to clean up the mess. In some cases, dogs can experience such severe gastrointestinal upset from sugar ingestion, that they can become significantly dehydrated and require hospitalization for supportive care. 

Regularly sharing sugary treats such as gummy bears with our dogs can also cause them to gain weight. Obesity in dogs is linked to numerous health concerns such as osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, infections, and more. 

Since most of our dogs don’t brush their teeth after consuming sugary treats, feeding them gummy bears or other gummy candy can also predispose them to dental disease. 

Some dogs are particularly interested in sharing treats with us, and might not differentiate between the candy and the wrapper it came in. If your dog ingests the wrapper or packaging on gummy bears, they could choke or it could become lodged in their stomach or small intestine, resulting in a gastrointestinal obstruction—a life threatening situation. 

The greatest danger lies in the sugar-free gummy bears or other sugar-free candy that contains xylitol, an artificial sweetener. Xylitol is found in sugar-free gummy bears, sugar-free chewing gum, jelly beans, fruit snacks, breath mints, chewable vitamin gummies, protein bars, peanut butter, mouth wash, toothpaste, medications, and more.

When a dog consumes xylitol, it causes a sudden release of insulin in their body. This insulin causes all their blood glucose (or blood sugar) to shift into their cells, causing their blood sugar levels to plummet dangerously. Without enough sugar circulating in the bloodstream, a condition called hypoglycemia, your dog’s body cannot function properly. Dogs will often vomit, become lethargic, lose coordination, tremor, collapse, have seizures, or even die if blood sugar drops low enough.

Xylitol also causes liver damage. Usually the damage is transient and heals with time and medications, but dogs who ingest enough xylitol will experience liver failure, which is a fatal condition.

As recreational marijuana use becomes legal and more acceptable, veterinarians are seeing an increase in cases of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) toxicity in dogs. In many cases, these dogs consumed “edibles” in gummy form. While it is unlikely to be fatal if your dog consumes an edible, it can have serious, dangerous side effects. These include vomiting, incoordination, tremors, hypothermia, disorientation, hypersalivation, hyperexcitability, inappropriate vocalization, and more.

What To Do if Your Dog Eats Gummy Bears

If your dog eats gummy bears, first and foremost, don’t panic. Start by checking the label for any toxic ingredients, such as xylitol. If the gummy does not include xylitol and your dog only ate one or two gummies or candies, you’re probably in the clear. Monitor them for any signs of gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. If those develop, take them to a veterinarian.

However, if your dog ate a whole bag of gummies and/or parts of the packaging, especially if they are a small dog, they should probably be taken to a veterinary clinic immediately. A veterinarian can give them an injection to make them vomit, which can prevent them from developing serious gastroenteritis or a gastrointestinal obstruction. 

Medical attention is likely necessary if your dog ate a gummy or other candy containing xylitol. If your dog is acting normally without any signs of illness, you can call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) at 888-426-4435. This hotline will help you decide if any treatment is needed for your dog based on how much they ate. Alternatively, you can call your veterinary team or take your dog to the nearest emergency clinic to be safe.

If your dog is showing any signs of illness, take them to a veterinarian immediately. It can help if you call the veterinary clinic or hospital to let them know you’re on the way. Don’t forget to bring any product packaging with you and tell the veterinary staff that your dog ate xylitol. It’s also helpful to note the approximate time your dog ate the toxic substance. 

How To Prevent Your Dog From Eating Gummy Bears

The best way to prevent your dog from eating gummy bears, gummy candy, or any candy in general is to keep them safely out of reach. 

These treats should be stored inside cabinets or cupboards that our dogs cannot open. Do not leave gummy bears, gummy candy, or any other candy within reach, even for a minute, as it only takes a second for our dogs to scarf down something potentially toxic or harmful to them. Furthermore, do not leave them on the counter or any other exposed surface like a dining table, as our athletic canine friends can find their way up if tempted. 

Dogs are masters at rifling through backpacks and purses, even when they are zipped, so keep your bags and your children’s bags out of reach if they contain anything your pet might be tempted to eat. 

If you are tempted to include your dog in indulging your sweet tooth, consider feeding them something specifically formulated for dogs to avoid any negative side effects. 

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Here, find out if you can give dogs shrimp, if dogs should eat shrimp and what to do if your dog has a problem after eating shrimp.

Can My Dog Eat Shrimp?

The short answer is yes, most dogs can safely consume shrimp. However, the way the shrimp is prepared, how much you feed your dog, and your dog’s health should be considered when thinking about whether or not to feed your dog shrimp. 

If you are unsure about what to feed your dog, it’s best to check with your veterinarian before introducing new human foods to your furry friend. Dogs should only eat cooked shrimp (steamed, boiled or grilled are the best home-cooked preparations) or freeze-dried shrimp, which can make excellent training treats. If you cook for your dog and want to add shrimp to your dog’s diet, consult with your veterinarian or a board-certified veterinary nutritionist to formulate a complete and balanced recipe. 

In general, it is recommended that treats make up no more than 10 percent of your dog’s daily caloric intake and that the rest of your dog’s diet is food that has been formulated to be complete and balanced, per AAFCO standards. While shrimp are nutritious, feeding too many shrimp can lead to nutritional imbalances. It is ok to feed a small dog up to 3 shrimp total per week. For dogs over 40 pounds, you can feed up to 1.5 cups of shrimp total per week.

Can Dogs Eat Raw Shrimp?

Dogs should not eat raw shrimp. Raw shellfish, including shrimp, can carry harmful parasites or bacteria like Salmonella, so always cook shrimp using safe food-handling practices before feeding it to your dog. 

Call a veterinarian if your dog accidentally eats raw shrimp and exhibits any signs of parasites or bacterial infections, including:

• Fever
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Distended or painful abdomen
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss

Can Dogs Eat Shrimp Tails or Shells?

In general, it is not advised to feed shrimp shells or tails to your dog. While some dogs may easily chomp down and chew up the shell and tail, they may present a choking hazard or intestinal obstruction issue in other dogs. Furthermore, shrimp shells and tails can get caught in between teeth, which can irritate the gums. 

Before feeding shrimp to your dog, remove the shells and tails, devein them and cook or freeze-dry them. If your dog accidentally eats a shrimp tail or shell, monitor them for 24 hours and call your veterinarian if they are acting sick in any way. 

Can Dogs Eat Cooked Shrimp?

Dogs should only be fed cooked shrimp. Boiled, steamed, freeze-dried or grilled shrimp without any butter, oil or spices is the recommended preparation for dogs. It is okay to serve cooked shrimp warm or cold to your dog. 

Shrimp scampi is not a good snack for dogs because of the garlic, which is toxic to dogs, and the butter, which can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and pancreatitis (painful and life-threatening inflammation of the pancreas). Shrimp prepared for shrimp cocktail is safe for dogs, but skip the cocktail sauce! 

Can Dogs Eat Fried Shrimp?

Even though your dog may disagree, they should not be fed fried shrimp because their systems are not designed to digest high-fat food. Fried shrimp, coconut shrimp, and popcorn shrimp may cause stomach upset, diarrhea and pancreatitis, so skip these shrimp preparations for your dog. Breaded shrimp should also be avoided.

Is Shrimp Good for Dogs?

When prepared properly, shrimp are a high-protein snack that is low in carbohydrates and high in beneficial omega 3 fatty acids. They are also low in calories, which can make them a good snack for dogs that are trying to lose or maintain a healthy weight. 

Shrimp are high in B vitamins, which improve the health of the gastrointestinal and circulatory systems, phosphorus for strong bones and antioxidants that can fight free radicals that cause cancer and brain aging. There are several dog food and treat manufacturers that have caught on to the health benefits of shrimp and feature these tiny, mighty crustaceans in their formulas.

Is Shrimp Bad for Dogs?

Shrimp are low in calories, however, they are high in cholesterol and may not be a good treat for dogs that struggle with high cholesterol. This includes dogs that have been diagnosed with conditions including hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes, pancreatitis or have gallbladder problems. 

In addition, some Briards, Rough Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs, Doberman Pinschers and Rottweilers have a genetic predisposition for high cholesterol, so if you have one of these breeds, they shouldn’t have shrimp if their blood work shows high cholesterol levels. 

Are Dogs Allergic to Shrimp?

Every dog is different, and some dogs may be allergic to shrimp. The first time you feed your dog shrimp, start with a small amount and watch your dog for any signs of illness after feeding shrimp. 

Signs of shrimp allergies in dogs include:

• Swollen face or muzzle
• Hives (firm bumps all over body that may be itchy)
• Difficulty breathing
• Vomiting 
• Diarrhea 

Stop feeding your dog shrimp and call your veterinarian for advice if your dog acts sick after eating shrimp. 

Can I Feed My Dog Shrimp? The Verdict

Most dogs love shrimp as an occasional treat, so if your dog tolerates and likes eating shrimp, it is fine to feed them as a treat in moderation. If you have more questions about feeding your dog shrimp, talk to your veterinarian.

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Just like the occasional sweet treat or salty snack isn’t harmful to our health, crunching on cat food isn’t going to cause your dog’s health to go downhill, as long as it’s not a regular part of their diet.

Can Dogs Eat Cat Food?

The question is not whether dogs can eat cat food, it’s whether they should—and the answer is pretty straightforward, says Dr. Megan McCarthy, a veterinarian at Best Friends Animal Society in Salt Lake City, Utah.

“In general, it is not a good idea for dogs to eat cat food,” she says. 

That said, don’t fret too much if your mischievous mutt sneaks a few bites from the cat food bowl. McCarthy says that the occasional mouthful of cat food isn’t going to hurt your dog but adds that, “if you feed them cat food long term, it can cause problems.” 

Can Dogs Eat Cat Food in an Emergency?

An ASPCA study found that 40 percent of pet owners who evacuated during natural disasters didn’t return home for at least four days (and some were displaced for up to two weeks). Moreover, most weren’t prepared to leave, so there was likely no dog food packed in their go-bag.

Suppose a natural disaster or other emergency forces you to flee with no dog food and no easy access to stores to stock up. In that case, cat food is an acceptable temporary substitution. It’s also okay to dish out a bowl of cat food if supper rolls around and you realize you forgot to stop at the store, but your goal should always be to get your dog back on his regular diet as soon as possible. 

While feeding your dog small amounts of cat food short term is unlikely to cause any significant issues, McCarthy says that any food change can cause some gastrointestinal upset. Diarrhea is a common effect of a sudden food change in dogs. 

Why Can’t Dogs Eat Cat Food?

Dogs and cats have unique nutritional needs and different vitamin requirements.

“Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they must eat meat,” says McCarthy. “Dogs are omnivores, meaning they must consume meat, vegetables, and usually a carbohydrate source. Dogs require a diet with more variety than cats.”  

In addition, cats need more protein than dogs and require additional nutrients, including the amino acids taurine and arginine and higher amounts of niacin and certain B vitamins. Feeding your dog food formulated for cats may create imbalances in the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development.

McCarthy says companies that formulate pet foods will stick to a high protein source, fiber, and appropriate vitamins for cats. In contrast, dog foods have more varied ingredients with a protein source, vegetables, and usually a carbohydrate source.  

Can Dogs Get Sick From Eating Cat Food?

Even if your dog seems to love the taste of cat food, over-indulging or eating cat food as part of their regular diet could make him sick. McCarthy says that gas and diarrhea are the most likely symptoms of changing your dog’s food, but more severe symptoms are possible.

“The high protein content and different nutrients can cause health problems like pancreatitis [inflammation of the pancreas] and obesity,” she says. “The higher protein content can also be harsh on a dog’s liver and kidneys.”  

Can Dogs Eat Cat Treats?

Dogs should not regularly eat cat treats. Cat treats, like cat food, are designed for cats. McCarthy says that it may be okay to use cat treats for training purposes on an occasional basis, but advises against regularly rewarding your dog with cat treats, especially if your pup is prone to tummy troubles.

“If your dog has a sensitive stomach, cat treats can be a little rich for a dog,” she says.

What to Do if Your Dog Is Eating Cat Food

You might not be feeding cat food to your dog, but that doesn’t mean he isn’t seeking it out on his own. In multi-pet households, it’s common for dogs to raid the cat food bowl. 

You can prevent stomach upset and overeating (and an increased risk of obesity) and ensure your dog is getting the nutrients he needs by following a few simple rules to keep him out of the kitty kibble:

• Feed your dog and cat in separate rooms.
• Do not let your pets free feed (graze throughout the day) and remove uneaten food after mealtime.
• Place cat food bowls on countertops or elevated surfaces, out of your dog’s reach.

Whether your dog sneaks a few bites from the cat food bowl or eats a can of wet cat food in an emergency, it’s okay for your dog to eat small amounts of cat food, but it should never be the mainstay of his diet.

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Chickpeas can be purchased in most stores—either dried or canned in water or brine. You will also come across chickpea products such as hummus (which is made from blended chickpeas) and gram flour (dried and ground chickpeas). 

Chickpeas are high in protein, which makes them a popular ingredient for those eating vegetarian or vegan diets. But can dogs eat chickpeas? Let’s take a look…

Can Dogs Have Chickpeas? 

The good news is that chickpeas are safe for dogs to eat. In fact, they’re becoming a popular ingredient in pet foods, usually as a carbohydrate replacement in grain-free foods. 

In 2017, a survey of pet foods available in the US found that over 11 percent of dry dog foods and 2 percent of wet dog foods included chickpeas. So, chickpeas—at least in most forms—are definitely safe for dogs to eat.  

Benefits of Chickpeas for Dogs

So now we know chickpeas are safe for dogs, the next question is whether they’re a healthy addition to dog diets. 

According to the USDA FoodData Central database, chickpeas contain nearly 9 grams of protein and 8 grams of fiber per 100g product, making them a high-protein, high-fiber vegetable. The rest of the weight of chickpea comes as carbohydrates and water, with only a very small amount of fat. 

Chickpeas contain vitamins and minerals too—magnesium, potassium, copper, calcium, Vitamin A and B-complex vitamins are all present in varying amounts. This means chickpeas are not only safe, they’re a relatively healthy option for dogs to eat.

Since chickpeas contain so much protein, it’s common for people to ask if dogs can be on a vegan diet if they eat chickpeas. However, although they pack a protein punch, chickpeas don’t necessarily have the right amino acids—the building blocks of protein—to make them suitable as a sole protein for dogs. For example, chickpeas are lacking in methionine, and only contain low levels of cysteine, both of which are essential for dogs. Chickpeas therefore should never be your dog’s only protein source.

In commercial dog food, chickpeas tend to be most frequently added to grain-free dry diets. During processing, traditional grains provide starch and structure that help the kibble to form. With a grain-free food, this function is performed by legumes like chickpeas. So, although the diet will take into account the protein, fiber, and micronutrients provided by chickpeas, they’re likely present for their starch content. 

How to Feed Chickpeas to Dogs

If you think chickpeas for dogs sounds like a great idea, you’ll want to know how best to feed them to your dog. Of course, the simplest way to feed your dog chickpeas is to buy a diet that includes them in the ingredients list. But if you’re looking to add chickpeas as a snack or treat, you’ll have to get a bit more inventive.

You can add chickpeas to your dog’s food, or use them as a training treat—they’re the perfect size! However, it’s important to be snack savvy when it comes to your pet and follow the golden rules outlined below.

Precautions When Feeding Chickpeas to Dogs

If you decide to feed your dog chickpeas, there are a few things you need to be aware of.

First, you should only ever feed cooked chickpeas. Dried chickpeas are difficult to eat and can cause illness, so cook dried chickpeas before feeding or stick to canned chickpea options. 

When feeding canned chickpeas to dogs, check the label carefully. Some canned chickpeas are packaged in brine, which contains too much excess salt for dogs. Look for chickpeas in water and without added ingredients.

Secondly, you should only ever feed your dog chickpeas in moderation. Chickpeas are not a complete and balanced food, so their calories need to be attributed to your dog’s treat count. A dog can have 10 percent of their daily calorie allowance from unbalanced sources. For a fit 25-pound dog this is just 60 calories. Don’t forget to take off any calories for dental chews, other snacks, or training treats before you work out how many chickpeas your dog is allowed each day, and adjust your dog’s dinner rations accordingly. 

It’s worth mentioning that grain-free canine diets containing large proportions of legumes like chickpeas have been implicated in the FDA’s investigation of diet-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart condition in dogs. While chickpeas in dog food weren’t highlighted in the study, this might just be because fewer diets contain chickpeas than contain peas. This is another good reason to keep your dog’s chickpea ration to a minimum until we know more.

You should also ensure that when you first feed chickpeas to your dog, you feed a small amount—just one or two chickpeas—and monitor their reaction for 48 hours. This allows you to check for allergies or intolerances. 

In addition, chickpeas have a moderate to high fiber content and feeding too much too quickly can result in stomach upset. 

Can Dogs Eat Hummus?

Hummus is a dip made from chickpeas blended with various flavorings and oils. It’s popular as a dip or served on flatbreads, which means your dog may well try to sneak a taste. So, can dogs eat hummus? 

While the chickpeas in hummus are safe for dogs, the rest of the ingredients in the hummus may not be safe. Garlic, olive oil, and lemon juice are common ingredients in plain hummus, but some versions can include extra spices, onions, chillies, or herbs, among other things. Many of these ingredients are toxic or unhealthy for dogs, so make sure you check the ingredients list carefully. 

If you want to feed your dog hummus, the safest way to do so is to make your own, and add only dog-safe ingredients. Try not to add extra oil to the hummus, loosening it with water instead, as too much fat can make your dog ill.

The Chickpea Conclusion

Plain, cooked chickpeas are safe for dogs in moderation, and they’re even included as an ingredient in commercial dog foods. 

If you want to try chickpeas for dogs, it’s best to feed them only occasionally, in moderation, as a treat. Chickpeas shouldn’t make up too much of your dog’s diet as they’re not a balanced source of protein and are high in fiber, which can upset the gut. 

While chickpea allergies are very rare, you should still watch your dog carefully after first introducing chickpeas to make sure there are no adverse reactions. 

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“Dogs have evolved to have an affinity for sweet flavors, so pumpkin is the perfect treat since it’s sweet without added sugar,” says Dr. TB Thompson, a veterinarian in Phoenix, Arizona. 

Pumpkin is a fun ingredient to include in homemade dog treats and can be used as a digestive aid to treat ailments like diarrhea and constipation. And unlike some digestive supplements, which your veterinarian may prescribe for the same symptoms, your pup will actually enjoy eating canned pumpkin for dogs.

Is Canned Pumpkin Good for Dogs? 

According to veterinarians, plain, canned pumpkin for dogs is good for dogs. It contains a mixture of vitamins, like vitamin A, E and C, as well as iron and potassium.

“Canned pumpkin (or pumpkin puree) can add an extra source of fiber for dogs and can be mixed in with their regular dog food,” says Dr. Anthony Hall, a veterinarian with Private Vet Consulting. 

He stresses, however, that it’s important not to mistake canned pumpkin for pumpkin pie filling or mix, which can cause diarrhea in dogs. It’s also important not to give your dog too much canned pumpkin, as excessive fiber can lead to constipation. 

Can I Give My Dog Pumpkin Every Day?

Hall doesn’t recommend giving dogs canned pumpkin on a daily basis. While healthy dogs can eat canned pumpkin occasionally without safety concerns, he says canned pumpkin for dogs should only be served as a special treat or as relief for an upset stomach. 

“Dogs should be fine with regular dog food and generally do not need any supplementation with a nutritionally balanced commercial diet,” says Hall.

And dogs with particularly sensitive stomachs might need to avoid canned pumpkin entirely if it causes excessive gas or diarrhea. “Check with your vet before giving [canned pumpkin] to diabetic dogs, as it could alter blood glucose control if you feed it to your dog regularly,” Hall says.

Canned Pumpkin Benefits for Dogs

Given appropriately, canned pumpkin may help ease the symptoms of upset stomach in dogs. The fiber in pumpkin will pull moisture from your pup’s body and can help stool soften and pass, says Dr. Evelyn Kass, a veterinarian in Phoenix and founder of Pet Nutrition Doctor. Fiber can also help to support a healthy microbiome in your dog’s gut.

And when it comes to using canned pumpkin for dog constipation, Kass warns that if your dog is constipated because of dehydration, it’s important to rehydrate before giving the pumpkin. “Hydration is always the first therapy for constipation,” she says. 

Canned Pumpkin for Dogs: 9 Ways to Use It

Canned pumpkin can be given to your pup in a variety of ways. Here are some suggestions on how to incorporate it into your dog’s diet:

Add it to their food. Plain canned pumpkin for dogs can be used as a food topper or can simply be mixed into your pet’s food.

Incorporate it into a tasty frozen treat. Hall suggests mixing pumpkin with plain yogurt in a 1-to-1 ratio and placing it in the freezer. After 24 hours, take it out and serve it to your pup.

Make pumpkin dog cookies. Mix canned pumpkin with flour and peanut butter (2 cups flour, 1 cup pumpkin, ½ cup peanut butter) and bake at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 10-15 minutes. Just make sure the peanut butter is free of xylitol, an artificial sweetener that is toxic to dogs.

Create a squeezable treat. “Thin a little canned pumpkin with water and put it into a new/clean silicon tube used for carrying travel shampoo,” says Thompson. Let your pup lick the pumpkin out as you squeeze the tube, which can be perfect for training!

Stuff it in a Kong. Mix canned pumpkin with dry kibble and stuff it into a Kong toy. Freeze for a few hours, then let your pup spend some time un-stuffing the Kong.

Bake some fruity dog-friendly snacks. Combine canned pumpkin with flour, eggs and banana (3 cups flour, 2 eggs, 1 cup pumpkin and 1 banana) and bake at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes for a delicious and fiber-filled canine snack.

Make a doggie soup. Mix canned pumpkin with a little warm, low-sodium chicken broth to make a nice “soup” to warm up your dog on a cold day. 

Try a pup-kin spice latte. Blend 1 cup canned pumpkin with 1 cup light coconut milk and a dash of ground cinnamon and ginger for a fun treat (see inspiration from this recipe).

Dog Pumpkin Puree Recipe 

In addition to the above options, clinical pet nutritionist Johnna Devereaux shares her favorite canned pumpkin dog treat, which also sneaks in some extra veggies:

Ingredients:

1. 3/4 cup pumpkin purée 
2. 1 banana
3. 1 egg
4. 2 cups coconut flour
5. 1/4 cup oats
6. 1/4 pound cut green beans

Directions:

1. Combine all ingredients into a bowl and mix until smooth.
2. Grease a baking pan and place green beans across the pan.
3. Scoop a blob of mixture on top of the beans, then bake at 350 degrees for 15-18 minutes. Let cool before serving.

Where to Buy Canned Pumpkin for Dogs

When looking for where to buy the best canned pumpkin for dogs, you can usually head to your local grocery store. Canned pumpkin is typically housed in an aisle with baking supplies like flour, sugar and canned fruit. You can also purchase it in bulk through stores like Costco and Sam’s Club, as well as on Amazon or at your local health food stores.

It’s always good to have plain, canned pumpkin on hand for upset stomach or diarrhea in dogs.

When purchasing canned pumpkin for dogs, it’s important to make sure pumpkin is the only ingredient on the can. “If it contains any other additives or spices, then do not use it,” says Hall.

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What Is Limited-Ingredient Dog Food?

A limited-ingredient diet (LID) generally contains one protein source (such as lamb) and one carbohydrate source (such as brown rice). These diets may have more ingredients than just a protein and a carbohydrate, but they limit added ingredients and avoid fillers that may be found in traditional dog foods, such as corn, wheat, and soy.

Limited-ingredient diet dog foods come in both dry kibble and canned forms, and some companies even offer limited-ingredient treats or freeze-dried options. Some limited-ingredient diets are sold over the counter at pet supply stores or by online retailers, while others require a prescription from your veterinarian. As long as they are labeled as complete and balanced according to the Association of American of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) guidelines (look for this on the label), limited-ingredient diets can be fed as your dog’s sole diet. 

The term “limited ingredient” is not regulated, so there’s no threshold for the number of ingredients or limitations on what types of ingredients can be included in a limited-ingredient dog food. The term also does not guarantee against multiple protein sources being used or potential for contamination with non-listed ingredients.

“Typically, diets labeled as having limited ingredients will tend to have only a single protein source and limited carbohydrates, which reduces the number of ingredients in the diet that the dog is likely to have an adverse reaction to,” says Dr. Sarah Dodd, a veterinarian who specializes in companion animal nutrition and a resident of the European College of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition.

“The purpose of a limited-ingredient recipe is to eliminate multiple animal protein sources,” adds Jennifer Freeman, a registered veterinary technician and director of customer care and nutrition science at Natural Balance. “Many pet parents use these recipes to help narrow down what their pet may or may not be sensitive to. They can also be a great staple for everyday feeding as well.”

Limited-Ingredient Dog Food Ingredients

Depending on the brand, you can find many different types of single source proteins in a limited-ingredient dog food. These proteins may be common (for instance, chicken and beef) or they may be what is called “novel”—less common ingredients that your dog is less likely to have eaten in the past (such as venison or kangaroo). 

“A limited-ingredient diet could have any protein source,” Dodd says. “Most often, however, limited-ingredient diets utilize uncommon or exotic protein sources, in an attempt to offer something that is novel to the dog.” 

“Novel animal protein sources are ideal for limited-ingredient recipes,” Freeman says, “especially if a pet parent wants to feed an animal protein source that their pet has not been exposed to before.”

According to Dodd, the top dietary allergens for dogs are chicken, beef, and dairy-derived proteins. For this reason, most limited-ingredient recipes generally include meats from birds other than chickens (for example, turkey or duck), from ruminants other than cows (like bison, sheep, goats, or deer) or from fish (salmon or pollock). Dogs who have allergies or sensitivities to one source in a category may also react to other proteins in that category. Some LIDs even include plant-based proteins from soy, peas, or oats.

Carbohydrates can be nearly anything, but generally include those known to be less likely to cause sensitivities, including rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and oats. 

Grain-Free vs Limited-Ingredient Dog Food

Limited-ingredient diets are not the same as grain-free diets. Grain-free diets are those that contain no grains, such as corn, wheat, oats, or rice. Grain-free diets use alternative carbohydrate sources like potatoes, legumes and quinoa, but they may contain multiple types of protein and carbohydrates, as well as other ingredients. Some limited-ingredient diets are also grain free, and are labeled as both grain free and limited ingredient.

Grain-free canine diets have been implicated in the FDA’s investigation of diet-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart condition in dogs. Consult your veterinarian before putting your dog on a grain-free diet.

Benefits of Limited-Ingredient Dog Food

For dogs with diagnosed food allergies or food sensitivities, limited-ingredient diets are key to keeping them healthy and comfortable. Veterinarians may even suggest a limited-ingredient diet to help diagnose a food allergy in a dog.

“If a dog is suspected of having a dietary allergy, oftentimes an elimination trial is performed, where all food sources are eliminated from the diet, with the exception of a limited number of ingredients, especially proteins,” Dodd says. “If the dog’s clinical signs improve, it suggests that the dog was experiencing an adverse reaction to something in the previous diet that is not present in the limited-ingredient diet.” 

The vet then “challenges” the dog to the suspect ingredient by reintroducing it to the diet to see if the dog reacts. If the dog’s symptoms return, and then resolve when that ingredient is again removed, it’s safe to say the dog is likely allergic to that particular ingredient. Most diet trials last between 8-10 weeks, because it takes that long for the skin and gut cells to turn over and for the food antigens from the previous diet to be eliminated from the body.

Diagnosing food allergies through elimination trials is tricky. The food must be absolutely free from any ingredients other than those stated on the ingredients list, including traces of ingredients that result from cross-contamination. In addition, the food must be manufactured in machines that are completely cleaned in between runs of different types of food, otherwise trace antigens of other proteins and/or carbohydrates will be present in the food. For that reason, veterinarians generally use a prescription limited-ingredient diet to perform these trials. Once a dog’s allergies have been identified, the pet owner may opt to continue feeding the prescription diet the dog does well on, or try an over-the-counter diet that does not contain any of the dog’s known allergens. 

Dogs with no known allergies or sensitivities can enjoy limited-ingredient diets, too. “What is more important than looking at the number or type of ingredients is looking at the nutrient profile and determining if it fits with that dog’s individual requirements,” Dodd says. “Each dog is an individual, and their specific requirements should be considered when a diet is selected, both with respect to the number and types of ingredients they may or may not tolerate, as well as the nutrient profile that would suit their health and lifestyle best.” 

Always work with your veterinarian to determine the best type of diet for your dog’s nutritional needs. 

Is Limited-Ingredient Dog Food Right for Your Pup?

If you’re considering making the switch to a limited-ingredient diet, talk to your veterinarian first. Limited-ingredient diets can be a great option for most dogs whether or not they have food allergies or sensitivities, but all the formulas are slightly different. 

“A complete and balanced limited-ingredient diet is just as sufficient as any other complete and balanced diet in providing all the nutrients that a dog is known to require,” Dodd says. “For example, an older dog may require a diet relatively high in energy and protein to avoid age-related muscle loss, or, if prone to being overweight, they may require a diet lower in energy to avoid weight gain as their exercise tolerance and activity decreases over time.”

Your vet knows your dog and can offer specific recommendations tailored to your dog’s nutritional needs, as well as answer any questions you might have regarding what to feed, how much to feed, and how to gradually switch your dog’s diet to something new so you can avoid any stomach upset. 

The post Limited-Ingredient Dog Food: Everything You Need to Know appeared first on Great Pet Care.

We asked a veterinarian to answer some of the most frequently asked questions surrounding canines and blueberries. Curious about whether blueberries are safe for dogs, if they impart any health benefits, and which blueberry-infused human foods are dog-friendly (or not)? Here’s everything you need to know. 

Can Dogs Eat Blueberries?

Yes! According to North Carolina-based veterinarian Dr. Judy Morgan, who specializes in integrative veterinary medicine, blueberries are a great alternative to store-bought goodies.

Naturally bite-sized, portable, and delicious, blueberries are safe to use as a reward while dog training. You could also use them as a fancy food topper for special occasions like birthdays or adoption anniversaries. 

Are Blueberries Good for Dogs?

“Blueberries are a very healthy treat and food addition for dogs,” says Morgan. 

A well-known “superfood,” blueberries are good for dogs, providing canines with some of the same health benefits they pass on to humans. For this reason, you might find this powerful berry on the ingredients list for some dog treats. (More on this later!) 

So, what are the benefits of blueberries for dogs? For one, they’re packed with anthocyanins, the fancy term for a type of antioxidant that fights free radicals or unstable atoms that destroy cells and speed up aging, says Morgan. 

Antioxidants help protect your pooch’s body and brain from these microscopic, destructive forces. This is especially key for older dogs. In fact, studies show a more antioxidant-rich diet can lower the effects of cognitive decline in seniors (1.)

Blueberries also offer up plenty of vitamin C and health-boosting plant-based nutrients, as well as fiber, which helps feed the beneficial bacteria in your dog’s gut that promote a healthy immune system, notes Morgan. 

For all the benefits attributed to blueberries, there are some that remain unproven. For example, blueberries are often credited with helping to cure urinary tract infections (UTIs) or remove tear stains from underneath your pup’s eyes. However, according to Morgan, the jury is still out.

“There’s little scientific evidence to support the use of blueberries to treat UTIs—but they won’t hurt, either,” says Morgan. 

As far as tear stain removal goes, these rust-colored marks can happen for a number of reasons—one of which may be bacteria on the surface of a dog’s eyes or skin. So changing your dog’s microbiome for the better with foods like blueberries could lead to improvements, says Morgan. But, again, there’s no research to back this up as a go-to treatment. 

Are Blueberries Bad for Dogs? 

Blueberries aren’t bad for dogs. Generally, they’re safe for puppies, adult dogs, and seniors, alike. If you have a particularly small dog, keep in mind that they could be a choking hazard—so consider chopping or mashing them up.

One potential downside: If you feed your pup very large quantities of blueberries, they could end up with an upset stomach or diarrhea, says Morgan. That’s why it’s important to think of blueberries as an occasional treat to be enjoyed in moderation…not served by the bucket-full. 

Blueberries and Dogs: Feeding Tips

It’s okay to feed your dog fresh or frozen blueberries. Both options are healthier choices than dried blueberries, which can be high in added sugar and preservatives. 

When preparing blueberries for your pup, wash them thoroughly with fresh water to remove any dirt or pesticides, just as you would for yourself, before serving them to your dog.  

If you’re wondering just how many blueberries your dog can eat (and how often), follow the 10 percent rule: About 90 percent of your dog’s diet should be devoted to a dog food that provides complete and balanced nutrition. The rest can go to snacks like dog-friendly fruits, veggies, and treats, including blueberries. 

Of course, what this portion looks like will depend on the size of your dog. “Anywhere from a few blueberries a day for very small dogs to up to ¼ cup twice daily for larger dogs should be fine,” says Morgan. 

As far as other treats go, consider most blueberry-based human foods off-limits for dogs. Don’t feed your little one baked goods like blueberry muffins or pancakes, which are often high in sugar and other ingredients that aren’t good for dogs, advises Morgan. The same goes for yogurt products with large amounts of added sugars or those containing artificial sweeteners, which can be toxic to dogs. 

When serving your pup blueberries for the first time, watch them closely to detect any signs of an adverse reaction. Be sure to consult with your veterinarian if you have any questions or concerns about including blueberries in your dog’s diet.  

The post Can Dogs Eat Blueberries? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

From benefits and uses, to side effects and tips for administration, we guide you through what you need to know about vitamin E for dogs.

What is Vitamin E?

Vitamin E comes in eight forms, the most common of which is a potent antioxidant called alpha-tocopherol. It shares something in common with vitamins A, D, and K. “Vitamin E is one of the four fat soluble vitamins that are metabolized like fat and stored in fatty tissue and the liver,” says Dr. George Melillo, chief veterinary officer at Heart + Paw, headquartered in Philadelphia.

Natural sources of vitamin E are found in a number of foods including: 

• Fruits and vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, avocados
• Vegetable oils:  Wheat germ, sunflower oil, safflower oil
• Nuts and seeds: Almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds
• Seafood: Rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon 

Manufacturers also add vitamin E to fortify pet foods, as well as human foods like cereals, fruit juices, and margarine. It’s also offered in supplement form.  

In human wellness regimens, vitamin E helps prevent blood clots and boosts the immune system (which aids in warding off illness), but it’s mostly coveted for its powerful antioxidant properties. Antioxidants protect cells, organs, and tissues from the havoc caused by free radicals, like air pollution and the sun’s ultraviolet light.

Benefits of Vitamin E for Dogs

Is vitamin E good for dogs? Dr. Melilo explains that vitamin E for dogs offers plenty of benefits. “It helps keep a dog’s immune system, muscles, heart, liver, nerve cells and skin healthy,” says Melillo. It also helps stabilize cell membranes, he adds. Membrane stabilization plays a potential role in canine pain management.

Additionally, “It’s an antioxidant that helps protect cells against damage from free radicals, and it has some immune and anti-inflammatory benefits,” says Dr. Gabrielle Fadl, a veterinarian at BondVet, based in New York City. In fact, one study suggests higher doses of vitamin E might be effective for reducing inflammation and signs of pain associated with canine osteoarthritis (CAD).

Though veterinarians say vitamin E deficiencies in dogs are rare, when they do occur, Fadl says they “can lead to problems with the eyes, nervous system, and reproductive system.” 

Vitamin E for Dogs’ Skin

Vitamin E supplements for dogs are most commonly used to help with dog skin conditions, including canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). One study found low vitamin E levels present in dogs with CAD, which supports the idea that vitamin E supplementation may help dogs with skin problems.

“While not all dogs need vitamin E supplementation (it’s already part of a complete and balanced dog food), sometimes vets recommend additional vitamin E for dogs with specific conditions that could benefit from it,” says Fadl. “Skin problems are a common example, including allergic skin disease, dry skin, itchy skin, ear problems, and irritation from skin mites.

How to Give Vitamin E to Dogs

Vitamin E deficiencies in dogs are rare, so your dog may not need supplementation. In fact, too much vitamin E can be harmful. This is why, “Before giving a dog any supplement, I recommend that a pet parent first consult their veterinarian,” says Melillo.

Natural Vitamin E for Dogs: A Complete and Balanced Diet

If you feed your dog a complete and balanced commercial diet, chances are she’s already getting an adequate amount of vitamin E. 

Some foods with vitamin E for dogs that you might recognize on dog food labels include:

• Salmon
• Peas
• Blueberries
• Sweet potatoes 

However, you don’t need to go searching for individual ingredients. “Most quality commercial dog foods have at least the minimum daily requirements of vitamin E so the great majority of dogs do not need supplements,” says Melillo. “If a dog food says it contains the essential vitamins and minerals or that it is complete and balanced, you can be confident it contains adequate amounts of vitamin E.”

How can you be certain the food you’re feeding your dog is complete and balanced? “The FDA regulates pet foods and most states also adopt the regulations set forth by The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). This group helps set profiles that provide the proper levels of nutrients and vitamins required for dogs,” adds Melillo.

Note that unless they’ve been approved by a veterinary nutritionist, home-cooked diets are prone to nutritional imbalances, says Fadl. So they may not contain adequate amounts of vitamin E for dogs.

How to Give Your Dog Vitamin E

Vitamin E supplements for dogs come in a variety of forms. These include  

• A vitamin E supplement or multivitamin formulated with vitamin E, in pill, capsule, or chewable form
• Vitamin E oil for dogs that gets added to food
• Vitamin E powders that get added to food
• As part of a therapeutic dog diet prescribed by a veterinarian
• Vitamin E topical creams and balms for skin conditions
• Dog shampoos formulated with vitamin E
• Vitamin E oil for dogs that is applied topically

Vitamin E for dogs should preferably be given orally, either in food or via supplement, says Melillo. “This is the ideal way to be sure the pet ingests the amounts needed for health.” 

Aside from your veterinarian’s recommendation, a deciding factor in which form you choose is ease of administration. “Dogs that love treats may benefit from a chewable. Dogs that eat their food readily may be fine with a powder or oil added to a food. Some very finicky pets may need a pill form administered to them,” Melillo adds.

Multivitamins and Vitamin E Supplements for Dogs: What to Look For

Most multivitamins contain vitamin E, says Melillo, however, “It is important to look at the label and be sure that it lists vitamin E as a component. There are some supplements that do not have vitamin E. Consulting your veterinarian is critical when deciding if any supplement is needed, especially vitamins.”

Another factor to consider when choosing supplements for your dog is product quality. “There are many different vitamin products out there, and they are not always subject to stringent regulations,” says Fadl. “So different multivitamins may contain differing amounts of various vitamins and other substances. It’s best to check exactly what’s in it, and ask your vet prior to starting a new vitamin or supplement.”

Vitamin E Dosage for Dogs

Vitamin E dosing can differ by product and will be based on your veterinarian’s recommendations. Generally, though, “The daily requirement for puppies is 400 IU of vitamin E and 800 IU for dogs over two years of age,” says Melilo. ”That is typically all that a pet needs.” 

If your veterinarian advises a vitamin E supplement, the amount of the supplement should be added to what is eaten in the dog’s diet. “The total should generally be below 2000 IU per day for small dogs or 3000 IU per day for larger breeds,” adds Melillo.

Vitamin E Side Effects for Dogs

Is vitamin E dangerous for dogs? Vitamin E is generally considered safe for dogs, provided it’s given at the recommended dose and is a quality product. However, pet parents should pay close attention to the dosage and not overdo it. 

“Though very rare, there could be problems if too much vitamin E is given to a dog,” says Melillo. “There is the potential for too much vitamin E causing gastrointestinal problems, muscle problems, or bleeding problems in a dog.”

If you notice any signs—like vomiting, diarrhea, or itching—after giving your dog a supplement, Melillo recommends stopping the supplement until you can discuss it with your veterinarian. Because of potential problems, it’s best to keep any supplements out of your canine’s reach.

To avoid complications, your best bet is to follow your veterinarian’s advice on form and dosage. 

Where to Buy Vitamin E Supplements for Dogs

If your veterinarian agrees that vitamin E supplementation can benefit your dog, we have some tips on how to select the best products.

Which is Best: Human or Dog Vitamin E Supplements?

Unless approved by your veterinarian, it’s best to use a supplement made for dogs, says Fadl. “Human vitamins typically contain different (often much larger) doses, and they may contain other substances that could be harmful to dogs.” For example, some human-grade supplements contain xylitol, which can be toxic for dogs.

Qualities to Look for in a Dog Vitamin E Supplement

Select a brand with clinical evidence to support its claims. “Also read the label carefully and look for a lot number which conveys a certain level of quality control,” says Melillo. ”There should also be a number to contact the manufacturer with questions. Remember, these are supplements so be cautious about any exaggerated claims.”

Buying Vitamin E Supplements for Dogs

If you’re ready to shop for a vitamin E supplement for your dog, start with your veterinarian. “It is best to consult your veterinarian on the recommended vitamin supplement. Often they have vitamins that they know to be safe and effective,” Melillo says.

Once you have a recommendation, you can start shopping. A few places to check, aside from your veterinarian’s office include

• Online pet supply shops
• Brick and mortar pet supply shops
• Online general retailers
• The pet section of big box stores
• Natural grocers

The post Vitamin E for Dogs: Benefits and Uses appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Like us, dogs also need a complete and balanced diet to meet all of their nutritional needs. But could they also benefit from a dog multivitamin each morning?

As it turns out, the answer to that question depends on a couple of different factors. Read on to learn what vitamins and minerals canines need to stay healthy, whether yours might need an extra boost, and how to find the best multivitamin for dogs.

Do Dogs Need Vitamins?

Yes! “Dogs, just like their human counterparts, need supplemental vitamins at different stages throughout their lives,” confirms Dr. Katalin Grant, a veterinarian specializing in general and emergency medicine.

Vitamins and minerals support puppies’ growth and development, keep mothers healthy, and help older dogs age with comfort and dignity. Your pet’s specific needs can vary and change over time depending on their age, breed, and health status. 

As a good pet parent, it’s important to make sure your pup is taking in a proper balance of essential nutrients. Just as you may feel weak or fatigued due to a vitamin B12 deficiency, dogs too can suffer when they’re low on an essential nutrient. For example, a vitamin A deficiency causes impaired vision and motor skills, skin lesions, and breathing problems, among other issues (1). Too little vitamin B1 (thiamin), and your dog could develop neurological problems or heart damage over time (1). 

On the other end of the spectrum,  too much of a good thing could also be toxic to dogs, says Dr. Valerie J. Parker, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and associate professor of clinical small animal internal medicine and nutrition in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. 

“The biggest risk of toxicities comes from over-administration of fat-soluble vitamins,” she says. Case in point: Dogs only need a little vitamin D. Giving them too much could cause kidney failure (2)—a scenario you definitely want to avoid. 

For these reasons, it’s important to always consult with your veterinarian before adding any dog vitamins or supplements to your pet’s diet. 

Essential Dog Vitamins and Minerals 

So what exactly do you need to ensure your pup’s covered nutrition-wise? The same vitamins and minerals we rely on—just in different amounts. 

Here’s a quick overview of the vitamins and minerals dogs rely on for their overall health and well-being: 

• Vitamin A for fetal development, growth, vision, and immune function 
• B vitamins (biotin, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12) for metabolism, healthy blood cells and nervous system   
• Vitamin C for cognition and protection from harmful free radicals 
• Vitamin D for healthy muscles and bones 
• Vitamin E for healthy functioning and metabolism 
• Vitamin K for blood-clotting ability 

While it’s technically not a vitamin or a mineral, choline is an essential nutrient for healthy brain liver and function.

Considering the many benefits of vitamins and minerals for dogs, it’s no wonder pet parents want to ensure their pups are getting all the nutrients they need.

Should I Give My Dog Vitamins? 

It depends. “Dogs eating commercially prepared complete and balanced diets generally do not need any additional supplements,” Dr. Parker says. As long as you’re serving your dog specially-formulated chow that’s appropriate for their age and breed, there’s usually no need to stock up on additional vitamins. 

To check up on your dog food, look for a fine-print section on the package with the phrase “provides complete and balanced nutrition” or “formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profile.” That’s your sign that your choice of chow covers all 37 daily nutritional needs for dogs, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials (essentially the gold standard for dog foods in the United States). 

Otherwise? There are a handful of potential exceptions to the rule. If you serve your dog home-prepared meals, they could be missing out on some essential nutrients. So, supplemental dog vitamins could help ensure they’re getting everything they need, says Dr. Grant. Pups that are living with chronic health conditions like allergies, joint conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, or cancer, as well as young and aging dogs, may also need supplements.

If your dog checks off one of the boxes above or has been showing concerning symptoms such as pacing and discomfort despite their current treatment plan, ask your veterinarian if adding supplements to their diet could help.  

Dog Vitamins: What to Look for and Choose 

Dog vitamins are available in multiple forms including powders, tablets, capsules, liquids, chews, and treats. With so many options, trying to find the best one can quickly become overwhelming. 

If you believe your dog could benefit from vitamins, the first step is to contact a trusted veterinarian for help. At the end of the day, the best dog vitamins are those that suit your dog’s specific needs, and a professional pet health care provider knows best what to recommend. 

As you peruse your options, there are a few must-haves to look out for. One is simple: “If you see the ingredients clearly stated on the label and the mg or IU content of the vitamins provided that’s a good start,” says Dr. Grant. Vet-recommended dog vitamins or those formulated by a veterinary nutritionist are also preferable, she says. 

Of course, you want vitamin supplements for dogs that address their health needs, such as glucosamine and chondroitin for joint support, omega-3 fatty acids for a healthy coat and skin, or probiotics for digestive support. Some supplements contain all three of these things. It’s also essential to ensure the product contains the correct dosage for your dog’s size and weight. 

Lastly, look for a vitamin that’s been third-party tested for purity and quality, says Dr. Grant. While this isn’t a guarantee, it’s a big plus because it shows a company is covering their bases in an industry that’s low on regulations. 

Dog Vitamins: What to Consider 

Vitamins are the building blocks of life, but adding them to your dog’s diet could come with some risks. 

Again, there’s the problem of a supplements industry with few regulations. Because of this, it helps to choose products from reputable companies to minimize the risk of contaminating your dog’s diet, says Dr. Parker. 

Then, there’s the very real worry of giving your dog too much of a good thing. “You should not assume that all supplements can only help and cannot harm,” says Dr. Parker. In fact, pups are at a greater risk of poisoning due to excess vitamins than suffering from a vitamin deficiency, per the ASPCA. Adding vitamins to your dog’s diet without expert assistance could result in causing more harm than good. 

Still, there are plenty of reasons why you may be considering adding dog vitamins to your pup’s diet, and they can be helpful in the right dosages after your veterinarian has confirmed a deficiency or special health need.  

For loving pet parents, sometimes the simplest option is also the best one: Don’t take dog nutrition and dietary supplements into your own hands. Instead, lean on your veterinarian and trust them to recommend the vitamins your pup needs throughout their lifespan.

The post Dog Vitamins: Are They Necessary? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

While some veterinarians tout the nutritional benefits of bones, many others warn of potential safety issues. Between 2010 and 2017, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) received reports of 90 dogs who had become sick or injured after eating bone treats (processed bones sold as dog treats) (1). Symptoms varied widely—everything from choking, vomiting, and mouth cuts to gastrointestinal blockage, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and even death. 

Of course, it’s always best to talk to your veterinarian when deciding whether to feed your dog any type of bone or raw food diet. But to help you navigate the issue, we asked veterinarians on both sides of the debate for their insights about the benefits and risks of feeding your dog bones. 

Are Bones Good For Dogs?

Veterinarians who support the practice of feeding your dog an occasional bone cite two primary benefits: 

Nutritional Benefits of Bones for Dogs

Bones are a good source of calcium and phosphorus, both of which play a role in supporting the development of strong bones and muscles. However, a dog who’s fed a complete and balanced diet—formulated according to standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)—doesn’t need additional minerals, says Dr. Lindsey E. Bullen, diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition and veterinary nutritionist at BluePearl Specialty + Emergency Pet Hospital in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina. In fact, a surplus of these nutrients could cause other medical problems. “For example, excessive calcium can result in hypercalcemia and calcium oxalate urolithiasis/urinary stones,” Bullen explains.

While it may seem natural and beneficial to feed your pup meaty bones similar to the ones their ancestors may have eaten in the wild, keep in mind that dogs diverged from wolves tens of thousands of years ago… as did their dietary needs. 

According to Bullen, “Just because wolves eat bones doesn’t mean our pets should.” Wolves, she says, eat bones because they have fewer options. “I would no more recommend feeding my kids like their ancient Neanderthal cousins than I would recommend my dog being fed like a wolf, even though she is a Shepherd.”

Dental Benefits of Bones for Dogs

Bones can promote dental health and satisfy a dog’s natural urge to chew, says Dr. Laurie S. Coger, an integrative and functional medicine veterinarian and founder of Healthy Dog Workshop and Healthy Dog Expo. According to Coger, “Thoughtfully chosen bones, appropriate for a dog’s size and chewing style, are great for dogs.” 

In a study published in the Australian Veterinary Journal, of the eight Beagles evaluated, those who were fed raw bovine bones had a reduction in dental calculus of up to 87.8 percent (2). However, according to veterinarians, the flipside is that munching on bones can result in dental fractures, as well as other injuries such as gum lacerations and choking. And because dogs don’t easily digest bones, ingesting them can result in blockage of the small intestine.

Though the study’s researchers found no evidence of tooth fractures, gastrointestinal obstructions, or pieces of bone stuck between the Beagles’ teeth, they reported that the bone was diminished to smaller pieces, and in some cases completely eaten. 

Do crushed and ground bones make a difference?

Crushed and ground bones can reduce the risk of obstruction and cuts, provided that the final components are ground so small they won’t block the gastrointestinal tract, says Bullen. However, there’s a difference between crushed or ground bones and those that are broken down into small chunks. “If the bones are broken down to smaller pieces, there can be a risk of GI obstruction and perforation, which is a surgical and life-threatening emergency,” Bullen adds.

Can Dogs Eat Bones?

A number of veterinarians agree the risks of eating bones outweigh the benefits for dogs. 

“I am sure there are millions of dogs who have chewed on a bone and lived to tell the tale,” says Colorado-based veterinarian Dr. Sarah J. Wooten. “But, as a veterinarian, I always get to treat the dogs that didn’t have such a safe and enjoyable time. And I would like to save each and every one of those dogs the pain and suffering associated with bone chewing gone wrong.” 

As a general rule, holistic veterinarian and founder of Pet Synergy Dr. Anna Maria Wolf recommends large-sized marrow bones (also known as leg bones) because they’re less likely to splinter and break off into smaller pieces. 

There are some exceptions to this rule, however.  Here’s a breakdown of some of the most popular types of bones.

Can Dogs Eat Chicken Bones?

Chicken marrow bones are small, which increases the risk of blockage. Additionally, “cooked chicken bones can splinter and cause damage to the digestive tract and should never be fed,” says Wolf. “Feeding raw chicken bones also presents some risks.” Therefore, chicken bones should never be fed to dogs. If your dog does somehow ingest chicken bones, or any other type of bones, stay vigilant for any signs or symptoms that could indicate a potential problem.

Can Dogs Eat Rib Bones?

Rib bones are larger than chicken bones, but Wolf generally doesn’t recommend them for dogs. “They are more likely to splinter and can be swallowed and cause choking,” she warns. They also contain too much saturated fat for dogs, putting them at risk of pancreatitis. Rib bones are also one of the offenders listed in the FDA’s report on injuries and illnesses suffered by dogs who ate certain bone treats. 

Can Dogs Eat Ham Bones?

Wolf doesn’t recommend ham bones because they tend to splinter. Ham bones are also considered too high in fat for a dog’s nutritional needs. They’re also listed in the FDA’s report as a category of bone treats that caused injury or illness to dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Turkey Bones?

Turkey marrow bones are larger than chicken bones. However, that doesn’t necessarily make them a safer choice. “Many people feed them as part of a raw food diet,” says Wolf. “But it is important to be aware that they can cause choking and obstruction. It’s also crucial (as with chicken or any bone) to avoid contamination and be aware of the risks,” she adds.

Can Dogs Eat Steak Bones?

The advantage of raw steak bones is that they’re harder than most other types of animal bones, so are less likely to splinter than, say, a chicken or turkey marrow bone. However, “I don’t recommend these due to the size and the risk of choking and obstruction,” says Wolf.

Another reason not to let dogs eat steak bones, says Wooten, is the risk of pancreatic inflammation due to the high fat content.

Can Dogs Eat Lamb Bones?

Provided they’re large leg bones, they’re ok to use, says Wolf. Just “make sure they are the right size—larger than the muzzle—for your dog.”

Can Dogs Eat Pork Chop Bones?    

Veterinarians recommend against feeding dogs pork bones because of the increased risk of injury. “I generally avoid pork bones, as they do seem to break off and pose an obstruction risk,” says Coger. Pork femur bones are on the FDA’s list of bone treats that caused injury or illness to dogs. 

Bones for Dogs: Raw vs. Cooked 

Raw and cooked bones present different types of hazards.

Can Dogs Eat Raw Bones?

A primary risk associated with raw bones (or any raw food diet for dogs) is the potential for bacterial contamination. The American Veterinary Medical Association discourages feeding cats and dogs any meat that has not been adequately cooked to destroy harmful pathogens (3).  

Raw bones have a significantly increased risk of harboring bacteria and parasites, including E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter, says Bullen. 

“Bacterial contamination can cause vomiting and diarrhea in dogs, and it can be dangerous for humans with reduced immune systems,” adds Wooten.

Can Dogs Eat Cooked Bones?

Cooking does kill potentially harmful bacteria, so in that regard, they’re preferable to raw bones, says Bullen. “However, cooking can cause bones to splinter or break more easily because it starts to soften and break down the bone. This increases the risk of gastrointestinal obstruction and/or perforation caused by splintered bone fragments.”

Bone Safety Tips for Dog Parents

If you’d like to feed your dog an occasional bone, here are some veterinarian-approved guidelines to help you do so safely.

Start With Your Veterinarian

Wolf, who feeds bones to her own dogs, admits it’s a tough decision to make for pet parents, which is why she strongly recommends working with a veterinarian. 

Your veterinarian understands your dog’s medical history and can best determine if bones are conducive to their good health. “Dogs with immune system issues, for example, or who are on immunosuppressive medications should not eat bones. Or for dogs with other health conditions such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), bones would not be recommended,” explains Wolf.

Work with a Veterinary Nutritionist

Consult a veterinary professional with extensive training in pet nutrition. “If a person wants to feed raw bones, I recommend working with a board-certified veterinary nutritionist to formulate the diet,” says Wooten.

Always Supervise Chew Time

Animals should always be supervised when chewing any object, recommends Bullen. “If the bone (or toy, or whatever it may be) fractures, the pet should not be allowed to consume it, and it should be thrown away.” 

Be aware that dogs can be possessive of bones, adds Wolf.  “Some dogs are very obsessive and will grind their teeth down by chewing too much and chewing off chunks of bone. So for those dogs, I would probably avoid bones altogether or only provide them for short times with supervision.”

Know When to ‘Size Up’

Generally, it’s a good idea to “size up” any chew item you offer your pet, offers Bullen. “A dog should not be able to get their jaw around it, but rather should have to gnaw on it from the side,” she explains.

Keep in mind that even larger dogs can become injured from eating bones improperly, says Wolf. “So consult with your veterinarian to determine if they are able to eat bones.”

Prepare it Properly

Avoid serving cooked bones, as they can easily splinter and break apart. Coger says you should also never feed your dog frozen bones. “It makes the bone very hard and poses a tooth breaking risk.”

Bones can be crushed or ground with meat, provided they’re ground up small and don’t have any sharp pieces, says Wolf. “This is safer as far as choking and chewing damage, but also loses some of the advantages, such as behavioral benefits and teeth cleaning.”

Bone Alternatives for Dogs

Other products—like antlers and pig ears—exist on the market, but Bullen recommends avoiding these alternative animal chews. “They can potentially be contaminated and tend to have many extra, empty calories, which causes obesity and results in an unbalanced diet.”

A durable chew toy is a great alternative to animal bones, says Bullen. “Speak with your veterinary dentist and/or your veterinarian, as they likely have safe chew toy recommendations.”

Though it won’t satisfy your dog’s need to chew, bone broth is another healthy option to consider, and “They might be a safer option where bones could be a concern,” says Wolf. Potential benefits of bone broth for dogs include improved joint health, immune support, a good source of essential minerals, and support for digestive health.

As always, ask your veterinarian if any of these options are appropriate for your dog. There’s no doubt that your pup deserves a treat from time to time. Knowing all the facts and consulting with a trusted pro ensures you can make the best decision for your pet.

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There are a number of plant-based protein sources that can be incorporated into your pet’s diet. However, the best kind of vegan dog food is one formulated by a veterinary nutritionist or from a reputable commercial food brand that meets the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) regulations.  

Keep reading to learn about the pros and cons of a vegan diet for dogs, and a  breakdown of plant-based protein sources featured in vegan dog foods. 

How Much Protein Does a Dog Need?

Similar to humans, dogs need protein in their bodies to help run everything smoothly. When consumed in the right quantities, protein helps build and repair muscles, grow and maintain tissues, and helps with essential activities throughout the body. Although the exact protein intake differs by breed and weight, it’s imperative that a balanced diet with the right protein is fed to the dog for optimal well being.

According to Dr. Michelle Burch, veterinarian at Safe Hounds Pet Insurance, the rule of thumb for meeting the protein requirement for dogs is “to feed 1 gram of protein per pound of current body weight.” To prevent protein deficiency, AAFCO recommends protein ingestion of 4.5 grams/100 kcal for adult dogs and 5.63 grams/100 kcal for pregnant or nursing dogs and puppies. 

“Adequate protein ensures strength in muscles, skin, and fur while also playing an important role in managing hormones and enzymes for bodily functions to keep the immune system strong,” says Minneapolis-based animal nutritionist Ashii Vrohidis. 

There are 10 specific amino acids (building blocks of proteins) that are essential for dogs. They are typically derived from top protein sources such as chicken, beef, and pork. These proteins are easily digestible and widely available. (Learn more about a dog’s protein requirements here: Protein for Dogs: Everything You Need to Know).

However, dogs can have an intolerance to certain proteins, most commonly chicken, beef, and eggs. In these instances, limited-ingredient, hypoallergenic, or vegan dog foods can be considered.

It’s important to note that not all sources of protein are created equal; ingesting too little protein can cause health issues for the pet. When a dog is not getting enough protein, it can lead to “weight loss, insatiable hunger, lethargy, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea,” according to Dr. Lorelei Wakefield, an animal welfare veterinarian and long-time ethical vegan. “If you suspect your dog has protein deficiency (which can occur on any diet), please see your veterinarian. It can typically be diagnosed with a simple blood test.”

On the other hand, if a dog is consuming too much protein, it can cause weight gain. Dogs with kidney or liver disease should not intake excessive protein, as it can worsen the disease, Burch adds. 

Can Dogs Be Vegan?

Dogs are omnivores and can eat a vegan diet so long as protein sources and other nutritional requirements are met.   

“Most healthy dogs will maintain adequate blood protein on a plant-based diet. Some dogs, though, are unable to digest certain proteins well,” says Wakefield. She explains that there is confusion as to whether dogs can eat a vegan diet; they are often classified taxonomically as carnivores, “due to their dental structure and intestinal length, while they are physiologically omnivores. Their digestive systems have adapted, as they have evolved alongside humankind, eating our foods such as starches.” 

Vrohidis, however, says that while plant-based protein can provide “a multitude of vitamins and minerals and help initially lower cholesterol, weight loss, and rectify liver issues, they do not contain the proper absorption for normal canine bodily functions.”  

If your dog has allergies and/or food sensitivity to meat and eggs, and you are considering a vegan dog food, it can be helpful to seek advice from a board-certified veterinary nutritionist. “A boarded veterinary nutritionist will help choose the best vegan diet for your pet or create a specialized homemade recipe ensuring your pet is eating all of the vital nutrients needed for long and healthy life,” recommends Burch. 

Vegan Dog Food Benefits and Risks 

A major benefit of vegan dog food is the treatment of food allergies, which manifest in the form of skin and ear inflammation and infections. “Plant-based dog food tends to be low in common dietary allergens and can help clear up itchy skin and ears,” says Wakefield.  

“We often see increased energy and I have also heard reports of better joint health and even decreased tear staining,” adds Wakefield. Other benefits include avoiding foods containing hormones and antibiotics that are present in some meats. 

Potential risks of a vegan dog diet include “soft stool (typically temporary) and low protein, if your dog has trouble digesting plant-based food,” Wakefield says. 

A vegan diet for dogs may also be associated with canine heart disease known as non-hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), although there is insufficient conclusive data at this time. “The most recent information released by the FDA based on their investigation shows a high correlation of (non-hereditary) DCM with diets with a high concentration of peas or lentils,” says Burch (1). A new August 2021 investigation of diets associated with DCM in dogs found that peas had the most significant link to compounds that could be tied to the disease (2). 

Burch also warns that vegan diets can be “deficient in amino acids, including leucine, methionine, methionine-cystine, and taurine, which are all needed to maintain health.” She recommends working with a veterinary nutritionist who can “formulate a complete and balanced diet to prevent any adverse effects from a deficient diet.”

Vegan Dog Food: 7 Protein Sources to Know

Most plant-based proteins are not complete amino acids. Instead, they contain limiting amino acids, such as lysine, threonine, methionine, and tryptophan. According to Vrohidis, these protein sources are meant “to be consumed with a different plant-based protein that is rich in a complementary amino acid for absorption.” Foods with limiting amino acids include beans, grains, corn, peas, potatoes, and legumes. 

Below are seven common plant-based protein sources that are included in vegan dog foods:

Soy

Soy is a protein sourced from soybeans that is commonly found in dog foods. As long as your dog does not have a diagnosed soy allergy, this protein-rich meat substitute can be a good option, because it is also high in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Half a cup of cooked textured soy protein has 11 grams of protein.

Quinoa

Quinoa is a nutrient-rich seed, despite often being referred to as a grain. Vrohidis says quinoa is “your safest plant-based complete protein, which has less protein by volume compared to its animal counterparts.” One cup of cooked quinoa provides 8.14 grams of protein. 

Buckwheat

Despite its name, buckwheat is not wheat; it’s actually a gluten-free seed packed with iron, copper, potassium, and magnesium. While not as high in protein as quinoa, buckwheat is another plant-based source of complete protein. A cooked cup provides 3.38 grams of protein. 

Chickpeas

These legumes, also known as Garbanzo beans, are easily digestible, rich in carbohydrates and protein, and full of fiber. A cup of cooked chickpeas has a whopping 20 grams of protein.  

Barley

While it doesn’t have as much protein as quinoa, barley is still a good source of protein (with 3.55 grams of protein per cup). It’s a cereal grain that is low in cholesterol and high in fiber. 

Oats

Oats, which are grains from the cereal plant, Avena Sativa, are a good source of fiber and protein. They make a good alternative to wheat. One cup of whole grain rolled oats has 10 grams of protein. 

Green Peas

Peas are an excellent source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. One cup of peas provides close to 8 grams of protein. While experts say there is no reason to completely avoid dog foods that contain high quantities of peas at this time, it’s worth using caution until researchers determine the exact cause of DCM.

Homemade Vegan Dog Food

Vegan diets are often challenging to design and formulate; they may not meet all of the dog’s dietary needs if done without consultation from a veterinarian nutritionist. 

Alternatively, a quality commercial vegan dog food that meets the AAFCO requirements to ensure that the appropriate amount of protein is ingested, can be given to the dog. However, a study of 24 commercial vegan or vegetarian diets in 2015 concluded most diets were not compliant with AAFCO labeling regulations (3). “Many had concerns regarding adequate amino acid content,” says Burch. It’s important to read product labels and/or contact the company before switching your dog’s diet. 

Vegan Diet for Dogs: Other Considerations 

You may be considering vegan dog food for ethical reasons. However, Burch reminds pet parents that “if the diet is not tailored specifically for your dog with a veterinary nutritionist, this can create significant health problems.”   

The FDA suggests reviewing the ingredient list on your pet’s food to see whether legumes like peas or lentils, other legume seeds (pulses), and/or potatoes are listed as one of the main ingredients, and to work with your veterinarian prior to making any changes in your dog’s diet (1). 

If your dog has food allergies and cannot consume certain animal proteins, work with your veterinarian to choose the best diet for your pet that will ensure he gets all the nutrients, minerals, and vitamins he needs to be healthy.   

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“Pomegranate is not a common ingredient, but is becoming a more popular trend,” says Dr. Emily Townsend Luisana, veterinarian and clinical nutrition fellow at BluePearl Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas.

But does that mean the next time you scoop out some delicious, deep red pomegranate seeds, you should offer some to your dog, too? If you’ve ever wondered, “Can dogs eat pomegranates?” or “Is pomegranate safe for dogs?” keep reading to find out if your dog can benefit from this superfruit, too.

Can Dogs Eat Pomegranate?

First, if you’re looking for a clean-cut, yes-or-no answer on whether pomegranates are safe for dogs, a quick anatomy lesson on the fruit will tell you it’s not that simple. Pomegranates contain many different parts, and not all of them may be pet-friendly. 

“Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a shrub or tree that produces pomegranate fruit. The leaves are not edible for dogs and can contain high levels of toxins,” notes Dr. Cristine Hayes, medical director at ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. “The fruit has a hard skin, also called a peel, and a spongy flesh organized into chambers that contain the seeds.”

All parts of the fruit (skin, flesh, and seeds) are rich in polyphenols (compounds packed with antioxidants), which is why you might be interested in sharing some pomegranate with your pup. But not all parts should be eaten.

“Although they are technically edible, the skin and flesh are poorly digestible and pose a risk for a digestive tract obstruction,” says Dr. Hayes. “The skin can be used in the production of pomegranate extract, which is used in dietary supplements and food. The seeds and juice within the seeds are edible for dogs, although large quantities of seeds can cause digestive upset, and since they don’t break down easily, they can also cause a digestive tract blockage.”

Adds Dr. Luisana, “The seeds themselves are generally safe in moderation and a good source of naturally occurring antioxidants (such as vitamin C and polyphenols) and fiber.”

Are Pomegranates Good for Dogs?

There are a number of research studies on the benefits of pomegranates for dogs, which is why you are increasingly likely to find pomegranate or pomegranate extract in dog foods, treats, and canine dietary supplements promoting wellness and joint health. Overall, pomegranate contains antioxidants, which are frequently used in the formulation of dog food and dietary supplements to support health and reduce inflammation, according to Dr. Hayes. Here are a few examples of pomegranate’s benefits:

• Most pet foods and products containing pomegranate tout its antioxidant properties (which can reduce normally occurring oxidative damage and that associated with certain disease states) and its fiber content (which can aid in digestive health) (1).
  
• Extracts have been studied as a treatment for canine oral health issues (2), such as halitosis (also known as stinky dog breath). Some over-the-counter water additives contain pomegranate extract to promote oral hygiene in dogs.  
  
• Some studies have also shown pomegranate to be potentially useful as a protection against cardiac (heart) health issues (3).
  
• Another study found pomegranate extract to be beneficial in the treatment of ear infections in dogs (4).
  
• Polyphenol-rich ingredients such as pomegranate are frequently incorporated in canine joint supplements to aid in the management of inflammation and osteoarthritis (5).
  
• A nutraceutical containing pomegranate extract was found to be effective in treating one dog with dermal melanoma (6). 
  
• Antioxidants in pomegranate have also been used to reduce the potential spoilage of dog food (7).

Additionally, pomegranate has been suggested as a natural product for use in treating diarrhea and digestive tract parasites. However, there are no good studies evaluating the use of pomegranate for these conditions in dogs, notes Dr. Hayes.

Are Pomegranates Bad for Dogs? 

While pomegranates can be beneficial, consuming pomegranate also poses some risks for dogs.

“Pomegranate skins/peels should not be eaten by dogs. Although extracts are derived from them, they contain tannins that cause digestive upset,” says Dr. Hayes. “They also are not very digestible and can cause a digestive tract obstruction. Large quantities of pomegranate seeds may also cause digestive upset and possibly digestive tract obstruction, as well.”

If you plan to feed your pup any pomegranate, always check to ensure that it is fresh.

“Any fruit that is spoiled or molded is not recommended for dogs, as it can be toxic,” adds Dr. Luisana. “The pomegranate fruit contains a high amount of sugar so may not be recommended for dogs with certain conditions, such as diabetes.”

Pomegranate and Dogs: Feeding Tips

You should know that there are no specific safe or harmful amounts of pomegranate seeds known for dogs, according to Dr. Hayes. So finding the appropriate amount for your pup depends on several factors, including their size and whether they have a history of digestive tract disease. 

“Dogs that eat large quantities at once can develop digestive upset and potentially a digestive tract blockage,” says Dr. Hayes. “They should only be fed occasionally and in small quantities. Dried or dehydrated pomegranate can pose similar risks. However, since they have a much lower water content, the risk for a blockage may be higher.”

If you’re looking to serve your pup pomegranate juice, Dr. Hayes says that it’s considered to be safe in small quantities, as long as there are no additional ingredients such as sugar, xylitol, or other flavorings or additives. So definitely check the label before pouring.

As for how to introduce pomegranate into your dog’s diet, try starting with the fresh stuff.

“Especially when introducing a new food to a pet, I recommend starting small and monitoring closely for any negative side effects,” notes Dr. Luisana. “As most other formulations (dried pomegranates, extracts, etc.) are concentrated, I also recommend starting with fresh fruit, in moderation, to gauge reactions.”

And before serving, make sure you double-check with your veterinarian to ensure pomegranate is safe for your pet.

“Always discuss your dog’s food and any supplements with your veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist as they are in the best position to make individual recommendations,” says Dr. Luisana.

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There are many supplements out there for dogs claiming to aid in their digestion. With digestive enzymes for dogs increasing in popularity, it is important to know what these enzymes are, their purpose, and if they will be beneficial to your dog. 

What Are Digestive Enzymes for Dogs? 

The process of digestion can be divided into two separate categories: mechanical and chemical. An example of mechanical digestion is chewing food, which breaks it up into pieces small enough to swallow. Digestive enzymes help with chemical digestion, and their actions help to break down and dissolve foods so that they can be absorbed by the intestines and utilized by the body. 

Humans and dogs alike produce their own digestive enzymes. Digestive enzymes are produced mainly in the saliva, stomach, and pancreas of humans. In contrast, dogs produce minimal salivary amylase, so most chemical digestion in dogs begins lower down in the stomach

Without digestive enzymes, both dogs and humans would not be able to utilize the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in our diets. This would lead to weight loss, malnutrition and, over time, even death. 

Types of Dog Digestive Enzymes

Dogs have three main types of digestive enzymes: 

• Lipases
• Proteases
• Amylases

Lipases break down fats into fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Proteases work to break down proteins into individual amino acids, while amylases break down carbohydrates and starches into simple sugars such as glucose. The majority of digestive enzymes in dogs are produced by the pancreas. 

Digestive Enzymes in Dog Food  

Pet parents are always looking to optimize their dog’s nutrition and may be attracted to foods that state that they contain or are coated with digestive enzymes. 

However, at this time, there is no research to support any benefits of including digestive enzymes in dog food that is made to feed healthy dogs. Instead, pet parents should work with their veterinarians to select a high-quality food for their dogs that is complete and balanced. A high-quality diet will provide all the nutrition that your dog needs to produce her own enzymes necessary for digestion. 

If your dog is not producing enough digestive enzymes on her own (more on this to come), then your veterinarian may recommend a digestive enzyme supplement for dogs.

Digestive Enzyme Supplements for Dogs

Some digestive enzyme supplement brands claim that the enzymes in foods are destroyed when food is cooked, so supplementing enzymes is crucial. If your dog has a normally functioning pancreas, however, she does not need any additional digestive enzymes. In fact, one study found no differences in food digestibility among three different groups of healthy dogs who were either fed a commercial kibble by itself, the same kibble with an added plant-based digestive enzyme supplement, or the kibble with an animal-based digestive enzyme supplement (1). 

But for some dogs who have a rare condition called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, or EPI, supplementation with digestive enzymes is crucial to treating this disease. In these dogs, the pancreas has shrunken (atrophied) or scarred and can no longer produce sufficient amounts of digestive enzymes. This disease may occur as a result of chronic pancreatitis and is more common in certain breeds of dogs, especially German Shepherds.

Symptoms of EPI in dogs include: 

• Weight loss 
• A ravenous appetite 
• Soft, voluminous stools 

If you suspect that your dog may have EPI, it is important to take her to your veterinarian for testing, as other diseases such as cancer of the intestines can cause similar symptoms. If your dog has something called a low serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test result, this is diagnostic for EPI. The treatment of EPI involves supplementing your dog’s food with pancreatic enzymes. The most effective supplement is powdered porcine pancreatic enzymes.

Digestive enzymes used to treat EPI are generally well tolerated but may rarely cause oral bleeding, which can usually be resolved by reducing the dose. Dogs with EPI typically need to be supplemented with these enzymes throughout their lifetimes. 

Keeping Your Dog’s Digestion Healthy 

The most important thing pet parents can do to ensure their dogs’ digestion remains healthy is to feed them a high-quality, complete and balanced diet and to have their stool checked at least annually for parasites.

For dogs who have frequent vomiting, flatulence, loose stool, or other digestive issues, it is important to work with a veterinarian to determine the cause of these problems. 

For occasional or mild issues, giving a probiotic supplement, fiber, or a few teaspoons of plain, canned pumpkin is generally harmless and may be beneficial for your pet’s digestive health. 

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While toxic foods for dogs like onions, avocados, and grapes are off-limits for Fido, many other fresh foods are perfectly fine and even nutritious for dogs, like pineapples and pumpkin. If you’ve got some papaya left on your cutting board or plate and a curious pup at your side, a few questions are likely to come to mind: Can dogs have papaya? And if so, is it good for them or not? What about the seeds and skin? 

Learn everything you need to know about papaya and dogs, including whether this tropical fruit is safe for your pup, potential health benefits and risks to consider, and how to prepare it. 

Can Dogs Eat Papaya? 

The short answer is yes. “Dogs can safely eat fresh papaya in moderation,” says Dr. Antoinette Martin, a veterinarian based in North Carolina. 

However, it’s best to only serve your pup the ripe flesh of the fruit (meaning when it’s yellow, orange, or red-colored, not green). That’s because the peel and seeds can upset your dog’s stomach. Like apple seeds and cherry pits, papaya seeds contain trace amounts of cyanide; a toxicity could potentially occur if your dog ate large amounts of seeds. In another worst-case scenario, papaya seeds could also cause an intestinal blockage (read: seriously backed-up pipes), which can be life-threatening, notes Martin. 

Before you toss your pup some chunks of papaya, though, there’s a little more you should know. 

Is Papaya Good for Dogs? 

When it comes to papaya, “the health benefits for dogs would be the fiber content and vitamins—mainly vitamin C,” says Dr. Nancy Wellborn, an assistant professor of veterinary clinical sciences at the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine in Baton Rouge.  

A powerful antioxidant, vitamin C helps fight harmful free radicals or unstable atoms in the body which can trigger inflammation and contribute to chronic diseases and cognitive decline if left unchecked (2, 3). 

Fiber, along with special enzymes called papain found in papaya, can also help support healthy digestion. In fact, some people even use papaya as a natural remedy for constipation and bloating (4).

But like other fruits, papaya isn’t a natural staple of a dog’s diet—and too much of it could be a setup for GI distress rather than relief, says Martin. As such, it’s best served as an occasional treat instead of a regular snack. Some dog foods may feature a small amount of papaya and other superfoods like pumpkin as ingredients to support your pet’s digestive health and well being. 

While there are some papaya-based supplements and enzymes on the market, Martin suggests steering clear of them for now. She says more research is needed on how they may affect a dog’s GI tract, and there are other specially-formulated options like prebiotics and probiotics you can ask your veterinarian to recommend if your pup is having digestive issues.  

Although there are some health benefits associated with giving your dog papaya, there are also a few cons that are worth noting. 

Papaya and Dogs: Risks to Consider 

“In general, papaya should not be promoted as a treat,” says Welborn. While it’s OK from time to time, there are some legitimate downsides to giving your dog people food all the time—even fruits and veggies. With papaya, there are two main concerns to be aware of: potential issues with digestion and weight. 

“As with any fresh fruit, papaya does contain natural sugars and fiber, and too much of it can cause stomach problems,” says Martin. The excess calories could also cause weight gain. And that’s not good, considering more than half of all dogs in the U.S. are already overweight (5). 

Our canine friends need a specific combination of vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients for optimum health and wellness. You can make sure yours is covered by choosing a dog food that contains “complete and balanced nutrition,” as noted on the label (6). Papaya that is found in reputable dog foods should be part of a dog’s complete and balanced diet.

Otherwise? Consult with your veterinarian before mixing papaya into your dog’s dinner. This is especially the case if he has a sensitive GI tract, is predisposed to GI diseases like pancreatitis, or has other chronic diseases that could call for dietary restrictions, such as diabetes. 

Now that you know about the benefits and downsides of this juicy fruit, here’s how to ensure your preparation is pup-friendly. 

How to Feed Dogs Papaya 

“As with all good things, a few bites of papaya for a treat once in a while is best,” says Dr. Martin. 

Before you slice it up, wash your hands and rinse off the papaya to remove any bacteria or dirt from the skin. Then, cut up a few small, bite-sized chunks (since anything can be a choking hazard with a hungry puppy!). Start with one bite to see if your dog tolerates it well. 

Avoid other preparations such as dried, canned, or in juices, as these often have a higher sugar content or ingredients that could be dangerous to dogs, such as the sweetener xylitol, Martin says.  

Finally, remember the 10 percent rule. For your dog’s health and nutrition, treats including fresh fruits and vegetables should make up no more than 10 percent of his total daily caloric intake. The remaining 90 percent is easy—just keep serving them a complete and balanced dog food.

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If salmon is healthy for us, it must be just as healthy for our dogs, right? Not necessarily. This article will discuss whether or not it’s okay to feed your dog salmon, how to safely serve it, and some potential risks and benefits of salmon for dogs. 

Can Dogs Eat Salmon? 

Cooked salmon or salmon-based dog foods can be part of a healthy diet for dogs. Over the past few years, pet parents have seen an explosion in options when it comes to commercially prepared dog foods. No longer are the days of chicken or beef only options for our pups. Fish—especially salmon—is becoming an increasingly popular ingredient in pet food diets.

Besides feeding your dog salmon-based dog food, you can also feed her fresh salmon as an occasional healthy treat, provided it is boneless and fully cooked. 

Can Dogs Eat Raw Salmon? 

Dogs should never be fed raw salmon, including salmon sushi or sashimi. Feeding raw salmon to dogs can lead to salmon poisoning, a condition known to affect dogs. It is not truly a poisoning, but an infection caused by blood-borne bacteria, called Neorickettsia helminthoeca, that live within a fluke parasite that commonly infects salmon in the pacific northwest of the United States, the pacific coast of Canada, and as far north as Alaska. Infection with this bacterium will cause death in up to 90 percent of dogs within 10 days if not appropriately treated [2]. 

Common symptoms of salmon poisoning in dogs include fever, weight loss, vomiting, and diarrhea that may become bloody. 

Raw salmon from other regions may still contain other harmful bacteria and parasites, so salmon should always be heated to an internal temperature of at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit before it is served to dogs. If your dog has eaten raw salmon, you should consult your veterinarian immediately. 

Can Dogs Eat Cooked Salmon?

Cooked salmon is safe to feed dogs and can provide many nutritional benefits just as it can in humans. However, portion control is key when adding tasty treats to your pet’s diet. 

If you feed your dog a commercially prepared dog food, chances are that it is labeled as a complete and balanced diet. When food is added to that balanced diet at a proportion of over 10 percent of the diet it can cause the diet to become unbalanced and may lead to nutritional deficiencies or excesses. Care must also be taken not to overfeed your dog as added calories can lead to weight gain and contribute to obesity. 

When feeding cooked salmon to dogs, you should feed it plainly baked, steamed, or roasted without adding any seasoning, oil or salt. 

Can Dogs Eat Smoked Salmon? 

Feeding dogs smoked salmon can pose certain health threats. Neither cold smoked salmon—also known as lox—nor hot smoked salmon may be heated to a temperature that is hot enough to kill the bacteria associated with salmon poisoning in dogs. 

In addition, smoked salmon tends to be high in salt content which can be harmful to your dog’s health. 

Can Dogs Eat Salmon Skin? 

Salmon skin can be fed to dogs as long as it is fed in very small quantities as an occasional treat. Salmon skin is high in healthful essential fatty acids and vitamins. However, it also contains more fat and calories than salmon meat does. Feeding too much salmon skin could lead to intestinal upset and potentially lead to pancreatitis, a serious illness. Salmon skin is not an appropriate food for dogs that need to lose weight. 

Can Dogs Eat Canned Salmon? 

Canned salmon is okay to give to your dog. However, it’s best to pick canned salmon that is packed in water with no added oils, seasonings, or salt. 

Benefits of Salmon for Dogs

Just as salmon is recommended as part of a healthy diet for people, it can also be very beneficial when fed to dogs. Salmon is low in saturated fats and is high in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, potassium and vitamin D [3]. 

Incorporating salmon into your dog’s diet may help improve the condition of her coat and skin, improve brain function, and help bone health. A salmon-based diet may also be helpful for some dogs with food sensitivities or allergies. 

Salmon Oil for Dogs 

Feeding salmon oil supplements may be beneficial and recommended for some dogs. Salmon oil differs from whole salmon in that it contains concentrated amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may be recommended by your veterinarian to help with skin issues related to allergies, arthritis, heart disease, or cognitive dysfunction. 

Salmon oil supplements for dogs come in capsules that are given orally or a liquid that you can mix with your dog’s food. 

Salmon for Dogs: Things to Consider 

Salmon can be a great food to offer your dog and may provide benefits to their health. However, feeding too much salmon or feeding salmon too frequently may cause problems. For some dogs, salmon may contain too much oil or fat and may cause an upset stomach. You should start by feeding your dog salmon in very small amounts to make sure it doesn’t cause any digestive problems. 

Salmon or any other foods or treats you are feeding your dog should never make up more than 10 percent of their diet to ensure that the diet remains complete and balanced. The other 90 percent of your dog’s diet should be made up of a commercial dog food that is labeled as complete and balanced. When feeding cooked salmon, choose boneless filets and closely inspect it to ensure there are no bones remaining in the meat. 

There are concerns about the levels of contaminants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and heavy metals like mercury that can accumulate in salmon and may lead to cancer and other health issues when high doses are consumed. However, one study published in 2019 tested commercial salmon and non-salmon containing dog foods and did not commonly find mercury in these diets and, when present, the levels of mercury were unlikely to pose a health risk [4]. The FDA also sets maximum allowable levels of contaminants in salmon. To minimize risk, when feeding fresh salmon to your dog, choose wild caught salmon instead of farmed salmon as it is known to contain less toxins. 

When choosing a salmon oil supplement, ask your veterinarian for recommendations on trusted companies and make sure the manufacturer performs third party lab testing to ensure the product does not contain harmful levels of toxins. Also let your veterinarian know what food you are feeding your dog. Some diets already contain added omega-3 fatty acids, so salmon oil supplementation could potentially lead to an overdose of fatty acids, which could lead to GI upset or, rarely, blood clotting disorders. 

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What Vitamins Do Dogs Need?

Vitamins are organic compounds that your dog needs to sustain life, grow, and be healthy. Most vitamins and minerals are found naturally in food. You are probably already familiar with most essential vitamins needed for the human body. Dogs need basically the same vitamins as humans, but the levels they need are different than humans. If dogs are given inappropriate amounts of vitamins or minerals, it can cause deficiencies or toxicities that result in serious health problems. This is why it is important to use a recipe created by a board certified veterinary nutritionist if you cook for your dog.

Important Vitamins for Dogs

The following is a list of vitamins that dogs need:

Vitamin D helps dogs maintain phosphorus and calcium balance for healthy bone and muscle growth. It is also important for the immune system and growth in puppies. 

Vitamin E supports the growth of puppies and is a valuable antioxidant in senior pets. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that benefits cell function, metabolism, and defense against oxidative damage. Deficiency will lead to muscle degeneration and reproductive problems. 

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin and helps prevent bleeding problems and improves blood clotting.

Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that is required for growth, a healthy immune system, cell function, and eye health. 

Choline is a key nutrient for dogs and aids in important liver and brain function. 

B Vitamins regulate metabolism, are important for health of the nervous system, proper function of red blood cells, gene activation, hormone regulation, and a healthy immune system. While B vitamins offer benefits for all pets, they are noted to alleviate fatigue and improve appetite in some older pets.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that reduces inflammation, improves cognitive aging, and healthy immune function, making it especially valuable in senior pets. 

What Minerals Do Dogs Need?

Minerals are inorganic substances that are used by the body to build teeth and bones, carry oxygen in red body cells, maintain a proper pH, regulate enzymes, contract muscles, conduct nerve impulses, and more. Minerals are divided into two groups: major minerals and trace minerals. Major minerals are required in large quantities, and include phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur. Trace minerals are required by the body in small amounts, and include copper, zinc, iodine, chromium, manganese, selenium, and fluorine. 

Important Minerals for Dogs

The following is a list of most major and trace minerals required by your dog to be healthy: 

Potassium, sodium, and chloride are the three main electrolytes present in the dog’s body. Electrolytes are minerals and are present in the body as electrically charged ions and particles. Thus, these electrolytes play a crucial role in maintaining your dog’s fluid balance, transmitting nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and body pH balance. 

Magnesium is the main component of enzymes, bones, and intracellular fluids. Additionally, magnesium has a large effect on neuromuscular transmission. 

Zinc assists in activating hormones, enzymes, and various other bodily functions. Recent research has shown that more than 200 enzymes require zinc for activation and production. Zinc also aids growth, wound healing, reproduction, strengthening the immune system, skincare, protein digestion, and thyroid function regulation. 

Copper helps provide the synthesis of chemical transmitters used by the nervous systems, bones and connective tissues, and the formation of collagen. Additionally, it provides antioxidant defense, pigmentation of the skin and hair, and aids growth of red blood cells. 

Selenium is a trace mineral and has many health benefits. The primary function that selenium performs is the metabolism of thyroid hormones and antioxidant protection. 

Iron is one of the most necessary minerals for the dog’s body. It plays many roles, but its most crucial function is transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals that are the building blocks of bones and teeth. Calcium is also important in nerve impulse transmission, muscle contractions, controlling blood pressure, blood clotting, and hormone and enzyme secretion. 

How to Choose Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Dogs

Before adding supplements to your dog’s food, it is best to always check with your veterinarian. Remember that most dogs can get all the vitamins and minerals they need from their dog food, but some dogs can benefit from a multivitamin supplement. For example, senior dogs may benefit from a glucosamine and chondroitin supplement, which can help improve joint health. Fatty acid supplements can also help alleviate joint inflammation in senior dogs. When in doubt about what to give your dog, check with your vet.

Nutritional Products for Dogs

All featured products are chosen at the discretion of the Great Pet Care editorial team and do not reflect a direct endorsement by the author. However, Great Pet Care may make a small affiliate commission if you click through and make a purchase.

We’ve curated a list of our favorite vitamins and nutritional products for dogs. Happy shopping!

VetriScience Canine Plus Multivitamin Soft Chews

If you’re concerned that your dog isn’t getting all the vitamins and minerals they need to thrive from their diet, this comprehensive multivitamin from VetriScience is formulated to fill any nutritional gaps. It contains vet-recommended vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, amino acids, and antioxidants to promote overall health and well-being. Plus, your dog will get balanced stress B complex to help boost mood, memory, and cellular metabolism, along with Omega fish oils to help combat inflammation.

Highlights

• Daily multivitamin formulated to help support heart, brain, and immune health
• Made with 25+ premium nutrients not found in ordinary dog foods
• Vet-recommended, especially for dogs on homemade or raw diets
• Feed according to manufacturer’s directions: Half a chew daily for dogs under 30 lbs, one chew daily for dogs 30-60 lbs, two daily chews for dogs over 60 lbs

Things to Consider

• Suitable for dogs of all sizes and ages, though the manufacturer suggests checking with your veterinarian, as supplements may not be appropriate for some large breed puppies under the age of one.

Nordic Naturals Fish Oil Supplement for Dogs

If your dog could have a sharp mind and healthy skin and coat thanks to one product, Nordic Naturals Omega-3 Fish Oil supplement is worth considering. It contains fatty acids along with EPA and DHA to support your dog’s eyes, heart, and brain whole keeping her joints healthy and skin beautiful. All Nordic Natural omega-3’s are of the triglyceride molecular form that is naturally found in fish.

Highlights

• Derived exclusively from wild anchovies and sardines 
• May be served directly on your dog’s food or served by itself
• Friend of the Sea certified & sustainably made in a zero-waste facility powered by biofuel
• Crafted from fresh, wild-caught, omega-rich fish
• Non-GMO verified and third-party tested for purity 
• May reduce shedding and improve coat

Things to Consider

• Does not come with a pump, so the oil must be measured for each dose
• Also available in capsule formula 
• Do not use Nordic Naturals human products on pets

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Although true calcium deficiency isn’t common in dogs—largely thanks to the use of commercial pet foods—there are several disorders that can cause your dog to have a low calcium level. 

Low calcium can be life-threatening, so it’s important to understand the warning signs and know how to prevent and address low calcium in dogs.

What Is Calcium?

Calcium is an essential mineral that all animals need in order to function. The vast majority of the calcium in our bodies is located in our bones and teeth, but calcium plays a role in other areas of the body as well. 

Dogs—like humans—get calcium through their diets. Dietary ingredients like bone meal and whey protein are included in many dog food formulations as a source of calcium and other nutrients. Many commercial dog foods also include supplements such as calcium carbonate to ensure your dog receives the recommended amount of dietary calcium daily. 

If your dog doesn’t get enough calcium, over time the body may begin to leach calcium from the bones to make up for the deficit. 

Why Do Dogs Need Calcium?

Dogs need calcium for all the same processes that humans do. Calcium is an essential building block for bones, and the balance of dietary calcium and phosphorous is especially important for young, growing animals. 

Pregnant and lactating dogs use high amounts of calcium to maintain the growing fetuses and produce enough milk to sustain the litter. 

Calcium also plays a role in the contractions of muscles—everything from the skeletal muscles that allow your dog to run, to the smooth muscles in organs like the intestines, to the cardiac muscle that pumps blood throughout your dog’s body. 

Calcium is also involved in several feedback loops and hormone signaling pathways in the body, which means that abnormal levels of calcium can quickly lead to other problems, too. 

With so many important functions throughout your dog’s body, it’s safe to say that calcium is essential for your dog’s health!

Can Dogs Have a Calcium Deficiency?

It is possible for dogs to develop a calcium deficiency. Dogs can have low calcium due to inadequate dietary intake, loss of calcium in the urine or stool, or an imbalance of calcium mechanisms in the body. 

When the calcium deficiency is mild, many dogs will not have any symptoms. A severely low calcium level can cause tremors, seizures, abnormal heartbeat, stiff gait, restlessness, hypersensitivity, rubbing the face, disorientation, muscle cramping, and increased drinking and urination. 

Calcium deficiency, or hypocalcemia, is diagnosed with a blood test. A calcium level is often included on blood work panels. If your dog’s calcium level is low, your veterinarian may recommend an additional test called an ionized calcium level to further evaluate the amount of free calcium in your dog’s blood.

Many different conditions can cause low calcium levels in dogs, including:

• Poor diet
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Sepsis
• Severe trauma
• Eclampsia
• Pancreatitis
• Protein-losing enteropathy
• Kidney failure
• Diabetes mellitus
• Urethral obstruction
• Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) toxicity

In order to treat your dog’s calcium deficiency, your veterinarian will first need to determine what caused the low calcium level. Additional diagnostics such as blood work, diagnostic imaging, and urinalysis may be necessary to fully evaluate the problem. 

Common Sources of Calcium for Dogs

Just like humans, dogs get calcium through the foods they consume. Commercial dog foods are required to be complete and balanced, meaning that they will provide appropriate levels of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to meet the needs of the animal that the product has been labeled for. 

Dog foods often include ingredients such as leafy greens, bone meal, and organ meats like liver to provide adequate levels of calcium. Most commercial dog foods also include vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure your dog is receiving an appropriate balance of essential nutrients. 

A healthy dog eating a commercial dog food typically does not need any additional source of calcium. However, problems can arise for dogs that are eating a homemade or raw meat diet that is not complete and balanced. If your dog is not eating a commercial dog food, make sure you consult a board certified veterinary nutritionist to ensure your dog’s diet contains the recommended amount of calcium and other nutrients.

Calcium Supplements for Dogs

Most healthy dogs that are eating a complete and balanced diet do not need a calcium supplement. Too much calcium can also cause problems for your dog, so you should never give your dog a calcium supplement without first consulting your veterinarian. If you are concerned that your dog may have a calcium deficiency, it is important to first see your veterinarian to diagnose the underlying cause.

If your dog has been diagnosed with low calcium, the treatment will focus on supplementing calcium and correcting the underlying cause. If your dog’s calcium level is severely low or life threatening, your veterinarian may recommend hospitalizing your dog to administer an intravenous calcium supplement and fluids. 

Once your dog is stable, you may be given an oral calcium supplement, usually in the form of a tablet, to administer at home. Some dogs may also be prescribed calcitriol, also known as Vitamin D3, which helps them absorb calcium from their digestive tract. 

After your dog has started calcium supplementation, your veterinarian may recommend regular rechecks and monitoring of calcium levels to ensure your dog is taking the appropriate dose. 

Never stop the supplement abruptly or change the dose without first talking to your veterinarian.

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As we enjoy a delicious bowl of pineapple or eat a slice of pineapple upsidedown cake we may be tempted to share this fruit with our dogs. But as responsible pet parents we know it’s important to do a bit of research first. 

So is pineapple okay for dogs? Is it safe to feed our pups these juicy fruits? Continue reading to learn how to feed your dog pineapple and discover some benefits and downsides to offering your canine companion this food.

Can Dogs Eat Pineapple? 

While pineapple is not commonly fed to dogs (after all—coring a pineapple is a bit of a pain), it is not toxic to them. And pineapple may even carry some canine health benefits. 

Pineapples are packed with healthy nutrients including fiber, vitamin C, vitamin B-6 and magnesium. Fiber plays an important role in healthy digestion and works to keep the gut microbiome—beneficial organisms in the digestive tract—healthy. The vitamin C in pineapples helps to support healthy immune function and is an antioxidant, working to protect the body’s cells from damage. 

Pineapples also contain an enzyme called bromelain. This enzyme helps to break down proteins so it too can benefit digestion. Bromelain’s protein-digesting action is what creates that tingling sensation in your mouth when you eat pineapple. Bromelain is also thought to decrease inflammation in the body and studies suggest a benefit to giving this enzyme to people with arthritis [2]. In addition, some research studies in mice have shown that bromelain also has some anti-cancer properties [3].  

Another possible benefit of feeding dogs pineapple is that it may help to stop dogs from eating their poop, also known as coprophagia. There are no controlled studies to prove this but it is a remedy touted by many veterinarians and pet parents. The theory behind why this may help is that the bromelain in pineapple will increase how much of a dog’s food is digested, thus making their poop less enticing. 

Can Dogs Eat Fresh Pineapple? 

Fresh pineapple can be fed to dogs in small quantities. When pet parents are giving their dogs any unfamiliar foods, it is always a good idea to only give a very small quantity to begin with. That is because dogs with certain food sensitivities or sensitive stomachs, may react poorly to some foods.

Fresh pineapple is very high in vitamin C, which makes it pretty acidic and this acidity may not be well tolerated by some dogs and may cause gastrointestinal upset like vomiting or diarrhea. The acidity of pineapple can also damage a dog’s tooth enamel. Feeding a dog fresh pineapple will also increase their fiber intake and giving too much fiber can lead to diarrhea. 

Pineapple is also fairly high in natural sugar. High sugar intake in dogs as in humans can cause weight gain, aggravate diabetes, and cause stomach upset. 

With that being said, if your dog likes pineapple and doesn’t have any stomach issues from feeding it, fresh pineapple is ok to give in small quantities as an occasional treat. Treats should never make up more than 10 percent of your dog’s daily caloric intake.

Can Dogs Eat Canned Pineapple? 

Feeding dogs canned pineapple is generally not recommended. Some canned pineapple may come in syrup which contains high amounts of added sugars. Even pineapple that is packed in 100 percent pineapple juice will still contain higher sugar content and calories per serving than fresh pineapple. Canning pineapple also causes this food to lose some of its beneficial nutritional value. 

Can Dogs Eat Dried Pineapple?

Dried pineapple typically contains added sugars so those varieties definitely should not be fed to dogs. However, even the unsweetened variety isn’t a great snack option for your pup. When fruit is dried, the sugars in the fruit become very concentrated and dried pineapple will contain at least three times as much sugar than the same weight of fresh pineapple. This also increases the calorie content per serving. 

Pineapple Cores and Dogs: What to Watch For

The center of pineapples contains a tough fibrous core. It’s the part that most people eat around and discard when eating fresh sliced pineapple. Similarly, dogs should not eat pineapple cores. 

For one, the core is tough to digest and may cause gastrointestinal upset. Most importantly, if a large chunk of pineapple core is swallowed it could lead to an intestinal blockage, requiring emergency surgery to treat. Dogs should also not be fed the outer spiny peel of pineapples for the same reasons. 

Pineapple For Dogs: How To Serve It

If you choose to feed your dog pineapple make sure to only use 100 percent fresh pineapple with no added sugars. As mentioned above, canned pineapple and dried pineapple shouldn’t be given to dogs due to higher sugar and calories. 

Remember to give your dog a very small amount as a trial run to make sure it does not cause an upset stomach. Once you have ensured that he is not sensitive to pineapple you can try the following:

Freeze It

Feed a few small frozen chunks for an occasional refreshing treat on a hot summer day. You can buy pineapple pre-frozen to make it easy. 

Top Your Dog’s Food

Feed a cored and peeled slice on top of your dog’s food to add some tropical flavor to that kibble.

Use It As a High Value Reward

If you’re working on training, you can use a few small pieces of fresh pineapple as an extra tasty treat for a job well done. 

Don’t Overdo Pineapple for Dogs

Just remember when feeding dogs pineapple not to go overboard. An average sized slice of pineapple contains 42 calories [4]. Remember not to feed more than 10 percent of your dog’s daily calories in the form of treats as feeding more will unbalance their diet. 

This means that a Chihuahua should have no more than ½ a slice of pineapple per day if that is the only treat he is being fed. Meanwhile, a Great Dane could enjoy a few slices. 

If your pet is overweight or obese, make sure you consult with your veterinarian about how many calories per day you should be feeding your dog to help him lose weight. 

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So you may be wondering, can dogs have ginger? Does it have some of the same health benefits as it does for humans? And more importantly, is ginger safe for dogs? Here’s what you need to know about ginger for dogs.

Ginger: A Brief Overview

“Ginger is a common tropical plant, and it is the root of this plant that is used as an herbal supplement in Western medicine,” says Dr. Lori M. Teller, clinical associate professor in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Texas A&M University. “The root is thick and knobby with a brown exterior and a pale light tan interior.” 

According to the National Institutes of Health, ginger has been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit, Chinese, Greek, Roman, and Arabic texts for its health-related purposes. It has been used for thousands of years, particularly in Asian medicine, to treat stomach aches, diarrhea, and nausea.

Can Dogs Have Ginger?

Yes! Ginger and ginger root is safe for dogs, says Dr. Teller.

Dosing depends on the size of your pup.

“The dose for ginger is based on the size of your dog, and the range is 20-50mg/kg (about 10 to 25mg per pound of body weight),” says Dr. Tori Countner, veterinarian and owner of The Balanced Pet Vet.

Ginger comes in multiple forms ranging from fresh to powdered and thankfully they all have the same benefits.

Can Dogs Have Fresh Ginger?

Fresh ginger is a great option for dogs and can be given in sliced or grated forms. 

A case where fresh ginger may work better than the dried herb is IBD flare up cases.  

“In Chinese medicine, dried ginger can be a little too hot for their digestive tracts, so trying to sneak fresh ginger into their food is preferred,” adds Dr. Countner.

But she warns that some dogs may be put off by fresh ginger in their food. “Many dogs may not like the taste of fresh ginger, so the dried form or baked into a treat works well,” she says.

Can Dogs Have Ginger Root?

Any form of ginger is okay to give to your dog—including ginger root. Ultimately, it comes down to what your dog will eat.

“Find the form that is easiest for you to administer and that your dog is willing to accept,” says Dr. Teller. 

If you give your dog ginger root, make sure to supervise your dog at all times to prevent them from swallowing a large piece. 

Benefits of Ginger for Dogs

Fortunately dogs can experience many of the same health benefits from ginger that humans can. These include:

Nausea and Motion Sickness

“It can help with nausea from motion sickness and chemo-induced nausea,” says Dr. Countner. “A study showed that dogs receiving Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent, had much less vomiting and nausea than dogs not taking ginger.” 

“It is important to check with your veterinarian first and make sure the ginger will not interact with any of the chemotherapeutic agents your dog is receiving,” adds Dr. Teller.

Giving a dog ginger about 30 minutes before a car ride can have the same effects as giving Dramamine, according to one study. 

Gas and Bloating

“Ginger can help decrease gas and bloating, and also relax spasms in smooth muscle in the intestinal loops, which helps decrease pain with digestive issues, such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease),” says Dr. Countner.

Anti-Inflammatory

Ginger also may have anti-inflammatory benefits for dogs with hip and joint pain.

“There have been a few human studies that show anti-inflammatory effects of ginger, which can help relieve pain in 75 percent of osteoarthritis patients and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,” says Dr. Countner.

Antioxidants

“Ginger is an antioxidant, and may provide some cognitive support, so it can be given to dogs with cognitive dysfunction,” says Dr. Teller.

How to Give Ginger to Dogs

There are tons of ways you can give your dog ginger, and it mostly comes down to trial-and-error in regard to taste and what your pup likes.

“You can add fresh ginger to your dog’s food, and many will eat it if it is finely chopped or grated and mixed in,” says Dr. Countner. “You could also bake ginger into dog treats, blend it in a dog appropriate smoothie, and even freeze the smoothie into small frozen cubes for a treat!”

You could also take a hydrating route. “You could also make ginger water or ginger infused water,” adds Dr. Teller.

Additionally, there are plenty of ginger treats and ginger supplements available for dogs that provide the benefits of ginger without the mess or hassle of keeping it fresh. 

Ginger Side Effects for Dogs

Overall, ginger is regarded as being very safe for dogs. However, there are a few risks you should be aware of.

“Ginger may be a little too hot for some dogs, especially if they are having severe gastrointestinal issues,” says Dr. Counter. 

And in extremely rare cases, ginger may react with blood clotting times.

“Dogs with bleeding disorders or that are on medications or supplements that increase the risk of bleeding should not receive ginger,” says Dr. Teller. “This includes any dogs on NSAIDs. Dogs with bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia or von Willebrand’s disease, also should not receive ginger.”

Ginger and Dogs: The Bottom Line

Ginger is generally considered safe for most dogs and can benefit them in many ways. However, it’s always smart to talk to your veterinarian before you start including it in their diet.

“Always discuss your pet’s medications, including vitamins, supplements, and herbs with your veterinarian to make sure any potential interactions are taken into consideration,” says Dr. Teller.

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With all the pumpkin around you may be wondering whether you can feed pumpkin to your dog. The short answer is yes, but read below to discover how you can give your dog pumpkin safely.  

Is Pumpkin Safe for Dogs? 

Before giving your dog new foods it is always important to do your research and make sure the food is not going to be harmful to your pup. For example, onions, garlic, grapes, and some artificial sweeteners are actually toxic to dogs. 

Pumpkin, however, is safe for humans and dogs alike. Pure pumpkin that does not contain any additives is high in vitamins A and C, contains fiber and is low in calories. In fact, some dog foods feature pumpkin as an ingredient to support digestive health. Many dogs also enjoy the taste of pumpkin.

Can Dogs Eat Raw Pumpkin?

Raw pumpkin is very tough in texture and is much more difficult to digest than cooked pumpkin. However, some dogs may tolerate and enjoy eating small amounts of raw pumpkin or pumpkin rind. 

If pet parents choose to feed raw pumpkin to their dogs they should start with very small quantities and monitor their pets for any signs of gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite. 

If choosing to offer pumpkin rind to a dog, the dog should be closely supervised to ensure she is only chewing on the rind and is not swallowing large chunks as this may lead to an intestinal blockage, a very serious condition. 

Make sure not to allow a dog to chew on a Halloween Jack-O-Lantern that’s been sitting out as it may have started to rot and may contain mold.

Can Dogs Eat Canned Pumpkin? 

Canned pumpkin—as long as it contains 100% pumpkin with no added ingredients—such as salt or sugar, is very safe to feed your dog. In fact, veterinarians will often recommend that pet parents add canned pumpkin to their dog’s food to help with diarrhea and constipation symptoms. 

The reason for this recommendation is that the fiber contained in canned pumpkin is thought to ease these symptoms. While no studies have specifically looked at the benefits of using pumpkin to help treat diarrhea or constipation, these recommendations are inferred from other studies on the benefits of high fiber foods for gastrointestinal health. Many veterinarians and pet parents swear by this simple trick.

While the fiber in pumpkin may not make a huge difference to your dog’s gastrointestinal health, the good news is that canned pumpkin in small quantities will not harm your pup and can be a tasty low-calorie treat.  

Again, when buying canned pumpkin for dogs, make sure the only ingredient listed is pumpkin. DO NOT feed your dog canned pumpkin pie filling, as that will be much higher in calories and contain sugar and spices which can upset your pet’s stomach.

How Much Pumpkin Can Dogs Eat? 

Too much of a good thing can definitely be bad when it comes to feeding your dog pumpkin (or any treat for that matter). To make sure that your dog is as healthy as possible, it is important to feed a complete and balanced diet containing the correct proportions of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Most commercially available dog foods are complete and balanced. 

However, if treats or any extra foods that are added to your dog’s food make up more than 10 percent of a dog’s daily calorie intake, this will lead to an unbalanced diet and could lead to health issues. The good news is that plain canned pumpkin only contains about 5 calories per tablespoon so one or a few tablespoons added to your dog’s diet (depending on her size) should not cause an issue. 

So how much pumpkin should you add to your dog’s food? You should start with about one tablespoon for small dogs and up to a half cup for a giant breed dog. This recommendation is based on recommended fiber intake based on your dog’s total daily recommended calories. If trying to use pumpkin for diarrhea or constipation you could slowly increase the amount within reason until the desired effect is seen. 

Can Dogs Eat Pumpkin Seeds? 

Pumpkin seeds can also be fed to dogs without a concern for toxicity. The concern with pumpkin seeds, however, is that they do contain a lot of calories per serving. While raw, cooked, or canned pumpkin is very low in calories, pumpkin seeds pack about 75 calories into a single tablespoon. High-calorie foods such as pumpkin seeds can very easily unbalance a dog’s diet and also lead to weight gain. In addition, commercial or home roasted pumpkin seeds will often contain added oils that contribute extra calories or sodium that can be harmful to dogs. 

So in general, unless fed as very occasional treats in very small quantities, pumpkin seeds should not be fed to dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Pumpkin Pie? 

Pumpkin pie should not be fed to dogs. Pumpkin pie is high in fat and can upset your dog’s stomach or potentially even cause pancreatitis, a serious medical condition. Also, pumpkin pie usually contains dairy products and many dogs are lactose intolerant. The sugar and high calorie content of pumpkin pie is also not healthy for your dog. 

Furthermore, some lower calorie pumpkin pie recipes may call for xylitol, a sugar substitute that is very toxic to dogs, causing low blood sugar and liver issues. 

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To find some answers, we asked three veterinarians about their thoughts on fiber for dogs and some of the top sources of this plant-based nutrients for pups. 

Do Dogs Need Fiber?

Fiber is a carbohydrate that plays a beneficial role in gut health. It comes in both soluble (digestible) and insoluble (not digestible) forms, and both have their place in the body’s ecosystem. 

“Digestible fiber refers to the fiber that can be broken down into simple molecules that can be eaten by bacteria in the pet’s gut,” says Dr. Sam Kovac of Southern Cross Vet. “Indigestible fiber can be thought of as carbohydrates that offer little nutritional value but massage the gut to reduce inflammation and clean the mucous membranes.” 

Basically, fiber helps your dog maintain a healthy balance in the gut, which regulates the bowels and keeps the colon healthy, too. 

“The colon loves fiber,” adds Dr. Kathy Boehme of The Drake Center. “Fiber is kind of magical because it can aid in both diarrhea and constipation. There are a lot of puppies with chronic diarrhea, and they respond beautifully to fiber.”

How Much Fiber Do Dogs Need? 

This is where it gets tricky because not every dog needs fiber added to their diets. “A dog doesn’t need a diet loaded with fiber unless they have a lot of gastrointestinal problems,” says Boehme. 

According to Dr. Jeff Feinman of Holistic Actions, most dogs get their necessary fiber from their diets. But dogs with digestive problems like diarrhea may benefit from fiber supplementation. “My rescue pup has colitis, which causes diarrhea and even tinges of blood in the [stool]. He does quite well with a little fiber,” Feinman says. “Some dogs need it and some don’t.”

As dogs age, they may develop a variety of medical conditions that increase their need for fiber. If your senior dog is experiencing constipation or soft stools, talk to your veterinarian about whether fiber supplementation may offer medical benefits for your dog.

Adding fiber to a dog’s diet isn’t difficult if they do need additional sources. However, it’s good to know that overeating fiber can also upset the gastrointestinal tract. Before looking for more sources of fiber for your dog, it’s best to consult your veterinarian. 

Understanding Fiber in Dog Food 

Visit any pet retailer, and you’ll find shelves of high-fiber dog food. Many of the commercial dog foods designed for weight loss are high in fiber, says Boehm, because fiber helps keep pets fuller longer—so they eat less.   

She says there are also fiber-rich foods designed for dogs with colitis or chronic diarrhea, including specialty prescription foods. “These foods are specially formulated by veterinarian nutritionists.” 

If you read the label on a high-fiber dog food, you might find beet pulp listed along with things like brown rice, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin. You can also feed some of those things as high-fiber treats in addition to your dog’s regular diet. Just make sure to discuss these additions with your veterinarians before giving them to your pup. 

Sources of Fiber for Dogs: 10 Healthy Options 

Whether your pet has some mild digestive issues, your vet suggests a fiber boost, or you just want to provide some occasional fiber-focused snacks to keep your dog full and focused, there are lots of sources to consider. 

Let’s look at some of the most popular sources of fiber for dogs that are easy to add to your dog’s diet.  

Beet Pulp

Beet pulp has been characterized as a filler product in some pet nutrition circles. But it’s one of the best sources of fiber for dogs. Beet pulp is a colorless and stringy byproduct of sugar beet processing and easily digested. “Beet pulp is common in many pet foods,” says Boehme. You’ll find it in many high-fiber dog foods.  

Pumpkin

Turns out, this fall favorite is a tasty source of healthy fiber for dogs. You can find it year-round in grocery stores—just be sure you buy plain pureed pumpkin and not pumpkin pie filling. You can feed fresh pumpkin, too. 

When feeding pumpkin to dogs, it’s better to start small and see how they react. Feinman recommends “a teaspoon or less.” 

Ground Flaxseed 

Flaxseed is a rich source of omega 3 fatty acids, which means it’s good for your dog’s skin, coat, brain, and overall nervous system. Flaxseed is also a great source of dietary fiber and antioxidants and can help intestinal health, according to the Flax Council of Canada.

There are many ways you can add flaxseed meal or ground flaxseeds to your dog’s diet. You can sprinkle it on your dog’s food, mix it with peanut butter and roll into balls for treats, or mix with a bit of plain, organic yogurt. It’s best if the flaxseeds are ground right before using. As with any new food, start with a small amount—a teaspoon is plenty as a starting point. 

Kelp

If you’re a sushi fan, you might think of kelp as the seaweed wrapped around your sushi rolls. Of course, the Japanese have long known of its health benefits. Kelp is high in iron, and as it turns out, it’s also a high-fiber food that’s safe for pups. 

Lettuce 

If your dog likes green lettuce, then it can be a good source of fiber—even if its high water content doesn’t provide a lot of additional nutrients. You’ll want to chop it up so it’s easier to eat and make sure it doesn’t have any dressing or other elements that could be harmful to your pup. Iceberg lettuce might taste good, but it has very little fiber.

Apples

Many dogs love chomping on apple slices as a high-fiber treat. As a bonus, apples are low in calories and help clean canine teeth too. Try offering your pup a slice of apple and see how they like it. As always, keep the pieces proportionate with your dog’s size and never give your dog the seeds or core.  

Carrots 

Many pet parents buy bags of baby carrots to feed as treats. Like apples, they’re low in calories, which is perfect for pups who’d benefit from a bit of weight loss and are high in fiber to keep your pup fuller longer. A study also revealed that feeding dogs raw carrots can help improve a dog’s liver and kidney function. 

Green Beans 

Consider green beans as another addition to the veggie selection for your pet. They’re also low calorie and full of fiber for a healthy, high-fiber dog treat. 

Brown Rice 

Recent grain-free trends aside, brown rice turns up in many high-fiber dog foods because it’s a great fiber source, according to a 2016 research study. It also mixes well with veggies like carrots and green beans.

Strawberries and Blueberries

Got fresh berries? Your pup can enjoy fresh strawberries and blueberries along with you. Just rinse them and eat. These natural sources of fiber for dogs can also give your pet an antioxidant boost. A study of sled dogs who were fed blueberries after exercise had elevated antioxidant levels in their blood compared to a control group that was not fed berries.

Just don’t overdo the berries, since fruits like strawberries and blueberries have natural sugar content. Too much won’t be good for your dog. 

Fiber Supplements for Dogs 

Adding fruits, veggies, or brown rice to your dog’s diet may not provide them with all the fiber they need—especially if they have digestive problems. If your pup has irregular bowels, is obese, or has diabetes, they may need more fiber than can be found in fresh food. 

“I like the idea of feeding fiber in the form of fruits and veggies, but the amount should not comprise more than 10 percent of the diet so that you do not unbalance the diet,” says Boehme. “If it is not possible to do this, then they would need an additional supplement.”

Before adding fiber supplements to your dog’s diet, make sure to talk to your veterinarian about the kind and type that will best benefit your pet. 

Is Metamucil a Good Source of Fiber for Dogs? 

When people think of fiber Metamucil—a popular fiber supplement that is mixed with water—comes to mind. And if you’re mixing up a glass for yourself, you might be wondering whether your dog can experience the same benefits from Metamucil. 

Turns out, a small amount should be okay—just make sure to read the label carefully.

“A pinch of Metamucil can be helpful for dogs,” Feinman says. “Just be sure it’s only Metamucil and not filled with artificial sweeteners like xylitol as those are dangerous for dogs.”

Plain Metamucil can be an effective and convenient fiber supplement for many senior dogs that require supplementation.

What to Do If You Think Your Dog Needs More Fiber

As you can see, there are many healthy sources of fiber for dogs. From feeding apples and carrots as fiber-rich dog treats to drizzling flaxseed or wheat germ oil over your pet’s food, your dog may love these additions.  

However, like every health question, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. “It depends on the individual,” Feinman says. 

If you’re worried about your dog’s digestive health and you think more fiber may help, talk with your veterinarian to discuss your dog’s fiber needs.

The post 10 Great Sources of Fiber for Dogs appeared first on Great Pet Care.

While you should always consult with your personal veterinarian whenever your pet is ill, your vet may suggest that you monitor your dog at home and provide therapies for mild conditions. 

Since kids (and even adults) rely on Pedialyte to restore electrolytes and combat dehydration, you may think about administering it to your dog when she experiences vomiting or diarrhea. 

How does it work? And—more importantly—is it safe to give to your dog? Here is everything you need to know about using Pedialyte for dehydration in dogs.

What Is Pedialyte?

Pedialyte is a commercially-available, over-the-counter oral electrolyte solution specially formulated to help prevent dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance in infants and children. When Pedialyte is consumed and absorbed by the gut into the bloodstream, it will help maintain proper water and electrolyte properties inside the blood. 

Pedialyte, which was developed by a physician and is sold by Abbott Laboratories based in Columbus, Ohio, has been available in the United States since the 1960s. Its formula is based on electrolyte rehydration products developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1940s as a supportive therapy for children affected by acute gastroenteritis, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and vomiting and diarrhea.

Pedialyte supplies us with the important electrolytes sodium, potassium, and chloride, which the body loses via vomiting, diarrhea, and poor appetite. It contains a higher electrolyte content compared to plain water. It also contains some dextrose, a sugar easily broken down into glucose, the most basic energy source which helps feed gastrointestinal cells to prompt a quicker recovery from gastrointestinal disease. 

The electrolyte drink can also help improve pediatric hydration secondary to the stomach flu, food poisoning, sweating caused by heat or exercise, and travel. Additionally, some adults swear by its effectiveness as a hangover remedy. It is also marketed to aid pregnant women experiencing morning sickness.

In addition to its flavored and unflavored classic version, Pedialyte also comes in powder and freezer-pop forms as well as other liquid formulations, including AdvancedCare and AdvancedCare Plus, which contain prebiotics and 33 percent more electrolytes, respectively.

Electrolytes for Dogs: Understanding the Benefits

Maintaining proper hydration and electrolyte balance is as important for the health of your dog as it is for human children. Water makes up the majority of the body composition of both dogs and humans, so staying hydrated is vital for normal cellular and organ function. 

Water is also the main component of blood, which helps carry important molecules, such as oxygen, to every cell in a dog’s body. Furthermore, water maintains blood pressure and helps flush toxins out of the body as the kidneys filter the bloodstream. 

Electrolytes are essential to preserve water balance as well as aid electrical impulses in a dog’s muscles and nervous system. 

Important Electrolytes for Dogs

Key electrolytes for dogs include sodium, potassium, and chloride. These electrolytes are primarily kept in balance by the kidneys and a complex hormonal system known as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This balance can become thwarted due to disease processes, such as gastrointestinal upset.

Let’s take a closer look at how each of these electrolytes functions in a dog’s body:

Sodium is integral for water balance. The body loses sodium because of persistent vomiting and diarrhea, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and endocrine disorders such as hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease). When sodium levels drop too low (known as hyponatremia), dehydration occurs. Severe hyponatremia can cause neurological impairment due to swelling of the brain.

Potassium is fundamental for a dog’s muscle and cardiac contractions. Hypokalemia, or low potassium concentration in the blood, may arise due to poor appetite, CKD, and vomiting. Weakness, incoordination, and poor muscle action result.

Chloride is sodium’s buddy. It tends to follow and bind to sodium as the salt NaCl. Chloride balances sodium and potassium in cellular electrical activities. 

These three electrolytes are vital for complex bodily processes, which help keep our pets healthy.

Signs of Dehydration in Dogs

When your dog has lost a significant amount of fluid and electrolytes through either vomiting or diarrhea, he may show signs of dehydration.

Dehydration in dogs can range from mild to severe. In any case, you should contact your veterinarian for advice on what to do if your pup is showing any of the following symptoms of dehydration in dogs:

• Lethargy and appearing tired
• Loss of skin elasticity
• Constant panting
• Dry nose, mouth, and gums
• Sunken eyes
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and/or diarrhea

Dehydration in dogs is considered a medical emergency when you notice persistent vomiting, diarrhea, and suspected heat stroke. Don’t wait to bring your dog to the vet in this case. Resolving dehydration in your dog can be as simple as replenishing his electrolytes through fluids, but it can also point to other, more significant health problems your vet can detect.

Some dogs who are severely dehydrated may require hospitalization to determine the cause. The last thing pet parents need to worry about when their dog’s health is in danger is emergency veterinary bills. But pet parents who have a pet health insurance policy in place, like those offered by Lemonade, can breathe a big sigh of relief.  Consider signing your pet up for coverage to help you cover the costs of things like injuries, emergency care, hospitalization, and more.

Can Dogs Drink Pedialyte?

Now that you know how important electrolytes are for our dogs’ health and the signs of dehydration to look out for, you may wonder if your dog can drink Pedialyte safely. 

It’s typically safe to administer small amounts of the classic, unflavored Pedialyte solution orally to dogs on a short-term basis to help replenish fluids and electrolytes lost via mild vomiting or diarrhea. 

However, Pedialyte is only a supportive therapy to help manage the symptoms associated with dehydration and electrolyte depletion. It does not stop ongoing fluid losses and is not a cure for underlying disease processes. It also won’t correct severe dehydration in dogs or treat significant electrolyte imbalances. 

If a pet is sick and dehydrated enough to require Pedialyte, she should really see a veterinarian for treatment, including more effective means of hydration therapy, such as injectable fluid administration. Therefore, only give Pedialyte to your dog under the direct guidance of your personal veterinarian.

When Will a Vet Recommend Pedialyte for My Dog?

Your veterinarian might permit at-home Pedialyte use for mild, self-resolving cases of vomiting or diarrhea. However, other veterinary-approved electrolyte replacements may prove better options. 

At other times, your vet may instruct you to avoid Pedialyte altogether, as it may worsen gastrointestinal illness or delay other treatments. For instance, your vet may recommend withholding food and liquids for several hours to help calm the stomach if your dog is vomiting. In this instance, Pedialyte use may trigger more vomiting by further irritating an already inflamed stomach lining. 

Pedialyte is not a cure for puppies (or dogs) with parvovirus, which causes severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea as well as destruction of red and white blood cells and even death. To improve prognosis, seek veterinary care for your sick puppy before being administering Pedialyte at home.

Is Pedialyte for Dogs Backed By Research?

Keep in mind that, while there are studies showing the benefits of electrolytes for hydration in dogs, no published research has been conducted to validate Pedialyte’s safety and efficacy in pets. It is specially formulated to meet the electrolyte needs of children, not dogs, whose needs slightly differ. For instance, the sodium content in Pedialyte is higher than the corresponding canine requirement.

What Kind of Pedialyte Should I Give My Dog?

If your vet permits you to offer Pedialyte to your dog, choose the unflavored form over flavored varieties. Of the various flavors (including strawberry, mixed berry, grape, bubble gum, and coconut), no flavor is necessarily better than any other though your dog may have her own preference. While real grapes and raisins are toxic to dogs, the grape flavoring in Pedialyte is artificial and does not contain actual grapes. However, the unflavored version is less likely to further nauseate or irritate the gastrointestinal tract of a sick animal, making it a better choice.

How to Give Dogs Pedialyte

When giving Pedialyte to dogs, do not offer large amounts at a time. This can trigger further vomiting. 

You can dilute it as one part Pedialyte to one part water or else offered as is without diluting. Some dogs may be more inclined to drink it plain while others prefer it diluted in water. 

Unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian, you may offer your dog a few laps of solution to drink every 1-2 hours. The recommended dose is approximately 2-4 mL of Pedialyte per pound of body weight. 

You can also freeze the solution and offer it to your pup as ice cubes. If your vet has instructed you to feed your dog (likely a bland diet as she recovers from gastrointestinal disease), you can also pour the Pedialyte dose over food as long as your dog still eats the meal. If your dog is picky, you may dissolve a low sodium bouillon cube to entice your dog to drink the Pedialyte.

Only give Pedialyte orally and as a free choice to your pet. Forced oral syringe feeding (without a needle) is not ideal. If your dog is sick enough to require syringe-feeding, she is sick enough to go to the vet.

If vomiting persists or returns, discontinue use and consult your vet. To reiterate, only give your dog unflavored Pedialyte if authorized first by your veterinarian. 

Pedialyte Side Effects for Dogs

While unflavored Pedialyte is safe in small doses, it may worsen vomiting in some dogs. 

It’s important not to administer more than the amount of Pedialyte your veterinarian recommends. You do not want to overcorrect electrolytes, causing an overdose. High levels of sodium (hypernatremia) can cause high blood pressure (hypertension) and fluid loss from the brain while elevated potassium (hyperkalemia) can cause severe cardiac issues, including low heart rate (bradycardia), abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), and cardiac arrest in extreme cases. 

Since Pedialyte contains higher levels of sodium than is ideal for dogs, dogs with fluid retention, such as those with congestive heart failure (CHF), should avoid Pedialyte in most instances. Also, dogs with diabetes should avoid Pedialyte due to its sugar content. 

Flavored Pedialyte contains artificial sweeteners which can further irritate the gastrointestinal tract, may not be suitable for dogs with food allergies, and may interfere with normal gut flora (healthy gastrointestinal bacteria). 

The biggest problem that Pedialyte can cause is giving pet parents a false sense of security when a veterinary visit may be necessary. That’s why it’s extremely important to discuss your dog’s illness with your veterinarian first.

Can Dogs Drink Gatorade and Other Electrolyte Drinks?

Dogs should not be given Gatorade or other electrolyte sports drinks formulated for humans.

While Pedialyte has its own caveats for when it is safe to be used, it is much safer for use in dogs than other human electrolyte replacement drinks, such as Gatorade and Powerade. These drinks can worsen gastrointestinal upset in pets. 

Traditional Gatorade contains roughly twice the sugar and half the electrolyte content in comparison to Pedialyte. Additionally, some Gatorade products contain sucrose, a sweetener which can worsen diarrhea (and thereby, dehydration) by drawing water out of the bloodstream and into the gut. In contrast, Pedialyte products contain no sucrose. 

Sugar-free sports drinks which contain the artificial sweetener xylitol should also be avoided in dogs as xylitol is toxic to pets, causing low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and liver failure, which can lead to seizures or death. You should also avoid making your own sugar water/electrolyte solution unless advised by your veterinarian since the recipe may contain incorrect amounts of sugar and salt.

In conclusion, avoid sports drinks and only use Pedialyte after consulting your personal veterinarian. 

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Let’s review whether dogs can eat eggs and go over the different cooking variations to see if they are safe for our pups. 

Can Dogs Eat Eggs?

Generally, eggs are safe for dogs to eat. They are a highly digestible source of protein and fat for our canine companions. The average cooked egg contains about 75 calories, nearly 6 grams of protein and just over 5 grams of fat. 

The protein fraction of eggs contains a complete essential amino acid profile and they are very highly digestible, giving them the reputation of being a good source of dietary protein. Processed egg products are a common ingredient in many commercial dog foods.

Dogs and Eggs: Preparation and Types

Eggs contain a yolk, an egg white, and a shell. The yolk is rich in nutrients, since this is where embryos grow if eggs are fertilized. The egg white, which surrounds the yolk, is composed of a thin and thick substance called albumen that is made up primarily of water and dissolved proteins. The egg white contributes to around half of the protein content of an egg. Encasing these soft structures is the egg’s shell. The shell is a rigid structure composed predominantly of calcium carbonate.

When it comes to nutrition, people generally discard the shell and cook the white and yolk. But when it comes to preparing eggs for dogs, there are some things you should keep in mind. 

Can Dogs Eat Raw Eggs?

Experts consider raw eggs unsafe for dogs for a number of reasons. First, raw eggs may be contaminated with bacteria, potentially transmitting infections including E. coli and Salmonella. Studies show that the risk of Salmonella is significantly greater in dogs who eat raw eggs (2). Not only can these bacteria cause serious illness in dogs (and their owners), but these infections may be hard to treat. 

In addition to the food safety concerns, there are nutritional concerns with respect to raw eggs. The egg white contains a protein called avidin, which binds biotin, a B-vitamin (3). Biotin is not an essential nutrient for dogs, meaning it doesn’t need to be present in their diet as dogs can synthesize it themselves. Yet, feeding raw eggs can actually induce biotin deficiency as the synthesized biotin is bound by the avidin and cannot be utilized by the dog. 

Can Dogs Eat Egg Shells?

Generally, you should avoid feeding egg shells to your dog. Egg shells are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate, a very calcium-rich, highly digestible compound. This provides a large dose of calcium in addition to the calcium provided in a dog’s main diet. 

Calcium recommendations are quite strict for dogs and even more so for growing puppies. Adding extra dietary calcium can easily imbalance the diet, especially from a source such as egg shell that is rich in calcium but deficient in phosphorus. The imbalance of the calcium to phosphorus ratio can impact vitamin D status and have effects on skeletal metabolism (4). 

Furthermore, the kidneys filter calcium and phosphorus from the blood. Mineralization of the kidneys is a component of chronic kidney disease and can be exacerbated by high levels of dietary calcium.

Can Dogs Eat Egg Yolks?

Dogs can eat cooked egg yolks, as long as it’s in moderation. Egg yolks are very energy-dense (i.e. high calorie) and rich in fat, including cholesterol. In humans, dietary cholesterol can cause many adverse health effects. However, in dogs, we do not have quite the same concerns as cholesterol seems better tolerated. 

However, dietary cholesterol can exacerbate several dog health conditions including lipemia and hypertriglyceridemia (elevated levels of fat in the blood) and pancreatitis (5). In these dogs especially, egg yolks should not be fed. 

For healthy dogs, a dose of fat and cholesterol from egg yolks may not be harmful, though pet parents should be aware of the risk of inducing pancreatitis. Certain breeds of dogs, including Miniature Schnauzers and Terriers, are at increased risk of developing pancreatitis. 

Can Dogs Eat Cooked Eggs?

Cooked eggs are less dangerous to dogs—though that does depend on how you prepare them. Cooking kills pathogenic bacteria and reduces the risk of Salmonella. 

However, cooking doesn’t change the nutritional composition of eggs and the high fat content is still present. Additionally, if eggs are fried, the added fat from oil or butter can increase the risk of an adverse reaction. If eggs are scrambled with added milk, the risk of diarrhea increases, as many dogs do not tolerate dairy products well. 

Interested in feeding your dog cooked eggs? Boil or scramble them without any additives. It’s also important to consider the portion size when feeding eggs to dogs. The average egg contains about 75 calories. Dogs should consume a maximum of 10 percent of their daily energy from incomplete food sources, including eggs. That means only dogs over 50 pounds could eat a whole egg in a day as part of a balanced diet. 

Can Dogs Eat Hard-Boiled Eggs?

Hard boiling eggs will kill pathogenic bacteria, making it a safe option for dogs. However, as with the section on cooked eggs above, hard-boiled eggs are still high in fat and calories. That means the risk of excess dietary fat still exists if you feed dogs hard-boiled eggs. Dogs known to have health conditions such as triglyceridemia, lipemia, or pancreatitis should not get hard-boiled eggs. 

Keep portion control in mind. Dogs should not get more than 10 percent of their calories from treats and dietary additives including eggs. 

Can Dogs Eat Deviled Eggs?

Deviled eggs should not be fed to dogs. The added mayonnaise brings even more fat and could cause adverse effects. Even if the fatty snack doesn’t cause pancreatitis, dogs could still suffer other effects from excessive fat such as steatorrhea (greasy diarrhea). 

If your dog happens to gobble up some deviled eggs from counter surfing, keep a close eye on them for signs of gastrointestinal upset such as lip smacking, drooling, and vomiting. If you have concerns, you can always give your veterinarian a call. 

What Are the Health Benefits of Eggs for Dogs?

Because of their nutritional profile, eggs offer many amazing benefits to humans. Fortunately, many of these same benefits carry over to dogs as well. When properly fed to your pooch, eggs can contribute positively to his health. 

Eggs are one of the most nutritionally dense foods. Packed with protein, vitamins and minerals, the nutritional profile of eggs includes:

• Vitamin A
• Vitamin B12
• Iron
• Fatty Acids
• Folate
• Protein
• Riboflavin
• Selenium

Included in many pre-packaged dog foods, eggs can provide an array of health benefits for pups. The high level of protein in eggs is a crucial ingredient in your dog’s health, helping him stay fit and strong. Additionally, the fatty acids found in the egg yolk help build and maintain your dog’s cells. Finally, the vitamins and minerals contribute to a healthier immune system, stronger teeth and bones, and a shinier coat. 

Keep reading to learn the best ways to prepare and feed eggs to your dog to get the most out of these potential benefits. 

How to Feed Dogs Eggs

If you want to feed eggs to your dog, only offer plain boiled or scrambled eggs free of any additives. Add them to your dog’s food at mealtime or as a snack or treat during the day.

Feeding too large of a portion could unbalance your dog’s diet or lead to unwanted weight gain. If you give a portion of an egg to your dog, subtract the amount of calories from their regular meal and reduce the portion respectively.

If you have any questions about portion size or feeding dogs eggs, speak with your veterinarian.  

How Often Can Dogs Eat Eggs?

There isn’t really a defined frequency for feeding dogs eggs. If you’re wondering how many eggs dogs can eat a week, the universal recommendation is to avoid feeding more than 10 percent of a dog’s diet from treats, snacks, and scraps. 

Eggs are high in fat and cholesterol. Take this into account before feeding them to your dog, since not all dogs will process eggs in the same way. Like humans, dogs are individuals. Consider their specific nutritional requirements before you add new foods to their diets. 

Consult your veterinarian to identify any nutritional concerns for your dog. Alternatively, there are also specialist veterinary nutritionists who can work with you and your dog to make tailored dietary recommendations to fit your dog’s needs. 

Dogs and Eggs Infographic

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But what about nutritional yeast for dogs? Can these potential benefits translate to our canine companions? 

We asked veterinary experts to weigh in on the advantages and caveats of nutritional yeast products for dogs. As a reminder, any conversation about supplements should begin with your trusted veterinarian.

What is Nutritional Yeast?

Yeast is a tiny, single-celled organism classified as a fungus. Of the approximate 1,500 current species of yeast, one of the most extensively studied is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely used in food and beverage production. The most notable forms of the S. cerevisiae species are baker’s yeast, the ingredient that causes bread to rise; and brewer’s yeast, which plays an important role in beer fermentation (1). 

Another important type of yeast is nutritional yeast (AKA nooch), sold as supplements, food additives, meat replacers, and seasonings. One way vegans and vegetarians use nutritional yeast is as a substitute for cheese, says Dr. Joe Bartges, professor of medicine and nutrition at the College of Veterinary Medicine, at the University of Georgia in Athens. “It has a nutty or cheesy kind of flavor. We put it on our popcorn.”

In nature, S. cerevisiae is found on grapes and other fruits (2). Food and supplement manufacturers harvest it by feeding yeast a sugar carbohydrate like sugar cane or beet sugar. It’s then heated—where it becomes deactivated—then washed, dried, and packaged (3). 

Nutritional yeast is a complete protein (it contains adequate amounts of essential amino acids) that contains glutathione (4), an antioxidant that protect against diseases caused by free radical damage, like cancer and heart disease. It’s also high in fiber, and contains vitamin powerhouses like riboflavin, thiamine, and B-12, and minerals like calcium and potassium (5). It’s important to note that nutritional content varies, depending on whether the product has been fortified, a practice that varies by manufacturer.  

Additionally, one human study showed nutritional yeast to be useful in affecting immune system response, reducing inflammation, and treating diseases associated with diarrhea (6).

Is Nutritional Yeast Good for Dogs?

Studies showing the benefits of nutritional yeast for dogs are minimal, but there are a few ways it can potentially be useful.

Provides Added Nutritional Content

The main reason for pet parents giving dogs a nutritional yeast product is for its protein and vitamin B content, says Dr. Lindsey Bullen, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist with Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas. “However, if a pet is on a commercial diet formulated to meet nutrient standards set forth by AAFCO (The Association of American Feed Control  Officials), the pet should be receiving all essential nutrients needed to live and thrive,” she says. 

Nutritional yeast are often used for vitamin B deficiency in cases where nutrients aren’t being absorbed properly due to a gastrointestinal disorder, says Bullen. “However, nutritional yeast supplements contain small amounts of each vitamin, necessitating large quantities of supplementation,” she explains. “Additionally, if the pet does have underlying GI disease, there are more effective ways to administer b-vitamins (for example, injections).”

Additionally, experts say that because nutritional yeast (and brewer’s yeast) is inactive, it doesn’t have the same benefits of products containing live yeasts and is not considered a probiotic.

Improves the Taste of Dog Food

Nutritional yeast for dogs can be used as a flavor enhancer to encourage animals to eat more, says Dr. Jessica Romine, a veterinary internal medicine specialist at BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. “This is from the glutamic acid. You may recognize this from its salt form, MSG, sometimes used in human cooking.” 

In a study of adult female Beagles, researchers sought to test, in part, the palatability of s. cerevisiae as a dietary supplement. Dogs fed the diet containing nutritional yeast consumed their food at a higher rate (a ratio of 1.9:1) than the dogs fed the control diet (7).   

Aids in Intestinal Health

Nutritional yeast may reduce fecal E. coli counts, which can improve intestinal health and overall improvement in immune function, says Dr. Lisa Pinn McFaddin, medical director at Independent Hill Veterinary Clinic in Manassas, Virginia.

How to Give Nutritional Yeast to Dogs

Products containing nutritional yeast are widely available, formulated for both humans and pets. How do you determine which is most appropriate for your dog?  

Pet parents may be directed to use nutritional yeast meant for humans in their dog’s diet, but it’s important to discuss this addition with a veterinarian. Human supplements aren’t made with pets in mind, says Bullen. “I would have a product evaluated by a veterinarian or nutritionist to ensure safety and bioavailability before giving it to a pet.”

Quality control within the supplements industry is another issue. “There is no standardization and so different products will have different amounts of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements,” adds Bartges.

Nutritional yeast for pets is also available in supplement form, typically as chewable tablets or powder that can be added to dog food. 

Because formulations vary by product and manufacturer and some contain extra ingredients such as garlic that can be harmful to dogs, it’s best to check with your dog’s veterinarian for dosing recommendations.

Nutritional Yeast Side Effects for Dogs

Nutritional yeast is generally safe, provided it’s purchased from a reliable company, experts say. “As nutritional yeast is primarily B vitamins, and B vitamins are safe with minimal toxicity, it would likely be safe unless it is fortified with other things,” says Bartges.

There are some factors to be aware of, however.

Current Health Conditions

“As with any potentially ‘live’ supplement, caution should be shown with immunocompromised pets or pets with gastrointestinal bleeding,” says Bullen. Dogs can also be allergic to yeast, so they should be monitored for signs of intolerance, adds Romine.

Also, be sure the product you give your dog doesn’t interact with any medications, reminds Bullen. “Always have owners consult with their primary veterinarian before feeding nutritional yeast.”

Gastrointestinal Upset

Large pets need a higher dose of nutritional yeast for any nutritional benefit to take effect, which may lead to gastrointestinal upset, says Bullen. If you see signs of GI problems, discontinue the use of any yeast-based supplements and check in with your veterinarian. 

Potential Weight Gain

Depending on the product, yeast supplements can be high in calories, says Bullen. “The amount would need to be calculated into the pet’s daily caloric intake if the pet is on a weight loss plan or is prone to obesity.”

Potential Toxicity if Given in High Doses

For example, some products contain garlic, says McFaddin. “In low doses it can be safe for dogs, but in high doses can be toxic.”

If taken in very high doses, nutritional yeast can cause flushing, feelings of being hot, and rapid breathing, says Romine. “Theoretically, if it was fed as more than just a sprinkle/topper, it could add too much protein and/or phosphorus to the diet of a dog with chronic kidney disease.”

It’s important to note that nutritional yeast is not the same as baker’s yeast, which Romine says is an important difference. “While baking and brewer’s yeast are known to sometimes support bacteria that can lead to mycotoxin growth, nutritional yeasts typically don’t have any more risk than other supplements.”

Where to Buy Nutritional Yeast for Dogs

Nutritional yeast for human consumption is most commonly sold as granules or flakes. Products are sold through a wide variety of vendors including health food stores, grocers, and online retailers.

Quality control is an important issue to consider when choosing any supplement, including nutritional yeast. “The United States FDA does not regulate supplements, so they do not have to be subjected to controls for safety, efficacy, and purity,” says Bullen. “Some companies have little to no quality control to ensure their products match their label.”

With such variations in quality, how do you choose a reliable product? Start by doing a thorough check of the company’s history, offers Bullen. 

“Always check for supporting research on the company’s website for their products. Credible supplements have peer-reviewed scientific literature that supports their efficacy. A third party can certify supplements by testing them for purity and safety. For human products, one such company is the USP. On veterinary products, the National Animal Supplement Council (NASC) verifies the quality and safety of many veterinary supplements.”  

Bullen also recommends asking these questions when choosing a nutritional yeast product for your dog: 

•     Who formulates the product? 
•     What expertise do they have? 
•     Is there a veterinarian and/or PhD involved? 
•     Who can you call if you have questions regarding the product, need advice, or want to discuss a patient who is experiencing an adverse reaction?
•     How long has the company been selling pet supplements? 
•     What sort of testing and quality standards/quality control does the company have? 
•     Is the supplement tested by an independent lab? 

Before giving your dog any nutritional yeast product, it’s best to check with your veterinarian first, especially if he has a health condition or is taking medication or supplements.

The post Nutritional Yeast for Dogs: Benefits and Uses appeared first on Great Pet Care.

But we rarely pause to think about dog digestion and what comprises our dog’s digestive system. How it is different from our own? How long it takes for our dogs to digest food? Are there foods our dogs cannot digest?

One of the best and simplest ways to monitor our dog’s health is to keep an eye on their digestion. Here’s some more information about your dog’s digestive system and what you should know to keep everything running smoothly. 

Understanding the Dog Digestive System

The entire process of digestion is the result of many organs, enzymes, and systems.  The canine digestive system is similar in structure to that of a human, but there are notable key differences to the way our dogs convert food into usable energy. 

Think of the dog digestive tract like a long tube that begins with the mouth and esophagus, proceeds to the stomach, then the small and large intestine, and finally to the rectum. Although the liver and pancreas are not directly along the digestive tract, they are essential organs that help aid digestion and process nutrients. 

Digestion occurs in some form or another at every portion of the dog digestive tract, and digestion would not be possible without each and every component. With the exception of the mouth and esophagus, the entire digestive tract is inside your dog’s abdomen, where the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.  

How Do Dogs Digest Food?

To better understand the dog digestive system and how digestion occurs, it is easiest to group it into four categories: the mouth and esophagus, the stomach, the small and large intestine, and the accessory organs.  

Mouth and Esophagus

When your dog eats food, this act kicks off the digestive process. Food is brought into the mouth by the front teeth and lips, then pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue where it is ground up by the molars and swallowed. 

Dogs have forty-two teeth, whereas humans only have thirty-two. Therefore, dogs can complete this step more quickly and efficiently than we can. It’s often impressive (and a bit alarming) when our dogs eat two cups of food in under sixty seconds!. 

Chewing food, or masticating, breaks it into smaller particles and mixes it with saliva so  it can easily slide down the esophagus. A dog’s esophagus is a muscled, hose-like tube which passes through the neck and chest to the stomach. Unlike human saliva, dog saliva lacks digestive enzymes. Dog saliva primarily serves as a lubricant to help the chewed up bits pass from the mouth through the small esophagus and into the stomach without becoming stuck along the way.  

Stomach

Enzymatic digestion begins in the stomach for dogs. A dog’s stomach is a thick-walled, sac-like structure composed of smooth muscle. The interior surface of the stomach contains a series of gastric folds, which help grind and break down food, and the lining secretes hydrochloric acid, protein-digesting enzymes (proteases), and mucous to turn the ingested contents into a liquidy mush, called chyme.  

In dogs, the stomach stores food in addition to breaking it down. Food is reserved in a dog’s stomach for up to 8-12 hours. In contrast, food passes through a human’s stomach in as little as 30-90 minutes. 

Our dog’s ancestors sometimes went long periods of time without eating, so they would eat as much as possible when the opportunity presented itself. As a result, a dog’s stomach can stretch to allow for storage of food, and the muscular organ releases food into the small intestine in a regulated manner. This provides the dog with the unique advantage of being able to save and store food for when it’s needed. 

Small and Large Intestine

Once the food has been adequately liquidized into an easily digestible chyme, it moves into the small intestine where the food can be absorbed and processed. 

The first portion of the small intestine is called the duodenum. This early portion of the small intestine contains ducts leading from the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver, which contribute the final digestive enzymes. Additionally, the acid level of the chyme is reduced to prevent damage to the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract.

Next, the food enters the longest and second segment of the small intestine, the jejunum. This is where the food—now processed by acid, enzymes, and mechanical breakdown—undergoes nutrient extraction and absorption. The jejunum is lined with thousands of small, finger-like projections called villi, which draw out the nutrients and transport them across the intestinal lining to the bloodstream for use within the body.

Leftover waste, now devoid of nutrients, moves on to the last and shortest section of a dog’s small intestine, the ileum, which connects the small and large intestine.

The large intestine is the beginning of the colon in dogs. Moisture is removed from the remaining, unneeded, or unusable material, as it moves through the colon forming firm, fecal material. Any lingering minerals are also extracted here. The final product then exits the body through the rectum, and finds it way into your poop bag or scoop.  

Pancreas and Liver

Although the pancreas and liver are not directly a part of the dog digestive tract, they are essential for proper food digestion and preparing nutrients for absorption.

The pancreas contributes juices full of enzymes and hormones that are critical for digestion. These pancreatic juices enter the tract at the duodenum. The enzymes are responsible for breaking down fat, proteins, and sugars so they can be absorbed in the jejunum. Pancreatic hormones, primarily insulin, help regulate a dog’s blood sugar levels and appetite, stimulate stomach acid production, and signal stomach emptying. 

The liver makes bile, which is stored in the gallbladder, and added to the chyme in the duodenum. Bile is needed to properly digest fats and utilize them within the body.  Additionally, after nutrients are absorbed from the jejunum, most of them wind up in the liver, where they are processed for utilization throughout the body. 

How Long Does It Take for a Dog to Digest Food?

On average, it can take anywhere from 8-12 hours from the moment food enters your dog’s mouth until you see it again on the other end. This is about three times less than the amount of time humans take to digest a meal.  

The rate and efficiency of canine digestion depends on a combination of the following: 

Your dog’s breed. The breed of your dog often determines your pet’s size and weight, and has the greatest effect on the rate of their digestion. A dog’s digestive tract is roughly three times as long as they are, therefore, there is a direct correlation between the size of your pet and the length of their gastrointestinal tract. Larger dogs have a longer tract, so it takes food more time to move through.

Your dog’s age. Age has the second greatest effect on the time it takes for a dog to digest food. Puppies have the highest energy requirements, and therefore, need to eat and digest food on a more regular basis. Since they need a constant fuel supply for growth, food will not be stored in their stomach nearly as long as in adult canines. In a similar manner to humans, a dog’s metabolism will slow with age. Digestion becomes a lengthier process each year of your dog’s life. Senior dogs may chew more slowly, due to dental issues, and they will also digest food more slowly once it enters their stomach. In most cases, these age-related changes are not obvious to owners or clinically significant.

Your dog’s activity level. Very active dogs will digest food more quickly. They expend more energy, and therefore, must replace the fuel they used by consuming more and digesting quickly. Sedentary dogs, who have little energy output, will not need to digest food as rapidly, and it will linger for a greater amount of time in the stomach. Senior dogs are often less active than younger dogs, further contributing to their slow rate of digestion.

Your dog’s hydration level. Water consumption and adequate hydration speed up the digestive process. Increased hydration helps with enzyme secretion, saliva and mucous production, and keeps everything slipping along the tract appropriately.

Your dog’s food type. The type of food you feed your dog also determines how quickly it will pass through a dog’s digestive tract. Wet or canned food will move through more quickly than dry food. Furthermore, the more fibrous or firm the material, the longer it will take for it to pass from the stomach into the small intestine. 

Your Dog’s Digestive System: A Look at Certain Foods

As previously mentioned, some foods are easier to digest than others, and although our pets sometimes think they can eat anything, there are definitely limitations.  

Veterinarians are commonly questioned about ingested materials such as chicken bones, rawhide treats, corn, grains, and eggs, and whether our dogs can digest them.

Can Dogs Digest Chicken Bones?

The highly acidic environment of a dog’s stomach does make the digestion of small chicken bones and fragments possible. However, that does not mean that dogs should eat chicken bones! In fact, most veterinarians advise against dogs eating chicken bones. Chicken bones—or any bones for that matter—are not easily digested, and pieces that are too large can become lodged in the narrow tube of the small intestine, causing a mechanical obstruction, which is a life-threatening condition that requires surgery. Even small bones can be potentially problematic, as they can splinter into sharp fragments which can puncture through the gastrointestinal tract, causing peritonitis, an abdominal infection. Sharp pieces can also scratch or irritate the sensitive internal linings of the tract leading to severe gastrointestinal upset. 

Additionally, chewing on bones or antlers is the most common cause for chipped or broken teeth in dogs. Broken teeth are painful and can lead to a tooth root abscess if left untreated. Bear in mind that dental repair in dogs is quite expensive without insurance.  

Can Dogs Digest Rawhide?

Rawhides are commonly given to dogs as a reward and an outlet for their desire to chew. These treats are created from dehydrated cattle hides and often flavored with chicken or beef for palatability.  

Just as with bones, it will take these thick, fibrous treats more time to digest than regular food, but technically, yes, they can be digested. While small pieces of rawhide will eventually travel through the digestive tract without causing issues, larger chunks could lead to intestinal blockage.  

If you are a dog owner who gives your dog rawhides, be sure to supervise them and ensure they aren’t breaking off and swallowing large pieces.  

Can Dogs Digest Corn?

It has been said that corn is a “filler” in dog food, however, corn is not only acceptable in a dog’s diet, but also beneficial to their health. Corn is a great source of many nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, linoleic acid, and antioxidants.  

Corn must be cooked or processed first in order to remove the cellulose husk that animals, including humans, cannot digest. Once the outer shell is removed, corn is readily and easily digested. If the cellulose shell is not removed,  it will simply pass through the digestive tract unchanged, and will not cause any issues.  

Corn cobs, however, are not digestible and can easily become lodged in the esophagus or small intestine, so they should never be fed to dogs. 

Can Dogs Digest Grains?

Despite rumors that dogs cannot or should not eat grains, the truth is that dogs actually digest and metabolize grains efficiently, especially when they are pre-cooked. In fact, wild dogs and wolves eat grains regularly! One of the most sought after rewards from their herbivorous prey are the stomach and gastrointestinal linings, often full of grains and roughage. 

Carbohydrates from grains provide your dog with readily available energy thereby sparing precious protein needed for other essential bodily functions. In addition, carbohydrates provide a good source of fiber, which promotes gut health and motility, and essential nutrients such as protein, fat, fiber, and vitamins.  

Can Dogs Digest Eggs?

Eggs are high in easily digestible protein and contain many essential fatty acids. Dogs can digest eggs both in their cooked form and raw form—shell and all! However, feeding raw eggs to dogs poses the same risk of foodborne illnesses that feeding raw meat does, so it is recommended that eggs be cooked before being fed to our pets.  

Avoid using spices, seasonings, butter, or oil while cooking eggs for dogs, as those ingredients can lead to gastrointestinal upset. Also, take care not to overfeed eggs, as too many can lead to high cholesterol and other nutritional imbalances. If you’re not sure how much is too much, reach out to your veterinarian. 

Caring for Your Dog’s Digestive System

Now that you have an understanding of the anatomy and processes behind digestion, use these tips to keep your dog’s digestion in top shape.  

Consider probiotics. Give your dog a daily probiotic supplement to keep their digestive tract functioning optimally. There are many different probiotic supplements specifically formulated for dogs. Contact your veterinarian for guidance selecting a product for your pet if you feel overwhelmed. 

Don’t use unnecessary digestive enzymes. Avoid supplementing your dog with digestive enzymes unless instructed by your veterinarian for treatment of a medical condition. Your dog’s digestive tract is already equipped with the enzymes necessary for flawless digestion, and additional supplementation could lead to imbalances. 

Keep an eye on your dog’s stool production. Dogs should defecate at least twice daily depending on frequency of meals and lifestyle. A combination of lack of dietary fiber, inadequate hydration, or more could be negatively impacting your pet’s digestive rate. 

Occasional loose stools or diarrhea are not alarming, but if your dog’s feces are typically wet, you should consult a veterinarian to screen for digestive issues. Ongoing diarrhea can lead to dehydration, loss of nutrients, and weight loss. 

Refrain from sharing greasy table foods. Refrain from sharing any greasy or fatty human food with your canine companions. Bacon grease, french fries, potato chips, or lots of cheese can overwhelm the digestive system and lead to serious illnesses like pancreatitis.

Feed a diet that is appropriate for your dog’s life stage. Puppies have different nutritional requirements than senior dogs. Take your dog’s life stage into account when selecting a diet, ensuring that you choose a diet that meets your dog’s unique nutritional needs.

Abnormal Dog Digestion: What to Do

A basic understanding of your dog’s digestive system will help you identify and avoid digestive issues before your dog becomes seriously ill. 

If your pet routinely experiences digestive upset, ask about a prescription dog food. These diets are uniquely formulated with fiber, protein, and fat ratios ideal for proper digestion.  

But if you notice any abnormalities or something seems off, it’s important to see a veterinarian. Digestive issues can have a wide variety of causes, and the most common causes of digestive issues may vary depending on your dog’s age. Together, you and your veterinarian can identify the cause of your dog’s digestive issues and create the best plan to keep your dog in top health. 

The post Dog Digestion: Everything You Need to Know appeared first on Great Pet Care.

But is chicken broth good for dogs? As it turns out, veterinarians approve of this home remedy. However, not all chicken broths are dog-friendly. 

If you’re wondering whether what you have in the pantry is safe for your dog to eat, read on for everything you need to know about chicken broth for dogs including health benefits, how to prepare it, and a few creative ways to add it to your dog’s diet. 

Can Dogs Have Chicken Broth? 

In short, yes—chicken broth is a generally safe addition to make to your dog’s diet. “I routinely recommend chicken broth as a palatability enhancer for dogs with picky appetites,” says Dr. Valerie Parker, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and associate professor of clinical small animal internal medicine and nutrition in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. 

That said, be sure to take a look at the label before you feed your dog any ol’ store-bought chicken broth. Many broths contain additional ingredients like onion and garlic, both of which can be toxic to dogs, says Dr. Deborah E. Linder, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and research assistant professor of clinical nutrition at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University in Grafton, Massachusetts. 

Beyond this, even low-sodium broths can be very high in sodium, which may be a no-no depending on your dog’s unique dietary needs, she says.  

As is true any time you change your dog’s diet, make sure to check in with your veterinarian before you add chicken broth to his food, especially if he has an underlying medical condition such as diabetes, cancer, or heart disease. 

Can Dogs Have Chicken Bone Broth? 

Rich in nutrients and collagen, a building block of muscles and joints, bone broth is all the rage these days (1). But how does chicken bone broth for dogs compare to typical chicken broth? 

While Parker notes that there are no studies evaluating the use of chicken bone broth in dogs’ diets, the same rules apply when you’re examining the label. Avoid chicken bone broths with added aromatics like garlic and onion, and opt for a low-sodium or homemade bone broth if you’re watching your dog’s salt intake. 

Benefits of Chicken Broth for Dogs 

Ultimately, the main benefit of chicken broth for dogs is probably what you have in mind for it already—enticing your pup to eat when he’s not feeling super hungry. 

Pouring chicken broth over your dog’s dry food can soften it up and add a flavor boost to a bland diet without further disrupting an upset stomach. 

As for other health claims—a cure-all for gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and constipation, a shiny coat, and more—researchers have yet to dig into them just yet. 

How to Make Chicken Broth for Dogs 

If you don’t have any chicken broth at home, it may be preferable to make it yourself anyway. “Homemade chicken broth is fine for dogs, and it’s sometimes the easiest way to find a broth that excludes onion and garlic,” says Parker.  

Here are steps to prepare homemade chicken broth for dogs:

Step 1: Bring chicken meat to a boil in plain water with no seasoning, says Linder. 

Step 2: Lower the heat and allow it to simmer uncovered for three to four hours, skimming any foam off the top as necessary. 

Step 3: Strain the liquid to remove all chicken meat. Allow it to cool to a safe warm-but-not-hot temperature.

Step 4: When it’s the right temperature, pour some over your dog’s food. 

While chicken and rice is another popular home remedy for dogs with an upset stomach or loss of appetite, this will almost always result in an imbalanced diet, says Parker. Again, it’s best to consult with your veterinarian before making any major changes to what goes on your pup’s plate, especially if he’s not feeling well. 

Other Ways to Use Chicken Broth for Dogs 

All in all, any food that isn’t a part of your dog’s complete and balanced diet formulated by a certified veterinary nutritionist (think: their dog food) should make up less than 10 percent of his total daily caloric intake (like treats and snacks), says Parker. Because chicken broth is generally a low-calorie food with about 15 calories per cup, it fits the bill for a great treat or palatability enhancer to add to your dog’s food.

Here are a few creative and fun ways you can add chicken broth to your dog’s diet: 

Make homemade dog treats. All you need to whip up these veterinarian-approved dog treats is flour, oats, peanut butter, and chicken broth. 

Cool off during the dog days of summer with chicken brothsicles. Freeze your dog’s favorite low-calorie treats like strawberries and dog-friendly veggies such as green beans and pumpkin puree with chicken bone broth in popsicle or ice cube trays. If your dog’s a chomper, stuff them inside a chew toy in order to avoid damaging his pearly whites, suggests Parker.  

Create soft-serve “ice cream.” Blend together dog-friendly fruit like seedless watermelon or cantaloupe with plain, unsweetened yogurt and chicken broth to make a dog-friendly version of ice cream. Pour it into a mold or toy, and voilà!   

Spoil your pup with a mini chicken pot pie with whole wheat flour, chicken broth, shredded chicken, carrots, and peas.

Chicken Broth for Dogs FAQ

Is chicken broth good for dogs?

Chicken broth can be a safe addition to your dog’s diet so long as you choose a pet-friendly product that is low in sodium and does not contain potentially harmful ingredients for dogs like onion and garlic.

Can you give dogs chicken broth for upset stomach?

If your dog has an upset stomach, you can try pouring a little chicken broth over his dry food or a bland diet to help entice him to eat. 

Can dogs have chicken broth with onion?

Onion and garlic can be toxic to dogs, so you should avoid chicken broth that contains these ingredients.

Can I put chicken broth in dog food?

Yes, you can pour low-sodium or homemade bone broth on top of your dog’s dry or freeze-dried raw food to soften it up and add a flavor boost.

How much chicken broth can I give my dog?

The appropriate amount of chicken broth will vary based on your dog’s weight and his individual needs. Many products recommend approximately ¼ cup per 20 pounds of body weight. 

Does chicken broth hydrate dogs?

Chicken broth can help promote hydration in dogs, but your dog should still always have access to fresh, clean water. 

The post Chicken Broth for Dogs: Safety, Benefits, and 5 Ways to Use It appeared first on Great Pet Care.

One of the newer options on shelves, freeze-dried dog food, has become an increasingly popular choice in recent years (1). But what is it, exactly? And is it a safe option for your dog? Here’s everything you need to know about freeze-dried dog food.

What Is Freeze-Dried Dog Food?

Humans have been freeze-drying food for a long time. Although for many of us, the prime example is still that “astronaut ice cream” you find in science museum gift shops, the global freeze-dried food market is expected to reach $85.3 billion by 2024 (2)—and part of that number comes from the rise of freeze-dried pet foods (3).

Like the human version, freeze-dried dog food has had all its moisture sucked out through freezing temperatures and a multi-step drying process. The result is a bone-dry, shelf-stable product that can last for years and be plumped back up by simply adding water.

In the case of freeze-dried dog foods, “what you’re getting is a different presentation of raw dog food,” says holistic veterinarian Dr. Ruth Roberts. But unlike fresh raw meat, some freeze-dried raw dog foods also go through high-pressure processing (HPP), a pasteurization process used to decrease quantities of bacteria such as Listeria, Salmonella, and E. coli. 

Even after HPP, freeze-dried dog food is still considered a raw food. “For pet owners who want to feed raw but are concerned about bacteria, [freeze-dried] is a great way to go,” Roberts says.

Types of Freeze-Dried Dog Food

Freeze-drying is a way to dehydrate dog food, but not all dehydrated dog food is freeze-dried. “Often dehydrated food is one where the water is removed using warm air,” rather than the cold-temperature process used to freeze-dry, says Dr. Joe Bartges, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and professor at The University of Georgia.

Just like other dog foods, freeze-dried products come in a number of formulations, from high-protein, to high-fat/moderate-protein, to varieties more similar to traditional kibble that include carbs like potatoes and legumes. Roberts notes that in any of these freeze-dried varieties, the proteins are still considered raw, and in some cases the starches are, too.

How Is Freeze-Dried Dog Food Made?

There are several steps to the freeze-drying process—a technique so old it’s been traced all the way back to 1200 A.D, when Incas freeze-dried their potatoes. 

In the modern version, fresh food is first frozen solid. Then it goes into a vacuum chamber that evaporates nearly all of the solid water (ice). A second drying phase zaps away any lingering water molecules. By the end, roughly 97 percent of the food’s moisture has been sucked out, but many of its nutrients remain.

The Benefits of Freeze-Dried Dog Food

For pet parents who want to feed their dogs a raw diet but worry about finding, handling, and preparing fresh raw meat themselves, freeze-dried food can be a fast and simple alternative. And unlike plain raw meat, “all of the commercially available [freeze-dried] formulas are going to be complete and balanced for all life stages,” Roberts says—as long as you make sure they’ve been formulated to meet the standards established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Pet parents also like that it’s easy to find high-quality, organic ingredients—including grass-fed meats—in freeze-dried dog foods. Processing and additives are usually minimal, too, and even picky eaters tend to like the formulas. 

“For people who like the idea of feeding whole foods but don’t want to cook or make their own, it’s a good option,” Roberts says. She notes that freeze-dried foods may be especially helpful for people who travel with their pets, since the drying process condenses fresh food down into a much smaller, lighter, and shelf-stable form. It also frees up valuable freezer and fridge space, since it lives in pantry-friendly packages. 

Potential Downsides of Freeze-Dried Pet Food Formulas

Roberts has two main concerns about freeze-dried dog food. First, when you take food out of its natural state—in this case, by drying it out and rehydrating it later—it is “never quite as easy to digest as it is in its original form,” she says. Second, it’s “hideously expensive,” she adds, “so the convenience comes at a cost.” 

According to Nielsen data, freeze-dried pet food clocks in, on average, at $33 per pound, compared to $10 or $11 for air-dried or dehydrated pet foods (4).

Many veterinarians also worry about illness-causing bacteria. “Freeze-drying alone, without a prior heating/cooking step, is not an effective way to eliminate microbial pathogens” like Salmonella, E. coli and Listeria, says veterinary nutritionist Dr. Megan Shepherd, who is also a clinical assistant professor of nutrition at Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine at Virginia Tech. “Therefore, I recommend avoiding raw and freeze-dried animal tissue-based products, unless the manufacturer can confirm that the finished product is pathogen-free.”

AAFCO, which sets standards for pet foods in the U.S., offers a similar warning on its website, noting that most nutritionally complete pet foods have been heat-treated during manufacturing to prevent microbial contamination. AAFCO further warns that any raw foods you’re feeding your pup could put humans in the house at risk for illness—especially children, elderly people, or anyone with a compromised immune system. And the same bacteria can make your dog sick, too.

How to Feed Your Dog Freeze-Dried Dog Food

You’ll find freeze-dried dog food in any number of forms, from dinner patties to food toppers to bite-sized nibbles. Some foods are formulated to be nutritionally complete (check the label), meaning they can be fed as a sole diet. Other freeze-dried foods can be mixed in or sprinkled on top of regular food, or even be doled out as quick treats.

Always be sure to check the specific instructions listed on the food you choose. Many formulas are intended to be served as-is—which is especially convenient if you’re using them for treats—but some must be rehydrated by crumbling into warm water. Adding water makes freeze-dried food bulkier and more filling, and is especially important for dogs who don’t drink much water on their own.

Where to Buy Freeze-Dried Dog Food

Freeze-dried dog food is widely available. You can find it everywhere from big-box pet retailers to small independent pet health food stores.  

The post Freeze-Dried Dog Food: The Pros and Cons appeared first on Great Pet Care.

While certain ‘human’ foods like veggies or sardines may be healthy options to give your dog, other foods can be toxic. So, is cheese a safe (and healthy) snack? Or can it cause some serious digestive issues? We asked veterinary experts for their thoughts.

Can Dogs Eat Cheese?

The short answer is yes—dogs can eat cheese as long as it’s given in moderation. “Cheese can be a delicious treat, and an easy way to hide medications for dogs,” says Dr. Tori Countner, veterinarian and founder of The Balanced Pet Vet.

And it may also benefit your pup’s digestive health. A recent study showed that certain types of cheese can add beneficial bacteria to your dog’s gut.  

“The study showed that Queso Blanco (white cheese) that contains Bifidobacterium longum given to dogs for 8 weeks improved fecal microbiota and immune response,” says Dr. Countner.

Another article in the Journal Of Dairy Science showed that after a 2-week administration of kefir, the dogs’ intestinal microbiota changed in a positive way.

However, as your pup ages, her ability to properly digest cheese may decrease.

“Dairy contains lactose, which is a simple sugar broken down by the enzyme lactase in the intestinal tract,” says Dr. Stacie Summers, veterinarian and assistant professor at the Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine at Oregon State University. “The activity of this enzyme in the intestine declines as puppies reach adulthood. Adult dogs do not have enough lactase in their intestine and are unable to digest large quantities of dairy.”

And some dogs can even be lactose intolerant.

“There are some dogs that are lactose intolerant and may not be able to digest dairy,” says Countner. “Signs of lactose intolerance include diarrhea, gas, bloating, and nausea. I advise my clients to start with a small amount of cheese or dairy to see how they tolerate it.”

Is Cheese Bad for Dogs?

Most dogs can handle cheese in small amounts and it really depends on the type of cheese being given.

“Like all supplementation, feeding dairy should be limited,” says Summers, who recommends that cheese and dairy snacks should make up less than 10 percent of a dog’s total caloric needs to avoid dietary imbalances. “Low-fat cheese options include cottage cheese, mozzarella, and soft goat cheese,” she adds. 

Cheeses that are higher in fat can cause health issues in dogs.

“Some dairy products that are high in fat may cause pancreatitis and contribute to weight gain,” says Summers. “For example, cheddar, Swiss, and Colby cheese are high-fat cheeses.” 

Salt content is also another ingredient dog owners should pay attention to when feeding cheese to their pups.

“Cheeses that are high in salt (processed cheese, string cheese, hard-aged cheese) should be avoided in dogs with heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease and dehydration,” says Summers. “Dietary imbalances can occur if fed in large quantities.”

Is Cottage Cheese Bad for Dogs?

“Low-fat cottage cheese is an option to give to dogs in moderation,” says Summers. “Cottage cheese is also low in lactose, so the risk of adverse effects may be lower compared to other types of cheese.”

Counter agrees that cottage cheese is a good option for dogs who may have a problem digesting lactose. “Cottage cheese traditionally has less lactose than milk, so is better tolerated in animals that are lactose intolerant,” she says.

Is Blue Cheese Bad for Dogs?

“Blue cheese is made from Penicillium molds and under the right conditions can produce toxins (i.e. mycotoxins) that cause tremors in dogs,” says Summers. “However, if stored appropriately, commercial blue cheese should not have enough mycotoxins to be of any significance.”

With that said, Summers says that feeding dogs blue cheese should be avoided to eliminate this risk—no matter how small. 

Is Cream Cheese Bad for Dogs?

Low-fat cream cheese is your best bet when it comes to feeding your dog cream cheese, since regular cream cheese can be extremely high in fat.

And you should also be wary of any additions to cream cheese that could also be harmful to dogs.

“Cheese with garlic, onion, and chives can be toxic at high doses and should not be given to dogs,” says Summers.

Feeding Dogs Cheese: Some Guidelines to Follow

Here are a few tips to keep in mind when feeding your dog cheese.

Focus on Portion Size

“When introducing your dog to cheese, be sure to give a small amount at a time if they are not used to consuming it,” says Countner. “By introducing cheese, and other new foods, slowly, you minimize the risk of stomach upset.”

Dr. Summers agrees that pet parents need to pay attention to portion size and only feed cheese in moderation to avoid gastrointestinal upset or weight gain. “Small bits of cheese (about the size of a fingernail) are okay to give to dogs as an occasional treat or used to get dogs to take pills,” she says.

Stick to Low-Fat Varieties

High-fat cheese can lead to dogs consuming more calories or can put them at risk of developing pancreatitis. So if you do give your dog cheese, try to opt for low-fat choices. 

“The amount of cheese a dog can tolerate depends on the individual dog and the amount of fat, salt, and lactose in the cheese,” says Summers. “Ideally, the low-fat version of the cheese should be given (i.e. low-fat mozzarella).” 

Don’t Feed Dogs Cheese While on Antibiotics 

If your dog is taking antibiotics, you should ask your veterinarian before you add cheese to your dog’s diet. 

“It is important that antibiotics not be given with dairy products,” says Summers. “The calcium in the dairy can interfere with the absorption of some antibiotics.

If you want to use cheese as a way to get your dog to take an antibiotic, ask your veterinarian for a recommendation for another option that won’t interfere with antibiotic absorption. 

What to Do if Your Dog Eats Too Much Dairy

“The amount of cheese a dog can tolerate depends on the individual dog and the amount of fat, salt, and lactose in the cheese,” says Summers.

And there are some clear signs that your dog has had too much cheese. 

“Too much dairy could result in soft stool or diarrhea, gas, burping, excess drooling from stomach upset, or even vomiting,” says Countner.

These symptoms may not warrant a call to your vet right away but should be monitored.

 “If you think you gave your dog too much dairy, I would advise monitoring your dog for diarrhea, reduced or absent appetite, and vomiting for 24 hours,” says Summers. “This is also advisable to do after giving your dog dairy for the first time.”

If any of these symptoms become severe, call your vet.

The Bottom Line of Cheese for Dogs

Dogs don’t need cheese in their diets if you’re feeding them a complete and balanced commercial dog food. But if you want to use cheese as a special treat or a high-value reward once in a while, go for it. Just make sure to keep portion sizes small and monitor your dog for any signs of intolerance. 

“The amount of lactose varies in dairy products, with milk having the highest amounts of lactose. Cheese, buttermilk, and yogurt contain slightly lower levels of lactose,” says Summers. “Although these products may be better tolerated by some dogs, they still have the potential to cause problems, especially if consumed in large quantities. It is best to avoid milk in adult dogs and give cheese—ideally low-fat cheese—only in small quantities.”

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Chances are, you’ve put a lot of time and energy into making the best dog food choices for your pup. Proper dog food storage, on the other hand, is often an afterthought for even the most discerning pet parents. 

In light of recent dog food recalls due to common bacterial contaminants like Salmonella and Listeria, you might be wondering: How can I ensure my dog food is safe? For starters, you can check up on your own dog food handling and storage habits.  

Here, you’ll find everything you need to know about proper dog food storage, including common mistakes to avoid and dog food storage ideas, according to veterinarians. 

Why Dog Food Storage Is Important 

“Much like storing our own food, properly storing pet food helps avoid spoilage,” says Dr. Cullen A. Domaracki, a veterinarian and assistant professor of veterinary clinical sciences at the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 

The best dog food storage solutions not only keep your dog’s food fresh and tasty, but they also protect your pup by keeping mold, bacteria, and household pests like insects and rodents out of his dinner.

So, is your pup’s food safe? Read on for the most common mistakes pet parents make when it comes to dog food storage. 

Mistakes to Avoid When Storing Dog Food 

Dog food storage seems simple enough, but there are a few common mistakes that even the most caring pet parents are susceptible to making.  

Here are seven dog food storage mistakes to cross off your list for a happy and healthy pup:  

Mistake #1: Storing Food in the Garage 

It’s an easy mistake to make, especially if your home is short on storage space. However, excess heat or moisture—common problems in some garages during the summer—can degrade essential oils and break down nutrients in dog food, explains Dr. Julie A. Churchill, Ph.D., a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and professor of veterinary clinical sciences at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine in St. Paul, Minnesota. Your dog’s food could also be at greater risk of being exposed to pests like insects and rodents.  

What to do instead: Store your dog food where you’d want to store your own food. Like other pantry items, dry and canned dog food should be stored in a cool, dry place like a dog food storage cabinet. Always keep it in a controlled environment under 80 degrees Fahrenheit, per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Mistake #2: Leaving Dry Dog Food Unsealed 

Fold over or roll up a large bag of dog food, and it might seem like that’s good enough for your pup. 

The problem: Leaving food unsealed is a big mistake, as oxygen causes the fat in the food to go rancid, which ruins the flavor and, in the worst-case scenario, could even make dogs sick, says Dr. Joanna Woodnutt, an experienced companion animal veterinarian based in Alderney, U.K.   

What to do instead: To keep your dog’s dry food fresh, store it in an airtight dog food container, says Woodnutt.

Mistake #3: Pouring Dry Dog Food Out of Its Original Bag 

“Many pet parents will tip dry food into an airtight pet food container, but this can cause the food to go off more quickly, and scratches in the surface of the container can hold bacteria and allow the food to spoil,” says Woodnutt. 

What’s more? The bag dog food comes in often has an oil-resistant liner, which is designed to help retain flavor, adds Dr. Kristi Flynn, an assistant professor in the department of veterinary clinical sciences at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul, Minnesota. 

What to do instead: Store your dog food in the original bag inside a sealed container. As this can make for clunky dog food storage, keep large bags of food in a storage bin and use smaller, more convenient containers that hold about a week of food for feeding time, suggests Flynn. 

If you do decide to pour dog food out of the bag and into a container, at least snap a picture of the barcode and expiration date or cut out that portion of the label, says Churchill. This way, if your pup ever gets sick or you have questions about the quality or safety of the food, you can share this information with the company and the FDA in case there’s a product defect or dog food recall. 

Mistake #4: Regularly “Topping Off” Dry Dog Food

If you already store your dog food in an airtight container, a common mistake is to fill it back up before it’s totally emptied out. The problem with this is that leftover fat and crumbs from dog food can build up inside the container over time and, again, start to go bad. 

What to do instead: Use up all of the food in an airtight container before you refill it. “When the bin is empty, that’s a good reminder that it’s time to wash it out and then add fresh food,” says Churchill. 

Mistake #5: Leaving Canned Food Out Too Long 

We’ve all been there—you feed your dogs, get distracted with other to-do’s around the house, and then find the can of dog food sitting on the kitchen counter hours later. The problem: Wet dog food that’s been left out could become a breeding ground for harmful bacteria and flies could also touch down and lay eggs, says Woodnutt. Ugh. 

What to do instead: If it’s been a few hours or longer, don’t risk it. Toss out the canned food in a securely-tied plastic bag in a covered trash can so your pup won’t be tempted to go digging for it. In the future, after you open canned dog food, tightly cover it with a reusable lid or plastic wrap, refrigerate it, and make sure to use it within three days, says Domaracki. 

Mistake #6: Not Taking The Expiration Date Seriously 

Like our own food products at the grocery store, it is hard to pinpoint when any pet food will truly “expire,” says Dr. Domaracki. That said, since the nutritional value of food can’t be guaranteed after that printed expiration date, it’s best not to feed your dog expired food, he says—even if it passes the sniff test.  

What to do instead: Buy a bag of dog food that your pup can eat within a few months of opening, says Dr. Flynn. If the expiration date is looming, consider marking it on your calendar or setting a reminder on your phone.  

Mistake #7: Only Washing Your Dog’s Bowls Once in a While 

Yes, life is so busy. But unwashed dog food bowls can develop bacteria, mold, mildew, and other contaminants, says Domaracki. Naturally, you don’t want any of that anywhere near your pup. 

What to do instead: While it may seem like an extra chore at first, get used to washing your dog’s food and water bowls and measuring scoops with soap and hot water after every single meal, per the FDA. 

Best Dog Food Storage Containers and Tools

Cleaning up your dog food storage routine only takes a few simple tweaks. For proper dog food storage, start with the right storage containers and tools.  

Here are all of the must-haves to include on your next shopping list: 

Airtight dog food containers. For dry dog food storage, opt for airtight containers that are large enough to fit a whole bag of food inside, says Woodnutt. Remember to clean them with soap and warm water after each batch of food. 

Dog food scoops. Measuring scoops are a great way to ensure your dog is gobbling up the appropriate amount of food at each meal. Since recommended amounts on the bag are often too large or don’t take into account your dog’s breed, lifestyle, or body type, check in with your veterinarian for a suggested serving size, says Domaracki. Like dog food bowls, measuring scoops should be cleaned after every use. 

Can lids for wet dog food. Silicone or plastic can lids can help keep a can of wet dog food fresh inside your fridge, says Woodnutt. However, anything you use to cover up your own food—like plastic wrap or food storage containers—should do the trick too, adds Dr. Domaracki. 

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Olive oil contains linoleic acid, an essential omega-6 fatty acid that needs to be consumed by humans on a daily basis. Other sources of linoleic acid include grains, fruits, vegetables, other plant oils (such as sunflower oil and safflower oil), nuts, meats, and eggs.

This tasty oil is a staple of our own at-home cooking, but is olive oil safe for dogs? Read on to find out more. 

Is Olive Oil Safe for Dogs?

In general, yes, olive oil is generally safe to give to your dog in small amounts and/or as directed by your veterinarian. 

Olive oil isn’t toxic or poisonous to dogs when given in larger quantities, but it may contribute to creating a pro-inflammatory environment (an environment capable of producing inflammation) in a dog’s body if not properly balanced with other oils. 

It’s also important to note that the excess fat from olive oil can cause stomach upset or pancreatitis if too much is consumed by dogs. 

The key is giving olive oil in the right quantity and in the correct proportion. Many commercial dog foods already have olive oil as an ingredient. Check out your dog’s food packaging and you may already see that it’s included on the ingredient list.  

Benefits of Olive Oil for Dogs

Adding olive oil to your dog’s food (or giving to your dog orally) contributes to your dog’s overall omega-6 fatty acid intake. The easiest way to include olive oil in your dog’s food is to find a complete and balanced dog food that already contains olive oil. 

If you are home cooking your dog’s food, make sure you have a source of both omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids included. The easiest way to ensure the right balance is to have your homemade diet checked by a veterinary nutritionist or a veterinarian trained in balancing dog food diets. 

There is some evidence that olive oil can be used in cases of gallbladder stasis. This is a condition where the gallbladder is unable to deliver bile acids to the intestinal tract properly. Olive oil will not take the place of any prescribed medications, but may be given to help continue to move the bile after the prescription medication has started working. 

You may hear or read anecdotal accounts of olive oil being used successfully topically for dry skin or to help with wound healing in dogs. Although olive oil may have some wound healing benefits, it also has a negative effect on the outermost layer of the skin as well as the integrity of the skin barrier (1). This is because olive oil is quite high in another fatty acid called oleic acid. The oleic acid part of olive oil has the ability to disrupt a dog’s skin barrier and allow anything else present in the olive oil into the skin layer. 

So although olive oil may contain antioxidants that may help in inflammatory conditions and in wound healing, it is likely not the best option for non-inflammatory skin conditions.

Is Olive Oil or Coconut Oil Better for Dogs?

Both olive oil and coconut oil for dogs have benefits and drawbacks, and choosing the right type of oil for your dog depends on what you are trying to accomplish. There isn’t just one oil that is overall better for health. 

Both oils have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties when applied topically. They are both commonly used in soaps, so they may also offer a cleansing effect.

When given orally in small quantities, coconut oil may have positive effects for an upset or unbalanced intestinal tract. Much like coconut oil, olive oil also has positive effects on the gastrointestinal tract.

In cases of both coconut oil and olive oil, giving too much can cause stomach upset, vomiting, diarrhea, or pancreatitis. 

Olive Oil Risks for Dogs: What You Should Know

There hasn’t been significant research on the dangers of olive oil in dogs. We do know, based on the makeup and high fat level of olive oil, that it can present some gastrointestinal problems for dogs if given in large amounts. 

These problems include:

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Inappetence 
• Pancreatitis

Since adding olive oil will add calories to your pet’s diet, you will have to cut back on treats or cut back on meal food to avoid weight gain. 

As discussed above, there is no evidence that olive oil used topically will help with a dog’s dry skin. 

Olive oil should also never be used in a dog’s ears because it can trap moisture in the ear creating an ideal environment for bacteria or yeast infections to blossom. Olive oil is not an effective treatment for ear mites and should not be used in that capacity either. 

How to Give Your Dog Olive Oil

If you have decided to give your dog olive oil with the above risks in mind, talk to your veterinarian first and then try giving 1/4 tsp to 1 tsp daily mixed with your dog’s food. 

Be mindful of possible gastrointestinal upset or weight gain resulting from giving olive oil and monitor your dog closely. If any of these adverse effects are seen, discontinue giving to your dog and speak with your veterinarian about an alternative therapy for what you are trying to achieve. 

As previously mentioned, topical olive oil won’t help your dog’s skin and will leave your pet’s coat oily. For this reason, topical application of olive oil is not recommended.  

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Because vegetables do not carry significant calories, they are a great consideration for between-meal snacks and treats as well as helpful additions to a complete and balanced dog diet.

Vegetables provide large amounts of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants as well as a healthy dose of fiber.

Whether you want to add vegetables to a homemade dog food, imbue some extra flavor to your dog’s kibble, or have a snack or treat option to help your dog stay healthy, you have come to the right article.

Are Vegetables Good for Dogs?

In general, vegetables are good for dogs. There are a few notable exceptions such as onions, garlic, leeks, shallots and chives that could be dangerous—and even toxic—to dogs.

But overall, vegetables are low-calorie, high in vitamins and minerals, and they provide fiber to help dogs feel full between meals. Vegetables can be added as a topper to your dog’s current food, be included into a homemade diet that has been vetted by a veterinary nutritionist, and can serve as treats or between-meal snacks to keep our dogs feeling satiated.

Overall, vegetables are low in fat, but many provide our dogs with protein. This makes vegetables a good snack or treat choice for dogs who are overweight, dogs who currently have pancreatitis or have had pancreatitis, and dogs with diabetes. The fiber provided by vegetables has beneficial effects on blood sugar levels, and helps healthy intestinal bacteria to thrive, while also promoting normal bathroom habits.

But despite all the positives of veggies for dogs, it is possible for pet parents to feed their pups too much of a good thing. If you have a dog that will eat anything you put in front of them, offering too many vegetables can cause bloat. In dogs with bloat, their stomach can get so stretched with food that the stomach has trouble pushing that food down into the intestines and instead will cause stomach pain.

Often, dogs with bloat will need help from some medications and fluids at the veterinary hospital to feel better.

Best Vegetables For Dogs

The levels of vitamins and minerals in each individual vegetable can differ widely. Below are a list of vegetables that can be fed to dogs, and some nutritional highlights for each vegetable.

Asparagus

Asparagus is a vegetable that you may not have considered giving to your dog before—but dogs can eat asparagus and this stalk-shaped veggie has a great deal to offer. Asparagus is an all around good source of many vitamins and minerals needed on a daily basis and provides a good dose of antioxidants to help control inflammation in your dog’s body.

Broccoli

Broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable related to cauliflower and brussels sprouts, is a great vegetable for dogs. Broccoli is a good source of protein, is an excellent source of vitamin K, vitamin C, and folate, and provides dogs with a dose of potassium and manganese.

Another perk of broccoli for dogs is that it provides a variety of bioactive compounds including kaempferol and sulforaphane that can help manage inflammation in the body.

Brussels Sprouts

Brussels sprouts are a good source of vitamin K, vitamin C, and alpha-linolenic acid—also known as ALA (an omega-3 fatty acid).

Vitamin K is most notably important for the creation of proteins involved in normal blood clotting. Dogs can get their vitamin K through healthy intestinal bacteria, or by eating a food that contains vitamin K. Pets who have intestinal disease or are on antibiotics—and may not have a healthy intestinal bacteria community—may benefit from a boost of vitamin K from Brussels sprouts.

Carrots

Carrots are a good source of soluble fiber and beta-carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in your dog’s body.

Soluble fiber can help temper blood-sugar spikes in pets that need more glycemic control. Soluble fiber can also feed good gut bacteria that assist in proper digestion of food, production of certain vitamins, and other health perks.

Vitamin A has roles in vision maintenance, bone and tooth growth, immune system function and skin health. In medical health conditions involving the skin, lungs or intestinal tract, or if your dog needs an immune system boost, having an adequate nutritional supply of beta-carotene may help those systems.

Cauliflower

Cauliflower is a good source of fiber and B-Vitamins for dogs. There are several B-vitamins, but all of them are important for metabolism and energy. B-vitamins are essential for skin, brain, and blood health.

B-vitamins are water-soluble, so once your dog’s body has the amount of B-vitamins it needs for the day, any extra are removed from the body in the urine. In dogs that have medical conditions or are taking medications that cause them to urinate more often than a normal dog, they may become deficient in B-vitamins and may benefit from foods—like cauliflower—rich in B-vitamins.

Celery

Celery is a vegetable in the carrot family and is a good source of fiber, vitamin K, and potassium. It also contains some vitamin A, C and E as well as a small amount of many minerals needed by dogs on a daily basis.

Potassium is an important electrolyte for dogs that helps support normal water balance in the cells. Potassium is also critical for the heart to beat properly.

In addition to vitamins, minerals and electrolytes, Celery possesses a variety of antioxidants that can help temper inflammation. If your pet has arthritis, IBD, kidney disease, cancer or another condition involving inflammation, adding celery to the diet or as a snack may help prescribed medications and supplements to tame some of that inflammation.

Green Beans

Green beans are good sources of protein, fiber, vitamins A, C and K and some B-vitamins. They are also a good source of manganese.

Green beans have so many vitamins and minerals that they are great options for homemade dog-food diets. Although all homemade diets need to be evaluated by a nutrition-savvy veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist to ensure the diet is complete and balanced, green beans are an ideal inclusion to achieve the daily amounts of vitamins and minerals for your dog.

Kale

Kale is related to the cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and brussels sprouts and is one of the most nutrient-dense foods on earth. Kale contains large amounts of vitamins A, C and K, provides some B-Vitamins and good amounts of calcium, manganese, copper, potassium and magnesium.

Similar to green beans—because it is so nutrient dense—kale is an excellent addition to homemade dog-food diets to ensure you are creating a complete and balanced diet. Again, be sure to have your recipe approved by a veterinarian.

Kale also contains powerful antioxidants that can help dampen inflammation in the body. The key to fighting body inflammation is to use many sources—prescription medication, supplements, and diet. Kale is an excellent choice to mix into your dog’s food if they are fighting an inflammatory condition.

Peas

Peas are another excellent vegetable source for dogs. In addition to their high levels of vitamins A, C and K, peas have a good amount of the various B vitamins—higher than other vegetables in this list. Peas also have a higher protein level than other vegetables in this list.

Because peas are higher in protein than other vegetables, and are also a good source of fiber—meaning they will help keep dogs fuller for longer periods of time. Peas are a great vegetable to choose for dogs who beg for food between meals.

Spinach

Spinach is a vegetable related to beets and quinoa. Extremely nutrient-dense, spinach is a good source of insoluble fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K, and B-vitamins—especially folate.

In addition to all the vitamins and minerals it provides, spinach also contains many plant compounds involved in eye health (such as lutein) and compounds involved in controlling body inflammation (like quercetin).

Sweet Potatoes

Sweet potatoes are a root vegetable that can provide a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals to our canine friends.

Sweet potatoes, like the other vegetables of vibrant color, are full of antioxidants to help fight inflammation in the body. The beta-carotene (vitamin A) they provide is also important for the maintenance of good vision and a healthy immune system.

Zucchini

Zucchini is another vegetable to consider for dogs. Although probably not the tastiest when raw, cooked zucchini does provide some protein, and many vitamins and minerals.

Zucchini also provides antioxidants that can help other medications and supplements to control inflammation in your dog’s body.

How to Prepare Vegetables for Dogs

Vegetable preparation is straightforward when you are feeding them to your dog. Vegetables can be used as snacks, treats, or meal toppers. Preparation methods include feeding raw or cooked vegetables.

Feeding Your Dog Raw Vegetables

Many vegetables can be given raw to your dog. If you would eat any vegetables raw from the above list, you can feed them to your dog raw. Make sure to take the right precautions and wash all vegetables before feeding—just like you would for yourself, or your human family.

The biggest downside of feeding vegetables raw is that dogs do not digest raw vegetables well and therefore, dogs cannot absorb many of the vitamins and minerals that vegetables have to offer. In raw form, vegetables serve more as a fiber source, and a way to keep your pet full between meals without adding extra calories to their daily intake. If your dog is overweight or begs you for food in between meals, raw vegetables may be a good solution for you.

Additionally, raw vegetables might make sense as an on-the-go treat, since they are easy to pack in a bag and give to your dog while you’re on the move.

Feeding Your Dog Cooked Vegetables

Cooked vegetables can be fed to your dog, but with certain precautions in mind. If you or I were cooking vegetables, we would choose between sauteing, baking, or grilling. Often these methods of preparing vegetables include oil, butter, or spices. Oil and butter are sources of unnecessary and potentially harmful levels of fat for your dog. Excess fats can cause stomach upset (throwing up or diarrhea), weight gain, pancreatitis, and other medical conditions that can cause pain and suffering.

Spices for dogs are also unnecessary, due to your dog’s strong sense of smell. Any spice that livens up your food, may be overwhelmingly potent to your dog. So when it comes to spices, just avoid them and keep vegetables plain.

My best suggestion for cooking vegetables for your dog is to blanch them. Blanching simply requires boiling some water and then tossing the vegetables in for a couple minutes and then pulling them out. Any cooked vegetable needs to be cooled to lukewarm or room temperature before feeding.

Blanching vegetables helps to break down some of the structure of the vegetable allowing your dog’s digestive enzymes a place to start the breakdown process. This helps your dog absorb the vitamins and minerals hidden within the vegetable structure.

Precautions When Feeding Dogs Vegetables

Onions, garlic, leeks, shallots and chives all derive from the allium family of plants. These vegetables are all toxic to dogs and cats and can cause damage to the red blood cells, resulting in anemia.

It’s also important to be mindful of the glycemic index. Some vegetables—such as potatoes, corn, parsnips, and winter squashes—should all be given in moderation—especially in dogs that are overweight or have problems with blood sugar.

Lastly, keep an eye on portion control when feeding your dog vegetables. It is generally recommended that all food given outside of normal meals be less than 10 percent of your dog’s daily calorie intake.

The good thing about vegetables is that they are so low in calories that adding some as a topper to food, giving as treats, and giving as snacks in between meals will not add significant calories to your pet’s diet.

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The following guide is designed to help you understand what you need to know about green tripe for dogs, including its origin, the potential benefits and drawbacks, and where to find it.

Because your pup’s nutritional and health needs are unique, a discussion about green tripe dog food–or any new product—should begin with your veterinarian.

What is Tripe?

Tripe is muscle tissue from the stomach of animals like pigs, cows, sheep, and deer. Beef (cow) tripe is the most common.

Each of a cow’s four-chambered stomachs produces a different variety of tripe. Of these, the most widely consumed is honeycomb-textured tripe from the second stomach (reticulum); and smooth tripe, which originates from the first stomach (rumen).

As is the case with other organ meats, tripe is considered a by-product. It’s what remains (the term for it is “offal”) after a farm animal has been killed for its muscle meat for human consumption. By-products have a reputation for being inferior, but offal—including tripe—is more nutritionally-dense than muscle meat (1).

There are also some differences in how tripe is processed. If you were to go to the grocer to buy tripe to cook for dinner, you’d likely find the white or processed kind, which has been bleached in hydrogen peroxide, cleaned, and cooked. This process, experts say, reduces the nutritional content.

The variety used in dog food and as treats is green tripe, which is actually brown in color, although it may have green tints if the farm animal had eaten grass. Green tripe hasn’t been bleached or cooked which means it retains more of its nutritional value.

Is Tripe Good for Dogs?

While the veterinary community hasn’t produced an abundance of data specifically on the nutritional value of tripe for dogs, the following are some factors to consider.

Potential nutritional benefits of tripe for dogs include:

Probiotics. Raw green tripe contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, a type of bacteria that originates in an animal’s gut (2). It is thought to improve gut health by controlling populations of harmful bacteria like Escherichia coli and Salmonella, which in turn promotes better gut immunity.

Studies on probiotics for dogs are promising. One study published in the American Journal of Veterinary Research found that L. acidophilus can potentially enhance intestinal health and improve immune function in dogs.

Essential fatty acids. Tripe has a good balance of omega-3 (an anti-inflammatory) and omega-6 fatty acids (3). Receiving too much or too little of either of these essential fatty acids is harmful for dogs.

Digestive enzymes. Tripe contains digestive enzymes, which aid the digestive process by breaking down food and making nutrients more accessible (4).

Benefits of Green Tripe for Dogs

Though specific research is limited, green tripe is associated with a number of health benefits for dogs, and has some potential benefits for the environment as well.

Improves gut health. A healthy gut promotes a healthier immune system. The L. acidophilus contained in green tripe is a probiotic.

Aids in digestion. The same enzymes in green tripe that help cows digest food and absorb nutrients do the same for dogs.

Has a good balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. This is important because too much of either of these essential fatty acids can adversely impact a dog’s health.

Can entice picky eaters. The strong smell can be helpful in getting finicky or older dogs who may have a limited sense of smell, to eat their food.

It promotes less waste. Feeding dogs green tripe and other types of offal (which is essentially the leftovers from the animal that humans don’t consume) reduces the need to clear more land for agricultural use, or kill more cows and other animals for pet food.

Potential Drawbacks of Green Tripe for Dogs

As previously mentioned, veterinary research regarding the nutritional value of green tripe for dogs is limited. And there could be some reasons to avoid feeding it to your pup.

Some of the precautions or things to consider include:

Possible contamination from raw tripe. Raw foods are linked to exposure to pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli, which can cause illness in dogs, as well as people, especially the elderly, children, and immunocompromised individuals.

For this reason, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) generally recommends against feeding pets a raw diet.

If you are interested in feeding any raw diet to your dog, check with your veterinarian or a board-certified veterinary nutritionist about how to do so as safely as possible. It’s also a good idea to ask about portion size, how to make the diet complete and balanced and if the diet is appropriate for any medical conditions they may have.

The smell. People who’ve fed raw green tripe to their dogs say it’s quite stinky. While the pungent smell is off-putting to humans, dogs seem to be attracted to it.

Potential problems with the nutrient profile. Some green tripe products show inappropriately high levels of magnesium, copper, and sodium, and only trace amounts of vitamins B1 and B2, with no other B vitamins.

If you want to feed green tripe to your dog, be sure to ask the company selling the product for a nutrient analysis of the product they are selling to you. Bring that information to your veterinarian and have them take a look to make sure it is safe to feed. Tripe should not be fed as a sole food item to your dog.

How to Give Green Tripe to Dogs

Green tripe for dogs comes in a variety of forms. Some of these are composed solely of tripe, while others include ingredients you’d find in regular dog food, like vegetables and supplements.

Here is an overview of forms of tripe and how you can include this ingredient into your dog’s diet.

Raw green tripe. Typically available as frozen or fresh green tripe. If you plan to feed raw tripe to your dog, make sure to consult your veterinarian or a veterinary nutritionist to come up with a plan to keep your pet safe.

Freeze-dried green tripe. Freeze drying is a process that allows tripe to remain on store shelves for longer periods of time without losing its nutrients. Freeze-dried tripe typically comes as nuggets or mini patties. Freeze-drying does not decrease the potential bacterial contamination that can make your dog sick—only cooking it can do that.

Dry green tripe. Also available in kibble form.

Canned green tripe. While canned tripe doesn’t retain as many nutrients as fresh tripe, its strong smell can entice picky dogs to eat.

Green tripe chew sticks. These are intended as treats for dogs and are available in a variety of shapes and sizes.

If you’re purchasing green tripe from a dog food company, it’s easy enough to follow the serving instructions on the label. If it’s raw green tripe from your local meat vendor, you’ll need to figure out the proper portion to serve.

Whichever form of green tripe you choose, veterinarians recommend feeding a complete and balanced diet to meet a dog’s nutritional needs for a given life stage. In order for a food to be considered complete and balanced, it should be formulated according to standards set by the Association of American Feed Controls (AAFCO). A food that meets AAFCO guidelines will display a statement on the label.

If adding green tripe to your pet’s regular food, make sure the amount given (in addition to all other treats) does not exceed 10 percent of your pet’s daily calorie intake.

Also, quality of tripe varies by manufacturer, especially when it comes to the pet treat market, so look to do business with companies you trust.

Where to Buy Green Tripe for Dogs

As green tripe for dogs has become more widespread, finding it in a variety of forms is relatively easy. Here are a few places where you might look for green tripe for your pup.

Veterinary clinics. This is a good place to start, especially since your veterinarian already knows your dog’s specific nutritional needs.

Pet supply shops, including online retailers. You’ll find many of the commercial varieties of green tripe in stores, including freeze-dried, raw, canned, and dry. Make sure you know where the meat was raised and where it was processed. Products raised and processed in the USA are much safer than products coming from other countries.

Local farms and butchers. Some may have green tripe available, but you’ll still need to understand proper nutritional formulation so that your dog receives the appropriate amount of nutrients, portion control to avoid obesity, and safety protocols.

Grocers and health food stores. Commercial tripe made especially for dogs may be available in a store’s pet aisle. The tripe that stocked in the meat aisle, however, is likely the white, processed kind, intended for human consumption.

If you’re considering feeding green tripe to your dog, the key is to make sure you’re taking precautions and feeding the right kind. It’s also imperative that your pup still receives a complete and balanced diet. Ask your veterinarian if green tripe is a good option for your dog.

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Many dog parents are looking for natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids may reduce body inflammation or help in managing specific medical conditions such as arthritis. But can adding sardines to a dog’s diet make an impact? 

In this article we will examine whether sardines are good for your dog, the risks of feeding sardines, and the best way to determine how many sardines to feed your dog. 

Are Sardines Good For Dogs?

Sardines have positive nutritional value for your dog. Sardines, like other fish, are a great protein source for dogs and a good source of omega-3 fatty acids—such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 

Sardines are also rich in Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, calcium, and the antioxidant selenium.

But although sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, they still cannot reach the same levels of EPA and DHA as fortified diets and supplements. 

Pet owners may want to consider an omega-3 supplement rather than directly feeding fish like sardines. Supplements contain less calories and fat, while providing more omega-3 benefits. Ask your veterinarian before giving supplements to your dog.   

Are Sardines Safe for Dogs?

If your dog does not have or is not predisposed to certain conditions such as diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, or kidney disease, sardines are generally a safe treat to give your dog in small quantities. 

In addition to concerns around overfeeding sardines to dogs, some of the largest safety concerns involve the substance the fish are packed in, whether pet owners need to worry about bones, and if there are any risks of mercury poisoning or toxicity. 

Can Dogs Eat Sardines in Olive Oil?

Many sardines are packed in olive oil. In general, olive oil is excellent for the skin and fur coat of dogs, but feeding dogs sardines packed in olive oil is not recommended. Since sardines are already a high-fat food, we don’t want to be adding additional fat to the treat. 

Consider purchasing sardines packed in water if you plan on feeding them to your dog. 

If you happen to purchase sardines in olive oil, take the sardines out of the tin and let the olive oil drain out of the fish pieces for several hours on a paper towel, rotating occasionally to allow optimum drainage. This method will not get all the olive oil out, but will help to minimize the amount of olive oil on the piece of fish before feeding it to your dog. 

Can Dogs Eat Sardines With Bones?

Some sardines come with bones still inside the fish pieces. These are generally small bones, and may look harmless, but they have the potential to cause problems if ingested by dogs. 

Sardine bones may cause stomach irritation or can even puncture the intestines, creating a life-threatening emergency. 

To be safe, remove all bones before feeding sardines to your dog. 

Should I Worry About Mercury in Sardines?

Generally, no, pet parents who are interested in feeding their dogs sardines do not have to worry about mercury poisoning. 

As bait fish, sardines are pretty low on the food chain and do not live long enough to accumulate significant quantities of mercury. 

Risks of Feeding Dogs Sardines

Sardines are a high-fat food for dogs. Many articles and studies claim that sardines are low in saturated fat—which is true. But saturated fat is only one kind of fat. When it is added to the other forms of fat, sardines wind up being a high-fat food for our canine companions. 

Since feeding sardines means feeding a high-fat food, you want to be cautious in how many sardines you are giving your dog and the fat level of their regular food. 

If their normal dog food is also moderate-to-high in fat, or if you are feeding too many sardines, you could be inadvertently setting your dog up for vomiting, diarrhea, obesity, arthritis, diabetes, or pancreatitis. 

If your dog already has a sensitive stomach, gets diarrhea easily, is already overweight (or is at risk of becoming overweight), has diabetes, has had pancreatitis, or is a breed predisposed to developing pancreatitis, then consider another treat for your dog.

How to Feed Dogs Sardines

If you have decided to feed your dog sardines, work with your veterinarian or a nutritionist to determine the right amount for your dog based on body weight, energy level and dietary needs. Only 10 percent of your pet’s daily calories should come from additives or treats. 

If you have determined that you can safely feed a certain number of sardines per day, then take 1/4 of that amount and feed as a treat or mix it into your dog’s food. It’s important to start with a small amount of sardines, given with food, to make sure your dog’s body tolerates the fat content well. 

If you do not see any throwing up, unwillingness to eat, or diarrhea, then you can increase the amount given slowly, up to the maximum number you calculated above. 

Be very mindful of your pet’s weight after adding sardines to your dog’s diet. If they start to gain weight, decrease the number of sardines fed, increase the amount of exercise your pet gets on a daily basis, or talk to your veterinarian about some weight loss strategies. 

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Its largest varieties can grow up to two feet in a single day, topping out at over 200 feet tall. But even at more modest sizes, kelp serves as both food and shelter for thousands of underwater organisms. 

And as it turns out, once it’s harvested, dried, and processed, kelp can also help nourish your dog—as long as you’re taking some important precautions.

What is Sea Kelp?

Sometimes the terminology can get confusing, but here are the basics: sea kelp is a type of seaweed and seaweeds are a type of sea algae.

Of the 10,000 species of seaweed out there, kelp is one of the more widely available. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, approximately 30 million tons of farmed seaweed were produced globally in 2016, and about 27 percent of that was kelp (1). 

Kelp prefers to grow in cool, clear, shallow waters near rocky shorelines, which makes it most common in the Pacific Northwest and New England in the US, and in other countries around the world including Iceland, China, Japan, and Korea.

Like other plants, kelp is low in calories and packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It’s especially high in both iodine and calcium, and in recent years, more people have been adding dried kelp to their soups and salads, blending it into smoothies, or sprinkling it on veggies and meat to infuse nutrients and salty flavor without adding excess sodium. 

Holistic veterinarian Ruth Roberts noticed some animal nutritionists beginning to use kelp with dogs as far back as the 1990s, but it was still fairly rare at the time. Dr. Judy Morgan, also a holistic veterinarian, says she first bumped into commercial kelp products at the Global Pet Expo four or five years ago, and since then, kelp has quickly spread throughout the dog world. 

Is Kelp Safe for Dogs?

“Kelp, in general, is a great addition to the diet,” says Roberts. “It’s a fairly high-protein plant and has a lot of amino acids. There’s a lot of great nutrition in kelp.”

Morgan agrees. “Kelp is absolutely safe for dogs when used in correct amounts,” she says. But she warns against adding too much kelp to a commercial diet, since over supplementation can be dangerous. 

Besides, says Morgan, many pet food companies are already using kelp to balance their formulations, and pet parents may see kelp as an ingredient on dog treat and dog food labels.

Benefits of Kelp for Dogs

About seven or eight years ago, Roberts started recommending “super small doses” of the Ascophyllan nodosum variety of kelp for its dental benefits. “It does seem to really help decrease the amount of tartar and calculus that forms on the teeth for both people and dogs and cats,” she says. 

She notes that seaweeds can also support skin health—particularly in dogs with coat or nose pigment issues that are caused by low thyroid function.

In fact, the iodine found in kelp—and iodine’s relationship to thyroid function—is one of the main reasons people use kelp, according to Roberts. Iodine deficiency is a possible, but uncommon, cause of hypothyroidism in dogs, which can disrupt heart rate, body temperature and, most notably, metabolism. Kelp may help boost a dog’s iodine levels and support thyroid function if dosed correctly.  

But before you begin feeding your dog kelp, there are caveats you need to know.

Risks of Kelp for Dogs

“Used in small amounts on a regular basis, I think kelp is a great thing to add to dogs’ diets,” Roberts says. The problem is when pets get too much. While iodine is essential for healthy thyroid function, too much of it can induce hyperthyroidism—a condition in which the body overproduces thyroid hormone, causing unexpected weight loss and other health issues.

At even higher doses, iodine can have the opposite effect: suppressing thyroid function and leading to (or worsening) hypothyroidism—the very condition many people are trying to prevent or improve through kelp in the first place. The potential for too-high doses of iodine is “the one major downside of kelp,” Roberts says.

More generally, when it comes to kelp, “don’t believe all the claims that kelp will cure anything, repel fleas, or perform miracles,” Morgan warns. 

How to Give Dogs Kelp 

Kelp products for dogs are available as powder-filled capsules, soft chews, or straight powder in a bag. You’ll also see it as an ingredient in dog foods and dog treats. 

But if you are very careful about serving size, Roberts says there is no reason you can’t feed human kelp products to your dog—and they’ll probably cost less, too. 

If using a powder, Roberts recommends mixing it in with your pup’s food, especially if you feed your dog a veterinary-approved, home-cooked diet. “Most pets really like it,” she says. 

The safest amount depends on your dog’s size. For larger dogs, Roberts says 1/4 teaspoon per day is “not a problem,” but don’t go any higher than that. For smaller dogs, she recommends half of that amount: 1/8 teaspoon.

If your dog already takes medication for hypothyroidism, Roberts says it’s essential to call your veterinarian before offering any kelp.         

When you’re thinking about giving your dog kelp, you should be cautious about the concentration of iodine in your dog’s diet. Morgan notes that the Nutritional Research Council recommends about 220 micrograms of iodine for every 1,000 calories a dog eats. “If iodine is already present in a commercial food,” she says, “it is important to know how much is in there so you don’t give your pet too much iodine.”

Where to Buy Kelp for Dogs

You can find human and pet kelp products almost everywhere—from pet stores and online health food shops to most grocery stores. Roberts recommends seeking out powder that is “the least processed possible” (steer clear of added oils or salts) and looking for labels that are certified organic. 

She also reiterates that many kelp products for pets are simply “human products packaged in a more expensive version”—so go ahead and share that bag of kelp powder with your pup. Just be careful how much of it you’re sharing.

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The panic was related to an article published in the Journal of the Veterinary Medical Association that expressed concern over a possible connection between grain-free diets and DCM.

“The [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] was clear—there was no need to switch foods,” says Alison Schwartz, general manager of All Pets Considered in Greensboro, North Carolina. “But there was so much initial panic that people immediately took their pets off of grain-free foods. It had a big impact on sales.”

What is DCM?

Dilated cardiomyopathy affects the heart muscle in dogs, stretching it out and making it harder for the heart to pump and contract. It can lead to blood backing up in the heart or fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Dogs with DCM might experience symptoms like weakness, lethargy, weight loss, coughing, increased heart rate and collapse. The disease can be fatal.

Although DCM can be diagnosed in all dogs, certain breeds have higher rates of the cardiac disease. These breeds include:

• Golden Retrievers
• Great Danes
• Pit Bulls
• German Shepherds
• Doberman Pinschers

The cause of DCM in dogs is often unknown but diet could be a factor, according to Dr. Angela Rollins, a veterinary nutritionist and clinical associate professor at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine.

“We know that DCM can be related to some kind of dietary deficiency,” says Rollins, who notes that some dogs will improve with a dietary change.

But she’s careful not to single out grain-free food as a cause of DCM at this time, since more research is required. “You can’t make any real conclusions from [the information] we have at this point,” says Rollins. “It’s all speculation.”

DCM and Dog Food: The FDA’s Investigation

The FDA received 515 reports about dogs diagnosed with DCM between 2014 and 2019. In 2018 alone, 320 cases were reported, including some cases involving multiple pets from the same household.

While the FDA’s report explains that DCM is not uncommon in dogs, researchers found some of the cases to be worrisome. The report states: “DCM itself is not considered rare in dogs, but these reports are unusual because many of the reported cases occurred in breeds of dogs not typically genetically predisposed to the disease.”

The case reports also included information about the pet food brands being fed to dogs diagnosed with DCM. More than 90 percent of foods named in DCM reports submitted to the FDA were labeled grain-free and contained high percentages of ingredients like peas, lentils, and sweet potatoes.

Since its initial report, the FDA has conducted product testing on grain-free dog food brands listed in the reports and compared the results to other dog foods containing grains. They compared the minerals, amino acids, and nutritional contents, including protein, fat, fiber, and starch. Initial results showed both kinds of food—grain-free and foods with grain—had similar nutritional contents.

In June 2019, the FDA released an update, which concluded: “The FDA is continuing to investigate and gather more information in an effort to identify whether there is a specific dietary link to development of DCM and will provide updates to the public as information develops.”

In September 2020, the FDA participated in the Scientific Forum Exploring Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs, along with veterinarians from a number of institutions. At this forum, representatives from the FDA noted that many dogs experiencing resolution of their DCM did so in response to a diet change, but additional research is necessary and ongoing.

An August 2021 investigation of diets associated with DCM in dogs found that peas had the most significant link to compounds that could be tied to the disease.

In December of 2022, the FDA announced that they would not be releasing any further updates on this topic unless new information was received. They concluded the reported cases “do not supply sufficient data to establish a causal relationship with reported product(s)” and there may be multiple factors involved in these cases of DCM.

Is Grain-Free Dog Food Linked to DCM?

Since the news broke, pet owners have been asking whether there is a strong link between grain-free dog food and DCM.

“We don’t have very good research right now,” Rollins says. “We have reports and we have associations but…associations are not cause and effect.”

Researchers have been evaluating whether a lack of taurine, a known cause of DCM in cats, could be connected to DCM in dogs.

Taurine, a sulfonic amino acid used to make proteins, is high in animal-based proteins. Grain-free diets often prioritize protein-rich legumes like peas and lentils over animal proteins. The ingredient mix might provide sufficient protein for dogs but legumes are also high in fiber, which could interfere with taurine reabsorption, Rollins explains.

“In cats, we know that DCM is related to taurine [deficiency] and I think that’s why we jump on that with dogs, thinking, ‘Oh, it’s taurine.’ Because, with cats, we know taurine is a big part of it and we just haven’t established it yet in dogs,” she adds.

As part of its investigation, the FDA reviewed medical records and conducted interviews about diet and environmental exposures and tested the taurine levels of dogs diagnosed with DCM. However, the FDA’s data was inconclusive and didn’t show a direct correlation between low taurine levels and DCM in dogs.

“It’s all speculation [and] the fact that we don’t know is the frustrating part,” Rollins says.

Should I Switch My Dog’s Diet?

If your dog is currently on a grain-free diet and appears to be healthy, the FDA does not recommend switching dog food at this time.

The Pet Food Institute (PFI) declined to be interviewed for this article. However, in a statement, President and CEO Dana Brooks said: “The FDA has neither recalled any pet food products nor recommended a change in diet for healthy dogs. The agency has stated—and PFI agrees—that this is a complex issue with many components requiring scientific evaluation. Tens of millions of dogs enjoy grain-free diets in the United States and the approximately 500 submitted DCM reports (as of July 31, 2019) suggest that, if diet is a factor, there may be a combination of other elements involved, such as dog physiology and genetics.”

However some pet owners have already shifted away from grain-free foods, which is negatively affecting pet store owners and manufacturers of grain-free food.

Nielsen data showed that sales of grain-free pet foods declined 1.3 percent after the FDA announced its investigation (in stark contrast to the previous year, when sales of grain-free foods were up 9.2 percent) and the 16 brands the FDA named saw their sales decrease 13.3 percent (1).

But while the FDA investigation is ongoing, spokesperson Anne Norris in the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine says that the agency is currently not recommending that pet owners switch from grain-free diets at this time—as long as their dogs remain healthy and their veterinarians have no concerns.

“The most important thing pet owners need to know is that different dogs have different nutritional needs based on a number of factors, so nutrition advice is not one-size-fits-all,” Norris says. “FDA is not advising dietary changes based solely on the information we have gathered so far.”

Some veterinarians are recommending that pet owners should consider a dietary change until there is a better understanding of what is causing DCM in dogs as it relates to food and nutrition. This is especially true in cases where a dog has a genetic predisposition for the disease.

Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the right diet for your dog, Rollins says.

Questions to Ask Your Veterinarian About DCM

DCM is one of the most commonly acquired heart diseases in dogs, according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

If you are concerned that your dog might be at risk (or have the disease), make an appointment with your veterinarian to learn about the symptoms or make an appointment for screening.

Here are some questions about DCM to ask your veterinarian:

• Is my dog at risk for DCM?
• Are there symptoms of DCM I should watch for?
• How is the disease diagnosed?
• What treatment options are available?
• What is the prognosis for a dog diagnosed with DCM?

Resources for Pet Parents

For more information about DCM and the FDA’s research into grain-free diets, you can review the list of frequently asked questions on the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine’s website.

The post DCM and Dog Food: What You Should Know appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Dogs can eat human food if you want them to. Freshly made dog foods are some of the best foods available for pets. Home cooking for pets is another option to consider. However, creating a complete and balanced food for your pet isn’t easy without a general practice veterinarian who loves nutrition or a veterinary nutritionist to help. The last thing you want is to feed a homemade food and inadvertently cause a medical condition in your pet.

Before you feed people food to your pet, you should know which dangerous foods for dogs to avoid and how to protect your dog from harmful foods.

Dangerous Foods for Dogs

• Avocados
• Alcohol
• Chocolate
• Caffeine
• Xylitol
• Coconut Products
• Grapes and Raisins
• Onions, Garlic, Chives, Leeks
• Macadamia Nuts
• Fried Foods
• Milk / Dairy
• Yeast Dough
• Cannabis Edibles
• Wild Mushrooms

There are many dangerous foods for dogs that can be toxic, harmful, or even cause death. Here is a relatively exhaustive list of foods that can cause your pet harm.

Avocados

Avocados are a welcome sight at the grocery store. Dogs and cats may also enjoy the taste of these delicious fruits. However, avocados can cause some significant health concerns in pets, including intestinal blockage, intestinal upset, or pancreatitis.

Avocados are higher in fat that many other produce section foods. These natural fats can create problems in dogs and cats sensitive to them. Higher fat foods have the ability to pull water from the body into the intestines, resulting in softer stools or diarrhea. This type of diarrhea should be self-limiting, but it may cause more significant concern in pets who are already dehydrated or prone to easily becoming dehydrated, such as puppies and kittens.

When dogs eat higher-fat foods, they have the potential to develop a condition called pancreatitis. The pancreas is a very important organ in the body that produces enzymes to break down foods as they move through the intestines. When a high fat meal is fed, there is a chance that the enzymes used to break down food become activated before entering the intestines, and they start to break down the pancreas itself. This condition is painful, requires hospitalization, and is potentially life threatening.

Lastly, the avocado pit needs to be composted or otherwise made inaccessible to dogs who like to eat such things. Avocado pits are the perfect size to get stuck in the intestines, creating a life-threatening condition that requires emergency surgery. If you are an avocado lover, keep track of your avocado pits, for the sake of your dog.

Alcohol

Alcohol of any kind should never be given to pets. Dogs and cats exposed to alcoholic beverages can experience GI upset (e.g., throwing up, diarrhea), low appetite, and can become less alert or uncoordinated when walking. Pets exposed to larger quantities of alcohol or who are more sensitive to its effects may experience difficulty breathing, tremors (involuntary and rhythmic shaking), blood chemical abnormalities, coma or even death.

Some pet parents may like to round out the day with a nice glass of wine. Because wine has alcohol, it is dangerous for pets to consume. It is unknown whether the toxic principle that causes grape toxicity in dogs (more on this to come) is present in wine and if it poses additional risk. Bottom line: Drink wine to your health, but maintain your pet’s health by keeping wine away from them.

For the craft beer fans out there, if you are making your own beer at home, keep your pets away from your new or already-used hops in all forms—flowers, plugs, or pellets. When consumed by your dog or cat, hops can cause a significant increase in their body temperature called malignant hyperthermia. The normal body temperature for dogs and cats can be upward of 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Eating hops can cause body temperatures of 105 degrees or higher. In addition to the elevated body temperature, your pet will likely experience a fast heart beat, a fast breathing rate (you will see their chest move up and down faster than normal), anxiety (not able to settle), throwing up, clotting abnormalities, or even death.

If you notice that your pet has eaten hops, they need immediate veterinary care. Deaths have been reported within six hours of hops consumption.

Chocolate

Chocolate can make dogs extremely sick, and in some cases, chocolate poisoning can even be deadly. It contains chemicals called Methylxanthines including caffeine and theobromine.

Similar to caffeine products (see next section), theobromine can cause mild symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea to more moderate symptoms including tremors, hyperactivity, and abnormal heart rhythm. In the most severe cases of chocolate poisoning, dogs can experience seizures and even death.

Different types of chocolate have different levels of caffeine and theobromine. The symptoms of chocolate poisoning in dogs are dependent on the type of chocolate and the amount consumed.

Baking chocolate contains the most theobromine, and is the most lethal. Baking chocolate contains about 390mg of theobromine per ounce of chocolate.

Semisweet and dark chocolate contain about 150mg of theobromine per ounce of chocolate.

Milk chocolate contains about 44mg of theobromine per ounce of chocolate consumed. The development of toxicity depends on the size of your dog and how much was consumed.

White chocolate contains very little theobromine and poses more risk of pancreatitis than chocolate toxicity.

If your pet has consumed only a small amount of chocolate and is showing mild signs, keep a close eye on your pet and take him to the veterinarian if symptoms worsen.

If however, your pet has eaten chocolate and is showing moderate or severe signs of toxicity, bring your pet to your veterinarian or the emergency clinic right away. Getting your pet treatment for chocolate poisoning quickly will impact your dog’s overall prognosis.

Caffeine Products

The problem with coffee, tea, and anything that contains caffeine is a chemical called methylxanthines. When ingested by humans, methylxanthines cause the body to “wake up and go” whereas in dogs and cats, this effect is taken to the extreme. Pets can experience throwing up, diarrhea, panting, excessive thirst, more than normal urination, hyperactivity, anxiety, abnormal heart rhythms, tremors, seizures and, in some cases, even death.

The degree of severity in the signs seen depends entirely on your pet’s weight, the amount of chocolate, coffee, or tea your pet consumed (grams or ounces), and details about the product consumed. This includes the brand and type of chocolate (e.g., white, milk, dark, or baking chocolate), roast of coffee, or type of tea.

If you find that your pet has consumed a caffeine product, you can either provide the above information and photos of any packaging material to your pet’s telehealth provider to determine if a trip to your veterinary hospital is needed, or bring the above information, any packaging and your pet to a veterinary hospital to be examined by a veterinarian.

Xylitol

Xylitol is an artificial sweetener derived from birch trees that is added to a variety of foods. While gums, candies, cookies, baked goods and peanut butters are not poisonous to dogs on their own, they become dangerous for dogs when xylitol is added to them. Small amounts of xylitol can cause significant effects: A couple sticks of gum or a small dollop of xylitol peanut butter can cause a dog to show clinical signs. That’s why you should always carefully read food labels, especially if you plan on giving those foods to your dog.

If your dog consumes a food containing xylitol, they will have a large spike of insulin release from the pancreas. Insulin is what allows blood sugar to enter body cells to give them energy. The spike of insulin will cause a massive movement of blood sugar into the cells, leaving very little sugar in the blood. Low blood sugar is very dangerous and can result in throwing up, diarrhea, low energy, loss of appetite, incoordination, collapse, seizures, and death.

If your pet consumes xylitol, bring your pet to a veterinary hospital or ER to be seen right away.

Coconut Products

Coconut water, coconut meat, and coconut oil can be dangerous for dogs. Although coconut water is incredibly hydrating for humans, it’s high in one particular electrolyte: potassium. Potassium needs to be kept at a certain level in the body. If your pet is given too much potassium, or if your pet’s body cannot handle high levels of potassium because of a medical condition, they can develop heart rhythm abnormalities that can result in death. Since you, the pet parent, cannot see your pet’s heart rhythms, you may see signs such as low energy, weakness, or collapse.

Coconut meat is not as high in potassium and individual pets may respond differently to being fed the coconut meat. Coconut meat has the potential to cause intestinal upset including throwing up, diarrhea, not wanting to eat, and resulting dehydration. If you are feeding your pet small amounts of coconut meat and they are tolerating it well (no adverse effects), then you should be able to give that small amount without significant concerns. 

If you want to give coconut oil to your pet, it is not toxic in very small amounts, but it can cause some health concerns in pets sensitive to it, and when given in large amounts.

Grapes and Raisins

The toxicity of grapes and raisins for some dogs and cats has puzzled veterinarians for years. Some dogs and cats react and some do not. Even one grape or raisin has the potential to cause life-threatening kidney failure. To date, veterinarians have been unable to predict which dogs and cats will develop kidney failure and which pets are lucky enough to not react. If your pet has had a grape or raisin in the past and has not had a problem, it does not mean it is safe to give grapes or raisins again.

Sometimes grapes but often raisins are often added to other food items during manufacturing. Pre-packaged oatmeals, granola bars, cereals, trail mix, and so many other products could potentially contain grapes or raisins and should be thoroughly vetted before purchasing and bringing into your home. Once in your home, it’s easier to forget it contains potentially toxic ingredients, and increases the possibility of your pet consuming them.

Onions, Garlic, Chives and Leeks

Members of the allium family of plants, including onions, garlic, chives and leeks, are considered toxic foods for dogs. If you cook a meal that has chunks of these vegetables in it, do not feed that to your pet.

Ingestion can damage the oxygen-carrying cells of the body and cause anemia or a low red blood cell count. Without an adequate number of red blood cells, the body will not be able to function normally, resulting in lethargy (lack of energy), pale gums (lift up your dog’s lip and take a look), elevated heart rate and breathing rate (the body is causing the heart and lungs to move faster to get more oxygen into the body), throwing up, and reduced appetite. If the toxicity is severe, your pet will need hospitalization and possibly a blood transfusion. If your pet has consumed one of these vegetables, bring them to a veterinary hospital right away for decontamination.

There are many processed and packaged products that contain onion powder or garlic powder, such as soups, broths, some dog treats, and any pre-prepared foods. The small amount of garlic or onion powder in these products should not be of significant concern unless your pet already has anemia or a medical condition concerning the blood.

There are home remedies that purport garlic as a means to rid the body of fleas. Garlic given in high enough quantities to kill fleas would also likely kill your pet. Instead, talk to your veterinarian about a prescription flea medication.

Macadamia Nuts (and Nuts in General)

Macadamia nuts are among the toxic foods for dogs. Currently, the cause of the toxicity in dogs is unknown, but it can affect the nerves and muscles of the body. Even eating small amounts can cause significant abnormalities. Dogs can develop clinical signs including severe lethargy, increased body temperature (above the normal upper range of 102.5 degrees), throwing up, tremors (involuntary but rhythmic muscle contractions), joint stiffness, significant hind limb weakness or even inability to walk on the hind limbs. If these clinical signs are seen, bring your dog to the veterinary hospital right away. 

Macadamia nuts, along with all other nuts, have an elevated fat content. If given in large quantities, nuts can cause pancreatitis in dogs, a painful and potentially life-threatening medical condition. In most dogs, an occasional nut (save for macadamia nuts) should not cause significant concerns, but getting into a bag or can of nuts can cause significant stomach pain, loss of appetite, throwing up, fever, and lethargy (low energy). Dogs with pancreatitis often need hospitalization with IV fluids, pain medications, and medications to support the intestinal tract before they can feel better.

Fried Foods

Your dog does not need a piece of your fried food. If they get into fried food, they are at risk for developing pancreatitis. Similar to nuts causing pancreatitis, dogs who eat fried food can develop a painful abdomen, a hunched posture, loss of appetite, throwing up, fever, and low energy. They can also be irritable depending on their individual personality and pain level.

Milk and Other Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products are tolerated by some pets and not tolerated by others. If your pet develops diarrhea after consuming milk or a milk product, then they are intolerant and additional milk will also cause diarrhea. If—after consuming milk—your pet does not develop diarrhea, and maintains a normal appetite, then milk in small quantities may be a treat you can give to your pet.

Be aware, however, that the fat content of milk has the potential to cause pancreatitis in dogs. As with nuts and fried food, pancreatitis can cause stomach pain, hunched posture, loss of appetite, throwing up, fever, low energy and irritability_, depending on your individual pet and how they handle pain.

Yeast Dough

If you like to make your own baked goods at home, keep them away from your dog. Yeast dough is potentially very harmful to dogs. When consumed, yeast dough settles in your pet’s stomach and will start to rise there. The dough can potentially fill your pet’s entire stomach, causing a bloated or distended stomach or a condition called GDV (gastric dilatation-volvulus), where the stomach flips over. A bloated stomach is painful, and will likely cause a decrease in appetite and energy. GDV is life-threatening because the flipped tissues of the intestines get cut off from their blood supply and start to rot. Signs of GDV at home are lack of appetite, unproductive retching (looks like they are trying to throw up but can’t get anything up), a distended stomach, a higher than normal heart rate, generalized weakness, collapse, and death.

To add insult to injury, the rising yeast dough produces carbon dioxide while in the stomach. Carbon dioxide absorbs into the bloodstream and can cause alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning in dogs can cause significant decreases in blood sugar, blood pressure, and body temperature and can result in seizures and death.

Edibles/Pot-Laced Foods

Edibles refer to edible products that contain THC, the psychoactive component in cannabis. Edibles are becoming more commonplace. If your pet ingests an edible, bring your pet to an ER right away.

Bring the packaging of the edible and an approximation of how much of the edible was consumed OR the brand and type of edible and the concentration of cannabis within the product.

In pets, THC can cause abnormal walking (looks like they are walking around drunk), a lower than normal body temperature, heightened sensitivity to movement, light and sound, and urinary incontinence (they start to dribble urine while laying down or walking around). Depending on the concentration of THC consumed, your pet can become stuporous—they fall asleep and it is difficult to wake them up. Brachycephalic (flat-faced) dogs may need breathing support while the THC is in their body.

Another consideration is the edible itself. Was it a brownie? A cookie? A candy? If there is chocolate in the edible, then you should also be concerned about chocolate toxicity, and candies may contain artificial sweeteners. If your pet ate your edible, please be open with your veterinarian and tell them. If your veterinarian knows what they are treating, they can help your pet easier.

Wild Mushrooms

Mushrooms are a potentially deadly food for dogs. Culinary mushrooms that you find in the grocery store should not cause a problem in your dog or cat, but beware of any wild mushrooms your dog decides to harvest from your yard or during your outdoor adventures.

Mushroom identification is incredibly complex and identifying and harvesting edible wild mushrooms is something experts practice for years. Wild mushrooms have varying levels of toxicity from “nothing to worry about” to rapid disorientation and death.

If you know your pet has ingested a wild or unidentified mushroom, try to have the mushroom in question identified before any clinical signs develop to determine if medical treatment is warranted. If clinical signs have already developed, bring your pet and the same species of mushroom to the veterinary emergency hospital right away.

Protecting Dogs From Harmful Foods

As evidenced above, there are many potentially harmful foods to keep away from your pets. Some strategies for keeping your pet safe include:

Keep toxic foods for dogs secured away. If there are toxic foods for dogs in your home, make sure to put them away as soon as you get home and keep them stored in a secure place. Counter-surfing dogs are talented and motivated and can find anything left on counters.

Make sure friends and family know not to feed your dog. Ask any friends or family members visiting your home not to feed your dog.

Stop feeding table scraps. Don’t feed your dog table scraps. Sometimes foods have hidden ingredients, and even if your meal is not toxic, it could lead to gastrointestinal upset or dangerous health conditions such as pancreatitis.

What Foods Can Dogs Eat?

The best human foods you can feed your pet are vegetables—except for the ones mentioned above. Each dog will have a different palate and different vegetables they will eat.

Vegetables as a treat will help your pet feel full while keeping them from gaining weight from too many commercial pet treats. Some favorite options include:

• Carrots
• Celery
• Broccoli
• Cherry tomatoes
• Green beans

It is also safe for dogs to eat the following fruits. Only allow your dog fruit in moderation to limit calories and excess sugar consumption.

• Apple slices
• Strawberries
• Blueberries
• Pears
• Seedless watermelon

Remember that treats should account for less than 10 percent of your dog’s daily calorie intake.

The post 14 Toxic Foods For Dogs appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Like humans, a dog’s body is made up of about 70-80 percent water, according to Dr. Jim D. Carlson, owner of the Riverside Animal Clinic in McHenry, Illinois. “Just like us, dogs need to stay hydrated to digest food, carry important fluids through the body, and remove toxins,” he says.

Water does a lot for a dog’s body. Water delivers vital nutrients and assists with the digestion process (including eating, absorbing nutrients from food, and moving waste through and out the body). Water helps a dog regulate his body temperature and allows the vital organs to function optimally.

When a dog is well-hydrated, the body operates in peak form. When a dog does not drink enough water, or if he loses water due to illness like vomiting or diarrhea, he risks becoming dehydrated. Without enough water, a dog’s organs can’t function and eventually, will fail.

How Much Water Do Dogs Need in a Day?

If you know how much your dog weighs, you can easily calculate how much water he should be drinking every day.

“Dogs need, on average, 1 ounce of water per 1 pound of body weight per day,” says Dr. Gary Weitzman, CEO of the San Diego Humane Society and author of the National Geographic Complete Guide to Pet Health, Behavior, and Happiness: The Veterinarian’s Approach to At-Home Animal Care . “This varies depending on activity level, ambient temperature, and excitement, because panting will dehydrate your pup.”

Breed, age, body condition, and medications also influence how much water your dog needs.

Small dogs will drink a smaller volume of water per day compared to large dogs simply due to their difference in size. A 5-pound dog should drink about 5 ounces of water each day and a 50-pound dog should drink about 50 ounces of water daily.

There are instances where some dogs need more than one ounce of water per pound of body weight. “Younger dogs have increased water requirements because they are growing and developing,” Carlson says.

Dogs might also need more water when it’s very hot out, after exercising and after excited play.

Why Is My Dog Drinking So Much?

If your dog is suddenly drinking more water than he usually does, is it cause for concern?

Sometimes, a slight increase in water intake is normal. If your dog has been exercising more than usual, he might feel extra thirsty. Many dogs drink more water in the summer when it’s hot and they are panting more often.

Certain medications like prednisone can also cause increased thirst. If your dog is taking a new prescription and you notice an increase in his water consumption, let your veterinarian know right away.

But other times, excessive water consumption (often followed by your dog urinating more) is a clue that a dog has an underlying health issue. “Kidney disease, diabetes, Cushing’s disease, and urinary tract infections are the most common reasons for increased thirst and urination,” says Carlson.

Is My Dog Drinking Too Much Water?

A simple way to find out if your dog is drinking too much water is to measure your pup’s daily intake.

Start the day with an empty water bowl. Fill a separate container with the amount of water your dog should drink in a day and use that container to fill up his water bowl throughout the day. If your dog weighs 40 pounds, for instance, fill a jug with 40 ounces of water. If your dog drinks all of the water and you need to refill your dog’s bowl more than once in 24 hours, it’s worth a visit to the veterinarian to have your dog checked out. This method may not be accurate for messy drinkers and houses with multiple pets who drink from the same bowl.

You can also take a close look at your dog’s urine—both the amount and the color. A dog that is drinking too much water will be urinating much more frequently than normal (and may be having accidents in the house). Dogs that are drinking too much water will also have very diluted urine that will look very pale yellow or even clear. Usually the first morning urine of a dog is the most concentrated while later in the day urine color and odor is more variable.

Why Is My Dog Not Drinking Water?

What if your dog is not drinking the recommended amount of water each day? There could be a variety of reasons. Dogs that are sick often don’t feel like eating or drinking. If your dog’s reduced water intake is sudden, take him to the veterinarian for an exam.

Often though, dogs may simply lack interest in drinking, either because they don’t feel thirsty or because they are picky about the taste or temperature of their water, or the location of their water bowl.

If you notice this pickiness, try refilling your dog’s water bowl with clean, fresh water or move the water bowl to a different location. If that still doesn’t entice him to drink, reach out to your veterinarian to discuss options.

How to Help Your Dog Get the Right Amount of Water

Staying hydrated is vitally important to your dog’s overall health. Even low levels of dehydration can be taxing on your dog’s organs. Additionally, dogs with certain medical conditions like kidney disease or urinary stones need to remain well hydrated to stay healthy. On the flip side, drinking too much water is also hard on a dog’s body, and can lead to accidents in the house.

Luckily, there are some steps you can take to help entice your dog to drink more water and also to curb excessive water consumption.

If Your Dog Isn’t Drinking Enough

“You can encourage your dog to drink more water by making sure the water is easily accessible, ensuring it’s clean and fresh, cooling the water (cold water is more palatable for both humans and dogs), and possibly raising the water bowl on a stand, depending on the size of your dog,” Weitzman says.

Some dogs enjoy drinking from pet fountains, which keep the water cool and fresh tasting. You can also try adding a splash of low-sodium chicken broth to your dog’s water to tempt him to drink more.

If you feel like your dog still isn’t drinking enough, ask your veterinarian about whether adding wet food to your dog’s diet can help. “Feed at least 25 percent of the diet as wet food and the dog will increase their water intake through the food,” advises Carlson.

If Your Dog is Drinking Too Much

If your dog is drinking and urinating more than usual, the first step is a visit to the veterinarian.

“If your dog drinks a lot more than an ounce of water per pound of body weight per day, it might signal a health issue,” Weitzman says.

If your dog takes prescription medication and suddenly starts drinking more water, your veterinarian might want to adjust the medication or try something different. Give your veterinarian a call right away.

If your dog gets a clean bill of health, ask your vet if it’s okay to pick up the water bowl a few hours before bedtime to cut down on nighttime bathroom breaks and unnecessary water consumption.

Monitoring your dog’s water intake is an important part of tracking their health. Noticing a change, like increased thirst, early can help protect your pet’s health.

The post How Much Water Should a Dog Drink? appeared first on Great Pet Care.

As soon as your dog shows signs of intestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, not eating), remove food and let their stomach rest for 4-8 hours. Offer small amounts of water or ice chips hourly during the fasting period— if they drink too much, they are likely to start vomiting again. 

While your pet’s stomach is resting, you can start preparing a home cooked bland diet. A good recipe is easy to make, and often can help address the clinical signs you are seeing. You can also ask your veterinarian for a commercial bland diet recommendation if you don’t want to cook at home.

In this article, we will discuss the definition and elements of a bland diet and why certain ingredients are used when cooking one at home. We will also discuss bland diet considerations to help you make the best choices for your dog. 

What is a Bland Diet for Dogs?

A bland diet refers to a food given to a dog that is easily digestible (easily broken down and absorbed into the body). This diet is also called “bland” because it does not have any seasonings, spices, fiber, or fat added. It is designed to meet your dog’s caloric needs but not over-tax the digestive system while it is healing.

When to Use a Bland Diet for Dogs

Dogs with mild cases of intestinal upset, such as vomiting, diarrhea or inappetence (not wanting to eat), often improve when fed a bland diet. However, bland diets should not replace veterinary care. If your dog has bloody diarrhea, ongoing diarrhea, continual vomiting, and is not eating for more than one day or is acting lethargic, it’s important to make a veterinary appointment to rule out potentially serious health problems.

Ingredients in a Bland Diet for Dogs?

A bland diet is a combination of a few simple ingredients. The diet must contain a protein source and carbohydrate source. 

Bland diets for dogs typically consist of:

A low-fat protein. Examples include chicken, turkey, or lean ground beef. Sometimes low-fat cottage cheese is fed instead of meat. A protein source higher in fat is generally too heavy for pets with intestinal upset. High-fat proteins can make vomiting and diarrhea worse and can make dogs that are vomiting from pancreatitis very ill. 

A carbohydrate source. Classically, white rice is used because it is easy to digest and low in fiber. Alternative carbohydrate sources can include oatmeal, brown rice, sweet potato, or potato. 

A probiotic (optional). Balanced intestinal bacteria are incredibly important to our dog’s health. Supplementing dogs with a probiotic can help rebalance the intestinal tract and prevent the worsening of symptoms.

Things to Consider When Feeding a Bland Diet

A bland diet is generally an excellent first step for pets with intestinal upset (vomiting and/or diarrhea). However, sometimes a bland diet is not the correct choice.

There are many causes of intestinal upset, and some of them can be life threatening. If, for example, you witness your pet eat a sock, toy, rock, or other object, and they begin vomiting, the condition can quickly turn fatal. A bland diet will not help.

There are also organ diseases that can cause vomiting and other secondary medical complications. Pets suffering from significant medical conditions will likely eat little if any food, and will likely demonstrate low energy and enthusiasm. A pet who is not eating and exhibiting low energy should be seen by a veterinarian right away.  

A pet who continues to throw up their food after eight hours should be seen by their veterinarian. 

Diarrhea that does not improve with a bland diet after 24 hours likely needs additional medications to help stop the diarrhea. 

Young dogs with intestinal upset need special attention. Puppies get low blood sugar and dehydrated very quickly and their health can decline much more rapidly than adult dogs. If your dog is under 6 months of age, seek veterinary intervention for intestinal upset.

If your young dog is vomiting for more than four hours, has diarrhea for more than six hours, is eating less than normal or not eating and/or has low energy, they need to be seen by a veterinarian right away.

A bland diet is not complete and balanced. A complete and balanced diet has all of the vitamins and minerals a dog needs on a daily basis. The majority of commercially available dog foods are considered complete and balanced. 

Feeding a bland diet is safe on a short term-basis, but if fed too long, it can start to cause nutrient imbalances in a dog, resulting in illness, weight abnormalities, and an inability to protect the body from infectious diseases. 

If your pet needs to be on a bland diet for an extended period of time, the diet needs to be formulated by a veterinary nutritionist to prevent nutrient imbalances. There are also several dog food brands that produce and sell bland diets for dogs if you do not like to or want to cook.

Bland Diet for Dogs Recipe

When cooking a bland diet for your dog at home, the meat should be boiled or cooked without any added butter, oils, or spices. 

You can use the options below to customize a bland diet for your dogs at home, using the recipes based on your dog’s body weight. 

Protein choices = White meat chicken or turkey with no skin, lean ground beef, venison, bison, (90% or above), low fat cottage cheese

Carbohydrate choices = White rice is preferred, can substitute rolled oatmeal, brown rice, potato or sweet potato

DISCLAIMER: Please discuss this recipe with your pet’s veterinarian before feeding it to your pet. Please do not feed your dog any ingredients that you know they are allergic to.

Cooking Directions

1. Bake or boil your protein until cooked through. Cottage cheese is served raw. 
2. Cook the carbohydrate of choice as directed on packaging. Boil, mash, or bake potatoes.
3. Do not add any seasoning, butter, or other fats. 
4. Combine protein source, carbohydrate source in an approximate 1:1 ratio.
5. Stir ingredients together until well mixed.

Serving and Storage Instructions

Wait until the food is room temperature before serving.

Start by giving your dog a portion that is ¼ to ½ of their normal meal size to start. If they eat it and keep it down, then you can give a little more.

Store food in a covered container in the refrigerator for up to three days. 

Warm food to between room temperature and mildly-warm before feeding. Do not feed cold. If after warming, the food feels hot, allow it to cool before feeding your dog. 

Duration of a Bland Diet for Dogs

Continue feeding the bland diet for the next 3-7 days. If your pet is known to have a sensitive stomach, it may be wise to give this food for 5-7 days after symptoms clear. In either case, once symptoms resolve, then slowly transition them back to their normal food over a period of days by mixing regular food with a bland diet.

Within 24 hours of the first meal, you should see improvement. If you do not, then a veterinary exam is needed. In addition, if your pet stops having intestinal upset with a bland diet, but the vomiting and/or diarrhea reappear as you transition back to their normal diet, call your vet.

The post Bland Diet for Dogs: All You Need to Know appeared first on Great Pet Care.

For all the canines readily eating their meals, as long as the food packaging has a label from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), the food is considered complete and balanced. If the food you feed daily is complete and balanced, you are giving your dog everything they need to live. 

There are a few good reasons to consider switching dog food. If you need to make a diet change (due to a veterinary recommendation or a lifestyle change), following a diet transition timeline will help your dog adapt to the new ingredients, and may help prevent some unwanted consequences. 

This article will help you understand reasons to switch dog food, how to switch diets, and what to do if you accidentally switch too fast. If you do need to make a change, you will be ready.  

Switching Dog Food: Should You Do It? 

There are a few situations in a dog’s life that may justify a food change. 

These include:

• A transition from puppy food to dog food 
• A transition from dog food to a senior dog food
• A transition from kibble to a canned version
• A transition to a veterinary-recommended prescription diet 

Many pet owners will switch from a puppy-specific formula to an adult dog food formula as their puppies grow up. A food change may also be recommended when dogs enter the senior phase of their lives as nutrient and calorie needs change. 

If your dog was born with a medical condition, or develops one during their life, a change in diet prescribed to address the condition may help your pet to feel better and even live longer. For instance, if your dog has digestive problems, your veterinarian may recommend switching to a dog food for sensitive stomachs.

When Switching Dog Food is Not Recommended

There are situations where changing a dog’s diet is not recommended. One such situation is switching a dog’s food to prevent food allergies. Currently, there is no evidence to support this concept. 

Since food allergies develop because of a dog’s genes, and not because of the number of foods they have been exposed to, it is best to keep your dog on the one food they do well on and manage any allergies if/when they become prevalent in your dog’s life. 

How to Switch Dog Food 

A diet transition timeline varies from 10 days to three weeks in duration depending on the individual dog and their individual gut tolerance. 

If your dog’s intestines can manage most foods, then a 10-day diet switch schedule is most appropriate. For more sensitive dogs, it’s best to take things nice and slow and use the longer transition schedule. 

Short Dog Food Transition Timeline

Long Dog Food Transition Timeline

The percentages in the timelines above refer to the quantity of food fed. For example,  if before the transition you were feeding 2 cups of the current food, then day 1 of the transition you would feed 75% of the current food which is 1½ cup. This leaves ½ cups of the new food to fill the bowl.

Regardless of which diet transition schedule is used, it is generally recommended to give your dog a pet-specific probiotic during the transition to help your dog’s stomach break down and digest the new ingredients in a healthy way. Consult your veterinarian to find the best probiotic that is recommended for your dog.

Side Effects of Switching Dog Food

If you didn’t take the time to follow a diet transition schedule, or if you otherwise tried to switch too quickly, you might get to see what intestinal upset looks like. 

Consider a time when you have eaten a brand new cuisine or a food you were otherwise not used to eating. The stomach pain and/or bathroom consequences you experienced are similar to what a dog goes through after eating something their body is not used to. Intestinal upset can manifest as throwing up, little or no appetite, or diarrhea. 

Diet-Switch Diarrhea and What to Do

For dogs, the most prevalent consequence of switching food too quickly is diarrhea. 

When the intestines come in contact with new food suddenly, it can start secreting water into the intestines. Water mixed with these foreign ingredients can then quickly make their way toward your dog’s hind-end and you might see the following symptoms:

• Your dog showing an urgency to go to the bathroom
• Needing to go more frequently
• A softer or liquid stool quality
• Possibly even some blood in the stools 

If you changed your dog’s food suddenly and now they have diarrhea, generally a bland diet is recommended.* 

A bland diet recipe consists of approximately 50 percent white rice and 50 percent boiled, low-fat, boneless, skinless, seasonless chicken or turkey. The white rice helps to absorb the extra moisture in the intestines, while the bland protein provides an easy-to-digest energy source. 

Along with a bland diet, a dog probiotic should be started and given for at least five days. Think of giving a probiotic like an antibiotic course, but instead of killing bacteria, we are simply providing the dog’s system with the bacteria that will help them digest food normally again.  

Keep in mind that a bland diet is not meant to be a long-term solution. It does not provide all of the nutrients that a dog needs, so it shouldn’t be used for more than a few days. If your dog is having vomiting and diarrhea for more than 24-48 hours, he should see a vet.

*If your dog is less than 1 year of age and is having diarrhea for more than 6 hours, bring them to your veterinarian right away for care and rehydration. 

Diet-Switch Vomiting and What to Do

In a small subset of cases, a dog fed a diet they are not used to may throw up (vomit).  

As some of the abnormal food ingredients are sensed by the intestines and absorbed into the body, the brain may initiate a reflex that causes the stomach to push food back up towards the mouth in a forceful manner (retching). The process is complete when the food material is expelled from the body.  

Your dog may throw up once or several times depending on what they have eaten and how sensitive they are. 

If you changed your dog’s food suddenly and now they are vomiting, give them free access to water, but do not give them any food for a couple of hours** to let their stomach rest and recover. 

After 2-4 hours, try giving a small amount, about ¼ of the current meal quantity, of their current (not new) food and see if they are interested and are able to keep the food down. If they do, you can then offer them the remainder of their meal. 

**If your dog is less than 1 year of age and is vomiting, do not withhold food from them. If they continue to vomit for more than 6 hours, bring them to your veterinarian right away to help them stop vomiting and get rehydrated. 

Diet-Switch Inappetence and What to Do

Eating less (inappetence) or not eating at all (anorexia) may result because of stomach upset or nausea when switching dog food. If you have started a diet transition and your dog is now eating less or not eating at all, it is generally recommended to follow the same guidelines as for if your dog is vomiting after eating a new food***. 

Let their stomach rest for a few hours with free access to water. After the rest, try to offer them a small amount of food to see if they will eat it. If they do not, try again in a few hours. 

***If your dog less than 1 year of age and is eating less than normal or not eating at all, do not withhold food from them and be sure they have free access to water. If they are not eating for more than 6 hours, bring them to your veterinarian right away for care. 

When to Switch to Adult Dog Food

Depending on your dog’s breed and individual variation, puppies can become adults at different ages. 

Smaller dogs become an adult at around 8 months of age; medium-sized dogs around 12 months of age; large dogs around 18 months of age; and giant-breed dogs, around 24 months of age. 

When your dog becomes an adult, switching to an adult dog food is highly recommended. While some dogs may do well long-term on puppy or all-life-stages food, the extra calories in these diets can create problems with weight gain and obesity. 

Note: Dog foods labeled “all life stages” have the energy content and composition of puppy food.

How to Pick an Adult Dog Food

Here are a few guidelines to help you choose an adult dog food when the time is right:

• To make the transition as smooth as possible, consider keeping the brand of adult food consistent with the brand of puppy food you were feeding. 
• It is important that the food is “complete and balanced” so that your dog will receive all the vitamins, minerals, and nutrients they need in the correct proportions to support a functioning body. 
• Make sure you are happy with the ingredients list. If you have any concerns, speak to your veterinarian.
• Be sure you are happy with the price tag. Since your dog will be on this long-term, make the food fits within your budget . 

Once you have found the right food for your young adult dog, be sure to follow the diet transition schedule above to minimize stomach upset. 

When to Switch to Senior Dog Food

A dog is more or less considered a senior at around 7-8 years of age. A senior dog food provides fewer calories to your dog during a given meal. The assumption behind the design of a senior diet is that, as dogs age, they are not as active as they once were  and do not need the same number of calories as an active adult dog. 

The problem with that assumption is that each dog is an individual whose energy, appetite, and metabolism are unique to that individual. 

Here are a few guidelines to help you decide whether and when to switch your dog to a senior diet: 

• If your senior dog is healthy, maintaining a healthy body weight: It is generally recommended to continue feeding your dog the adult food they know and love. 
• If your senior dog is healthy but is gaining weight or overweight: A senior diet might be a good idea so you can meet your dog’s calorie needs without the extra weight and stress on their body.
• If your senior dog is seemingly healthy but unintentionally losing weight: Consider an exam with your veterinarian to figure out the cause of weight loss before making a decision about your dog’s diet. 
• If your senior dog has a disease condition (diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, etc.), there are many commercial and prescription diets you can feed to help manage those conditions. 

How to Choose a Senior Dog Food

If you and your veterinarian decide that switching to a senior dog food is correct for your dog, choose a senior dog food with the guidelines below and follow the diet transition (switch) guidelines above according to their intestinal sensitivity.

Guidelines for choosing a senior dog food:

• Look for an AAFCO label stating that the food is complete and balanced
• Consider staying with the brand of food that has worked well in the past
• Consider a formula that includes joint support for arthritis
• Look for ingredients you feel comfortable feeding
• Find a senior dog food that fits within your budget

Switching to Grain-Free or Raw Dog Food

Some of the trendiest dog food diets on the market are grain-free diets and raw food diets. There are pros and cons to choosing either one. Before purchasing either, speak to your veterinarian about your intention to switch so they can guide you in your selection. 

Grain-Free Diet Considerations

Pro: One possible reason for choosing a grain free dog food is a lower incidence of mycotoxins—chemicals created by fungi that can have negative effects on the body when consumed. 

Con: Grain-free diets have lost popularity throughout 2019 after an FDA article made a loose connection between grain-free diets and the discovery of a heart condition called dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Unfortunately, we are unsure of the actual cause of the heart condition. This link needs to be investigated further.   

Raw Diet Considerations 

Pro: Raw diets are claimed to have superior digestibility to kibble and canned diets, increasing the nutrient absorption by the body. However, freshly-cooked diets also boast superior digestibility and are safer to have in your home and feed to your pet. 

Cons: Remember that “raw” means little/no processing has been done to ensure your pet isn’t eating bad bacteria that can cause intestinal upset. Those bacteria can end up on you, your family members, and all over your home. Raw diets have been found to be nutrient deficient and on occasion, have sharp bone pieces that can do damage to the mouth or intestines. 

Switching Dog Food: Final Tips

If you choose to switch your dog’s food due to a lifestyle change, a recommendation from your veterinarian, or a budgetary need, there are some things you should keep in mind. 

Follow these additional tips when changing your dog’s food:

Plan ahead. When a diet transition is needed or desired, planning ahead is important. Starting a diet transition a day or two before going out of town and leaving your dog with a sitter, or before bringing your dog on vacation is asking for trouble. 

Have enough current food. Make sure you start the transition while you still have enough of the current food to last through the whole transition timeline. 

Adjust the timeline if needed. If your dog has intestinal upset during a diet transition, start over and try a slower transition. The same transition speed will likely result in the same intestinal upset.

Observe your dog during and after the switch. After any diet transition, keep a close eye on your dog over the next several weeks. If they appear to be losing or gaining weight, alter the amount you are feeding by 5-10 percent and then watch them again. 

Consult your veterinarian with questions. If you need help with your dog’s daily calorie intake, and how much you should feed, give your veterinarian a call—they know best. 

The post Switching Dog Food: Tips and Recommendations appeared first on Great Pet Care.

Dogs are omnivores, just like humans. As dogs and humans evolved together over thousands of years, the dog’s diet started incorporating more ingredients that humans would eat, like root vegetables and grains.

Most foods contain some form of protein. In addition to all the vitamins and minerals they get from the ingredients in their food, dogs were also getting protein from unexpected food sources.  How much protein do they really need to eat? Does the protein a dog needs have to come from a meat source? Here, we unpack everything you need to know about dogs and protein.

Why Do Dogs Need Protein?

Protein helps keep dogs’ bodies running smoothly. When consumed in adequate quantities, protein contributes to building and repairing muscles, growing and maintaining tissues, and carrying out a host of other essential activities throughout the body. 

Dr. Tammy Owens, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and assistant professor at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, explains that dogs’ bodies can’t produce these all-important internal proteins without also eating protein. 

But pinpointing dogs’ exact protein needs is complicated, says Owen. Rather than saying protein should make up a certain percentage of every dog’s diet, she calculates an individual dog’s protein needs based on their size and any medical conditions. In healthy adult dogs, she says, protein needs are based on metabolic body weight. A metabolic body weight is the amount of energy used by a dog of a certain body weight.

In addition to overall protein needs, there are also the amino acids to consider. “Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins,” says Dr. Joe Bartges, a board-certified veterinary nutritionist and a professor of medicine and nutrition at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. 

He notes that 10 specific amino acids are considered essential for dogs. They are “essential” because it is essential that dogs eat those amino acids in their diet. “The body cannot make these [amino acids] and so they must be provided in the diet,” he says. As a result, amino acid composition (the amino acids that make up pork vs. beef vs. other proteins) also factors into protein requirements for dogs. An amino acid profile for a food refers to how much of each amino acid the food ingredient contains. 

Nutritionists take the amino acid profile information from a large variety of food ingredients and combine them to see which ingredients, when added together, satisfy the amino acids needed by the dog in a given day. 

Bartges says that commercial dog foods “contain a mix of ingredients to help balance the essential amino acids.” 

What Are the Best Protein Sources for Dogs?

Determining the best protein sources for dogs is more complicated than you might assume.

While most of us immediately think of meat mainstays like chicken, turkey, or beef, Bartges says eggs are considered the “gold standard” for protein, and Owens agrees, noting that they’re “highly digestible and highly bioavailable.” Still, Owens says that even eggs are not a “perfect protein”—that is, one that provides the exact amounts of all 10 amino acids that dogs need. 

When it comes to protein in dog food, Owens says that the top protein choices for dogs are:

• Chicken
• Beef 
• Pork 

Owens explains that these proteins are easily digestible, widely availability, and have a taste that appeals to a dog’s palette. 

Proteins for Dogs With Allergies

Bartges notes that while dogs can sometimes have true food allergies to specific proteins, food intolerances are more common. While a food allergy is an immune system (defense system of the body) response to a protein source, a food intolerance refers to an abnormal reaction to food that is not caused by the immune system.  

Owen says beef and chicken are two of the more widely used proteins that may evoke a reaction in dogs. But she’s also seen pups who react to rabbit, duck, and “a huge variety of things.” 

“What we consider ‘safe’ to feed dogs with food allergies depends on what they’re currently eating when they have the allergy and their diet history,” Owens continues. “Often we have to look for a protein that they’ve never been fed before—like kangaroo.” But she says that finding novel (never been fed before) proteins for allergic dogs has been getting harder, since many commercial dog foods now include previously rarely-used ingredients like rabbit and venison. 

Because of that, many veterinarians are now recommending hydrolyzed diets for dogs with protein allergies. Bartges explains that a hydrolyzed protein is “one that is basically pre-digested into pieces too small to be recognized by the immune system.” As a result, dogs typically won’t react even when it’s a protein they’re allergic to in its original form. 

On an allergy-related side note: both Owens and Bartges say that there are no reliable tests for food allergies in dogs. An elimination diet—where certain ingredients are removed completely from the diet before being introduced back in—is the only way to determine the presence of a food allergy.

Low-Protein Diets vs. High-Protein Diets for Dogs

Low-Protein Diets

Rather than thinking of any diet as low-protein, Owens explains that it’s more accurate to say low-er protein, since no dog should ever dip below their required daily protein intake.

Generally, “low-protein” means a diet that has an adequate amount of protein to maintain body functions and muscle mass, but not an excess amount, Owens adds.  

According to Owens, veterinarians may prescribe a lower-protein diet for dogs with medical conditions that affect their liver or kidneys, since those organs help process protein in and out of the body. Some of those dogs may even do best on a vegetarian diet—sticking to eggs, dairy and vegetable proteins, which Owens says may be easier for their bodies to handle. 

But again, she underscores that it “never does any good to limit protein below minimum daily needs, [because] then the body just starts stealing what it needs from other parts of the body.”

High-Protein Diets

Owens says there’s a joke among veterinary nutritionists that super-high-protein diets “just make very expensive pee,” since all that superfluous protein gets removed from the body through a dog’s urine.  

Still, there are times Owens may recommend that pet parents feed their dogs a higher-protein diet. One example is dogs who are on a weight-loss plan, since she’d want to make sure that while restricting calories, the dog isn’t also dipping below necessary protein levels.

Bartges says high-protein diets may be used for “high-protein-requiring life stages,” such as pregnancy, lactation, or growth. He also uses them with athletic dogs to help improve muscle mass, or with dogs recovering from a critical illness or trauma.

“Dogs can tolerate higher protein levels as long as the diet is otherwise complete and balanced,” Bartges adds.

Vegetarian and Vegan Protein Sources for Dogs

Want your pup to join in your meat-free lifestyle? Good news: “Dogs are carnivorous omnivores, and as such, can eat vegetarian or vegan diets as long as they meet or exceed the nutritional requirements,” Bartges says.

Vegetarian and vegan sources of protein can include: 

• Tofu
• Kidney beans
• Garbanzo beans
• Nutritional yeast
• Eggs

There are many other food ingredients that can be used as protein sources, the challenge is to be sure that you are not accidentally depriving your dog of a few essential amino acids along the way. 

While Owens agrees that both vegan and vegetarian diets are “theoretically very possible” for dogs, she’s more comfortable placing a dog on a vegetarian diet than a vegan one, since eggs and dairy are “highly digestible, good-quality protein sources that will meet the amino acid profile needs,” she says. Just be careful any dairy products don’t cause any stomach upset. 

She also says that pet parents should closely track what their pup is eating if they pursue a vegan or even a vegetarian diet. In fact, she recommends working with a veterinary nutritionist, even if it’s just to select a commercial food. And always be sure, she says, that any diet you feed your canine family member has been tested for safety, animals fed the food have been monitored for potential health issues and that all animals fed the food were alive at the end of the trial.

Protein Supplements for Dogs

Owens generally avoids protein supplementation with her dog patients. A complete and balanced diet is one that provides adequate protein, she notes, so if you’re supplementing pure protein on top of that, “we’re unbalancing the diet.”

If a dog needs more protein than he’s getting, “generally speaking, the best thing to do is to find a diet that’s complete and balanced, but includes a greater amount of protein,” Owens says. 

Bartges agrees that protein supplementation is not necessary in healthy dogs, and even in dogs who require extra protein, he says a higher-protein diet will do the trick. The only time he’d supplement protein—usually in the form of whey or casein powder—would be if a dog is losing muscle mass but requires a specific therapeutic (and low-protein) diet.

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